Shanmen

Shanmen

Shanmen means the front door of the temple, which is the general name of the temple. In the past, most temples lived in mountain forests, so they were called "Mountain Gate". In order to avoid the common customs, temples are usually built between mountains and forests, so they are called mountain names and mountain gates. Later built in the flat, the temple in the marketplace, also known as the gate. Generally there are three doors, so it is also called "three doors". It symbolizes the "three doors of liberation", namely "empty door", "Wuxiang door" and "Wuzuo door". Today, there is only one temple, which can also be called three.

word meaning

door of a tomb

The biography of Yuan Yi in the book of the Song Dynasty: "how can you destroy Xianji and be fierce. The mountain gate is bleak. Who will sweep the pine court? "

The outer door of the Buddhist temple

Li Hua's poem "mica spring" in Tang Dynasty: "the mountain gate opens an ancient temple, and the stone sinus contains pure essence." Chapter 90 of outlaws of the Marsh: "when Song Jiang and others turn to the gate of the mountain, they only listen to the bells and drums in the temple, and the monks come out to meet them." Act 1 of Hongshen's qinglongtan: "Zhiyuan:" the villagers come to knock on the mountain gate, but we don't understand what it is for. "

The outer door of Daoism

Chapter 30 of scholars: "Du Shenqing came to Shenle temple in a sedan chair. He left the sedan chair at the gate and walked into the Mountain Gate by himself." Chapter 37 of the strange situation witnessed in 20 years: "there are two teahouses outside the gate of Xuanmiao temple." In 1989, Sui county annals, culture and ancient architecture: "Yuan Jiashan (yuan Keli, another industry),..." In the past, there was a mountain gate in front, a main hall in the middle, and a Bagua Pavilion behind. "

Refer to a temple

Qi Ji's poem "send the forest people back to Yongjia's old house" in the Five Dynasties: "Dongyue often thinks about it, and the mountain gate is in Yongjia." Jin and Dong Jieyuan's Xixiangji zhugongdiao Volume 1: "the servant points to the East and says," there is a mountain gate at the bottom of Wu! " "The story of the West Lake: six bridges" says: "the mountain monk has a saying. If you can answer it, you can do it. If you can't, please take off the jade belt and leave it at the mountain gate."

The name of the temple

The front door of the temple. The general name of the temple. In the past, temples were mostly built between mountains and forests, so Shanmen was the alias of temples. This is because most of the temples in the past lived in mountain forests, so they were named "Shanmen". In order to avoid the common customs, temples are usually built between mountains and forests, so they are called mountain names and mountain gates. Later built in the flat, the temple in the marketplace, also known as the gate. Generally there are three doors, so it is also called "three doors". It symbolizes the "three doors of liberation", namely "empty door", "Wuxiang door" and "Wuzuo door". Today, there is only one temple, which can also be called three. These three doors are often built into a hall, or at least the middle one is built into a hall, which is called "Shanmen hall" or "Sanmen hall". Inside the hall, there are two statues of Vajra Warriors (belonging to the eight divisions of heaven dragon), the God of Dharma protection. Vajra Litu is a Dharma protector holding a Vajra pestle to protect the Buddha Dharma. Its image is generally majestic, angry, wearing a crown, upper body naked, holding a Vajra pestle and feet open. The only difference is that the left image of angry Yan opens his mouth and uses the Vajra pestle as a blow, while the right image of angry Yan closes his mouth and holds the Vajra pestle and glares.

From the mountain gate to the north, the first hall is the Tianwang hall. In the middle of the hall, Bodhisattva Tatu Maitreya (or Tianguan Maitreya) faces south. Behind Maitreya Bodhisattva, for Wei Tuo bodhisattva (Dharma protector), facing north. The two Bodhisattvas are back to back with a partition wall in the middle. The Maitreya statues worshipped in the general temples of Han Dynasty in China are the Buddhists of the Five Dynasties. It is said that they are the incarnation of Maitreya, so they are worshipped by later generations. According to the biography of eminent monks, Budao monk was a monk of Liang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties. He was born in Fenghua, Mingzhou (Zhejiang), or Siming. His surname, birth and death are unknown. He called himself Qiben, also known as changtingzi. It is the incarnation of Maitreya. He often carries a cloth bag with his staff and beggars when he sees things. So he is called the cloth bag monk. In the 27th year of Jingde Zhuandeng Lu, the cloth bag monk was fat, with wrinkled eyebrows and a large abdomen. He could not speak clearly, so he could sleep everywhere. He often used a cloth bag with a staff and lotus, and all the utensils for his body were stored in the bag. At that time, he was called changtingzi cloth bag master. Teachers can show good or bad luck, and can predict the rain. In March of the second year of Liang Zhenming (916), Shi Ji, the general of the division, sat on a rock at the lower end of the East corridor of Yuelin temple, and said, "Maitreya is true Maitreya, which is divided into tens of billions of people. It shows people all the time, but they don't know it."

Content of Buddhism

It is also called "three gates.". The building gate on the front of the temple is one of the seven Jialan temples. Usually, temples are built in the mountains to avoid the common customs, so they are called mountain names and mountain gates. As for the word "Mountain Gate", Volume 39 of Fayuan Zhulin records the Hedong temple in Jingzhou: "the temple has three gates, two double rooms and seven rooms.". According to the book of pilgrimage to the Tang Dynasty written by Japanese monk Yuan Ren, "Buddha poli, a monk from western countries, came to the Mountain Gate empty handed. Manjusri is an old man and is not allowed to enter the mountains. " In dahuayan temple, the article says, "the people in the courtyard send each other to the third gate, and hold hands to say goodbye with tears in their eyes." The article of Jinge Temple: "go out of the three gates of Jinge temple and look for the mountains to the South".

After the prevalence of Zen, there were three temples. The first volume of the rules of chixiu Qinggui, holy festival (Dazheng 48.1113a), says: "on the first day of the construction, Tang Si prepared a list and opened it on the right side of Sanmen and the upper hall. The Scriptures were written in yellow paper." Volume 6 "daily use rules" (Dazheng 48.1145c): "after eating, you are not allowed to go out of Liaohe." In the book, the founder of the temple is called Kaishan, and other temples are called Zhushan, or Shanmen is used as the name of one temple and one mountain.

In addition, the meaning of "dwelling place" in the volume of Shi Shi Yao LAN explains the three gates (Dazheng 54.264a): "where there are three gates in a temple, only one gate can be called three gates? It is said that the Grand Palace and the three gates of liberation are the places to enter. The three liberation gates are called empty gate, Wuxiang gate and Wuzuo gate. Today's temple is to keep the precepts and practice Taoism, to seek Nirvana and to live in Nirvana

Address: Huayan Temple, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province

Longitude: 120.68112

Latitude: 36.205482

Chinese PinYin : Shan Men