Changqing National Nature Reserve

Changqing Nature Reserve is a nature reserve mainly for the protection of giant panda. Giant panda, golden monkey, takin and Crested Ibis are the most famous in the park. It is composed of living Renping, rare animal viewing area, subalpine meadow, Taibai Sequoia pure forest, Shimen waterfall, beacon pillar, Quaternary glacier relics, etc. In addition, there are red 25 army headquarters, crested ibis garden, panda Valley, golden monkey reserve, Longyin gorge and other scenic spots. There are thousands of precious plants and 100 kinds of wild animals in the scenic area. With waterfall, flowing spring and lush forest, the scenic area has a unique natural ecological environment and is the natural oxygen bar of nature.

Shaanxi Changqing National Nature Reserve

synonym

Changqing Nature Reserve generally refers to Shaanxi Changqing National Nature Reserve

Changqing National Nature Reserve is located in the north of Yangxian County on the south slope of the middle Qinling Mountains, with a total area of 30000 hectares. The reserve is located in the transitional zone between the north and South climates of China and the intersection of flora and fauna. The forest coverage rate is more than 90%, of which the bamboo forest area is 21358 hectares. It has become a "natural shelter" for giant pandas in Qinling Mountains. It is a forest and Wildlife Nature Reserve established in 1995 with the approval of the State Council to protect giant pandas.

In 2014, it was included in the first IUCN green list.

Historical evolution

Changqing Nature Reserve was established on the basis of the former Changqing Forestry Bureau of Shaanxi Province. Changqing Forestry Bureau was established in 1967 with the approval of the State Development Planning Commission. It began to be built in 1968 and put into operation in 1971.

In May 1979, with the approval of the Ministry of forestry, yueba and Daguping Forest Farms in Changqing Forestry Bureau were designated as Foping National Nature Reserve.

In August 1980, with the approval of Shaanxi Provincial People's government, neilong Caoping and xichahe forest farm of Changqing Forestry Bureau were separated to establish Longcaoping Forestry Bureau.

In 1992, the State Planning Commission approved the establishment of Changqing Nature Reserve with the document of JNJ (1992) No. 991. However, due to the problems of policy, fund and technology, it was not implemented.

In 1993, under the call of Professor Pan Wenshi and other scientists from Peking University, with the support of global environment facility (GEF), and with the joint efforts of State Forestry Administration, forestry department and other government departments as well as Changqing Forestry Bureau, Changqing Forestry Bureau was finally transformed into a giant panda reserve, which was included in the "China Nature Reserve Management Project" planned by GEF in China.

"Forest and wildlife type nature reserve" was established in 1994 with the approval of Shaanxi Provincial People's government to protect giant pandas and their habitats;

In 1995, it was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council.

In 2014, it was selected as one of the first batch of IUCN green list of the world's best managed protected areas by the global Committee of the World Conservation Union.

geographical environment

position

Changqing Nature Reserve is located in Yangxian County on the south slope of the middle part of Qinling Mountains, bounded by Taibai County in Shaanxi Province in the north, Foping National Nature Reserve in the East, and collective forests of 11 administrative villages in Huayang and Maoping towns in Yangxian County in the South and West. Its geographical location is 107 ° 17 ′～ 107 ° 55 ′ E and 33 ° 19 ′～ 33 ° 44 ′ n.

landforms

The Changqing Nature Reserve is located in the middle of Hercynian Indosinian fold in the South Qinling Mountains. The complex fold belt composed of a series of East-West folds and parallel faults was emplaced, eroded and destroyed by the Indosinian monzonitic granite. The existing structural pattern is mostly some incomplete folds and faults with different scales. The main rocks are granite, granite gneiss and so on, which make it the main part of Huayang batholith. The nature reserve is high in the north and low in the south, with sloping mountain terrain. Due to the joint action of the earth tectonic movement, water erosion, glaciers, periglacial wind and other external forces, the geology is complex, the terrain is changeable, the ridge is vertical and horizontal, the mountain is high and the valley is deep, the highest elevation of Xinglong ridge (huorenping) is 3071 meters, the lowest Maoping protection station is 800 meters, the relative elevation difference is 2271 meters, the mountain system from north to south is subalpine - middle mountain - low mountain, the altitude is 800 ~ 30 meters 71 meters.

hydrology

Changqing Nature Reserve is located in the Yangtze River Basin. The main rivers in the area are Youshui River and Jishui River, which are the upper source tributaries of the first class tributaries of Hanjiang River system. Youshui river originates from Youshui Valley on the south slope of hunrenping, Xinglongling, the northern boundary of the nature reserve, and flows into Hanjiang River from north to south. The flow is 47.5 km, the drainage area is 280.55 km2, and the annual average runoff is 431 million cubic meters. The drainage area of the river is about 18.51 square kilometers. The total amount of water resources in the area is 1.464 billion cubic meters, which is composed of surface water and groundwater. The chemical properties of the water belong to type I, II and III of bicarbonate type calcium group. The pH value is 6.45-7.9, which is soft water, neutral water and fresh water.

climate

Changqing Nature Reserve is located in the transitional region between the north subtropical zone and the warm temperate zone. In the north of the reserve, there is a natural barrier of Taibai Mountain, the main peak of Qinling Mountains, which effectively blocks the invasion of the northern cold current; in the south, the warm and humid air flows directly along the Hanjiang River Valley to the middle and high mountains, forming a continental monsoon climate with obvious seasonal changes. The whole year has the characteristics of hot and rainy season, warm and humid, abundant rainfall, and obvious vertical zonality of climate and vegetation. The climate changes vertically with the elevation. The subtropical climate is below 900 m; the warm temperate climate is between 900 m and 1400 m; the temperate climate is between 1400 m and 2300 m; and the cold temperate climate is above 2300 M. The terrain in the area is complex, and the microclimate difference is obvious. Up the mountain, "ten miles is different from the day, a mountain has four seasons.". According to the gradual increase of altitude from 800 m to 3071 m, the temperature decreases and the precipitation increases sharply. The annual average temperature is between 14.6 ℃ and 1.8 ℃, and the annual average precipitation is between 813.9 mm and 1044 mm.

soil

The soil in Changqing Nature Reserve can be divided into mountain yellow brown soil, mountain brown soil, mountain dark brown soil and mountain meadow soil. The vertical distribution is as follows

① Yellow brown soil: it is distributed in the North subtropics below 1400m above sea level and developed under evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation. It is mainly yellow, moist and has high humus content in the surface layer.

② Mountain brown soil: distributed in the warm climate zone of middle mountain between 1400 and 2300 meters above sea level, the soil developed under the action of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest is yellowish brown, slightly acidic, with high content of chemical nutrients, water saturation and high fertility.

③ Mountain dark brown soil: distributed in the temperate humid area between 2300-3000 meters above sea level, semi humid area, the soil developed under the broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by coniferous leaves, the soil is moist. High content of organic matter, dark color, dark brown, black brown, dark brown, high fertility. The forest vegetation is mainly fir forest.

④ Mountain meadow soil: it is distributed in the subalpine cold temperate zone with an altitude of more than 3000 meters. Under the action of coniferous forest or shrub meadow vegetation, the soil developed from water wetland is characterized by high water content, gray black, brown, strong acidity, high content of organic matter and fertile soil.

Regional scope

The 11000 hectare area with concentrated distribution, frequent activities and relatively complete forest ecosystem in Changqing Nature Reserve is divided into the core area based on the natural terrain boundary, including Xihekou, Hetaoba, zuojihe, chenxuegou and other areas, and the remaining 18906 hectare area is divided into the experimental area.

Since the establishment of Changqing Nature Reserve, due to the implementation of strict protection measures, the scope of giant panda activities has been expanded to the experimental area, so the original functional zoning needs to be adjusted. The State Forestry Administration approved the adjustment of the functional zoning with the document of No. 357 of linjifa, that is, the scope of the core area does not move, and a part of the buffer zone is set out in the experimental area. After adjustment, the functional divisions are as follows:

core area

The area is still 11000 hectares. Its scope is from the top of tudigou and xigouliang at the junction of Huayang protection station and Taibai Forestry Bureau in the west, down the mountain ridge, from the boundary of state-owned forest, through cangerya, nianziping Daliang, Shanwangmiao to yangtianwo, to banchangliang, which intersects with the East Daliang of yadongping, and then connects with Zhichang Daliang and Gangou Henan Daliang, which turns to caiziping Yahuo, and then eastward along tianyuanzhai to Gufen Zhai and Foping state Family level nature reserves are adjacent to each other. Among them, the pedestrian passage area covers the section from liangding to cangerya in Xinglongling and the section from Shanwangmiao to langdianziliang in the core area, 10 meters on both sides of the highway.

buffer

It covers an area of 3409 hectares. From yuanhuazhai to cangerya along the boundary of the nature reserve, up to Miaogou liangding along yangtianwo, down to Hetaoping and sister mountain along the boundary of the nature reserve, down to yaowagou along shitahe Xigou, up to qishuya, down to zuojihe, up to chenxuegou, tianyuanzhai and Xiaohegou along the boundary, and down to Songya along Xiaoxiao road.

Experimental Area

Within the scope of the reserve, except for the core area (including sidewalk) and buffer zone, the rest are experimental areas, covering an area of 15497 hectares.

Protection target

The overall goal of Changqing Nature Reserve is to permanently protect and maintain the overall biodiversity of Changqing Nature Reserve, especially to maintain the giant panda population that can survive in the special environment, and to restore the ecological environment

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Qing Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu