Nandian Xuanfu Department

Nandian Xuanfu Department

Nandian Xuanfu department, located at 103 Nandian Road, Shadao Town, Lianghe County, was built in 1851, the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty. It is the most well preserved Tusi Yamen in Yunnan. It was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit on November 27, 1996. At present, it is the only unique national cultural relics protection unit in Dehong Prefecture. The national cultural relics department plans to make it a "special exhibition hall of Chinese Tusi system", so that the living fossil of Tusi system can be passed on to future generations forever. Follow the policy of "effective protection, rational utilization and strengthened management" to strengthen management and restoration.

On December 5, 2016, the National Tourism Administration announced that the Publicity Department of Nandian, a 4A scenic spot, was warned.

brief introduction

The Xuanfu department in Nandian is a Han style government office. It consists of 47 buildings and 149 houses, covering an area of 10625 square meters (about 10 mu of land). According to the level of Tusi government office, it is divided into court hall, reception hall, conference hall, main hall, back garden and five into four courtyards.

Architecture

The Xuanfu Department of Nandian, the earliest name of Lianghe in ancient times was the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, the military and civilian general manager's office of Nandian was set up. From then on, the name of Nandian began to be called. Why Nandian? In yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, our county was controlled by Tengyue prefecture (now Tengchong County). "Nan" refers to the south of Tengchong, and "dian" refers to the outskirts of Bazi, so it is called "Nandian".

Xuanfu envoys are the ruling institutions set up by the central government in the border areas in the feudal era. They are the second of the three kinds of chieftain level: Xuanfu envoys, Xuanfu envoys and appeasement envoys. Xuanfusi is a military officer. He has the power of life and death, which is equivalent to the local Tu emperor. The Xuanfu division of Nandian county has a rank of seven grades, that is, the position of county magistrate. However, under special circumstances, it can be promoted with the official rank. For example, it can be promoted with the official rank of the other party, such as receiving the superior or making friends with neighbors. The highest rank can be up to four grades, which is what the local people call "one grade higher than the official rank". Once in court, there is a Kirin screen, which is the symbol of the fourth grade official. The so-called department is the Yamen. In addition to the office, the Department also has accommodation and ancillary buildings. Dai language said: He Long Zhao FA Meng Di, which means Meng Di head of the big house.

The chieftain surnamed Gong was originally from Shangyuan County, yingtianfu, Nanjing. In 1301, the Emperor gave the surname Dao, so it was also called Dao Gong. In the first year of the Republic of China, the surname Gong was changed, and it was officially called Gong for more than four generations. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the ancestors of Dao family went to Yunnan with their division. They were granted Xuanfu envoys because of their war achievements. They settled here for 552 years from 1398 to May 1950. They were hereditary officials for 28 generations.

cell

The cell is a three Bay civil structure hut, built in situ simulation. Among them are the fire pool, bed and table of the night watchman and the totem couplet and incense burner symbolizing the God of prison. On the left is the place where the felons are. There are four sides of the fence. There are gateways for the prisoners to go in and out. There are four kinds of torture tools in the room, such as kajiao Fang, four Fang flail, fishtail flail and chain hand roast. On the right side of the house, there are no railings and instruments of torture.

Hatchback

Symmetrical two chamber building, right is the tea warehouse, left is the patrol room. The living and miscellaneous personnel include the private class. The pro Soldier class is composed of 16 people, one from each of the eight villages inside and outside the chieftain. They are mainly responsible for protecting the chieftain and serving the chieftain. Such as early meal, water, cleaning, etc. When the chieftain goes out, his soldiers are equipped with armed followers. In case of trial, they would stand on duty to help their prestige. Their salaries were borne by the military service villages. They were equivalent to the gendarmes in the period of the Republic of China. The tea storehouse is made up of two to four people. It supplies the tea needed by the Department. In addition, it serves as a gunner to salute and patrol.

Left wing of the second hospital

The left wing of the second courtyard is an official class house, which is equivalent to the present office. On the left is the armory, which is equivalent to the current Armed Forces Department. It is also known as the civil and military official office, and the armory is also known as the uniform room.

The soldiers who live upstairs to guard weapons must have military common sense. They are mainly responsible for buying guns and ammunition and repairing weapons. Long ago, chieftain's weapons were cold weapons such as knives, spears, sticks, bows and crossbows. After the Guangxu era, there were muskets, Jiuxiang guns and Hanyang Wuzi guns. By the end of the Republic of China, part of the Kuomintang expeditionary army had been left. At that time, there were 60 guns, heavy machine guns and rifles, which were enough to equip a regiment. (referring to the left family area) the place where modern houses are built is the big training ground of the Tusi family in the past. The left wing "belongs to the official class". They are composed of 12 zhaolang or Bolang and the office staff promoted by the chieftain. They are all highly respected people who take turns to be on duty in the Yamen. Sooner or later, they can accompany the Chieftain to dinner, assist the chieftain in handling civil lawsuits and receive guests.

Elephant building

As I said before, the majestic dayangmen gate is strictly forbidden for officials and women without taste. However, a pair of elephants can walk through it in a swagger, and someone specially carries their excrement and wipes their urine. It is said that the right wing building was originally the "three class room", that is, the place where the standing class, the roaring class and the Chengshen class lived. Later it was made into the elephant building. It is said that a long time ago, the wood of the first three courtyards was pulled by the couple elephants from Longtang village, more than 40 kilometers away. Because there were no means of transportation at that time, they were all rolled up by their noses, so they were "meritorious ministers" and favored by the chieftains. They were granted permission to enter the third courtyard to sleep with people through the dayangmen. It can be seen that elephants and peacocks were regarded as auspicious things in our frontier minority areas. This is a real example. They are closely related to human development.

There were three important matters of great significance in the chamber of the third house. 1、 Chieftain is the "chieftain leader", who often convenes other chieftain leaders to come here for alliance and discussion;

2、 In mid May 1950, Zhang Qi, Secretary of Lianghe, Yingjiang and Lianshan working committees and director of the Political Department of the 122 regiment, invited Gong Shou, Lianghe chieftain, Dao jingban, Yingjiang chieftain and Si Hongsheng, Lianshan chieftain, to hold a meeting here to discuss the establishment of administrative committees of all ethnic groups. There are still expensive historical photos in the exhibition hall. At this meeting, Gong Shou agreed to hand in the gun and reform the chieftain, but he didn't agree that the state government should be built in Lianghe. He said: "the location of Lianghe is too narrow for the state government to work in...". In fact, he was afraid that the national hall would make a comeback. The Communist Party is afraid that it will not be long. In addition, he did not want to hand over the Tusi government, which had been painstakingly managed for 28 generations, to the Communist Party.

Theater

On the left side of the room is a special room for the chieftains and their families to watch the opera, which looks like the box now. But men don't mix with women. In the old society, classes, old and young men and women, masters and servants and civilians were strictly divided. In the middle of the building are Tusi and Yintai, the seats for the left son and the right woman, the eaves of the side chamber are the official viewing area, and the ground is the common people viewing area. The four corners of the theater tower fly up. Although it is not very exquisite, it has its own characteristics. Dai opera is mainly composed of singing opera, and there are not many martial arts operas like other nationalities, so there is no need to have too large a stage.

In addition to watching plays, the right wing of the theater used to be a school. There are two schools in this Tusi compound, including children's school and civilian school. It was a private school run by the chieftain before the end of the Republic of China. Before liberation, chieftain attached great importance to education. There were two cousins who graduated from Waseda University in Japan. Outside the school is a large training ground that can accommodate more than a thousand people. Every year, chieftains have the habit of "frost training". Every time we practice, we will bring in all kinds of soldiers for 3-5 days to practice horse racing and archery.

The fourth hall is the most magnificent building in the Xuanfu Department of Nandian. It has invested the most financial and material resources in the whole building complex. The left is the study and the right is the accounting.

Accounting room

The accounting room is composed of a general manager and a deputy member, who is mainly responsible for the financial and grain revenue and expenditure of the Department. The daily necessities in the comprador department are in charge of general expenses, and the expenditure of major items must be approved by the chieftain. In addition, there is a granary with a specially assigned person to collect and release grain. There are a large scale, account book, measuring basket (Dai People's bamboo woven measuring bucket) and wooden bucket engraved with the word "Si Shu system". The study staff is composed of secretary, master and transcriber. He is specialized in transcribing, drafting manuscripts, arranging litigation files, managing manuscripts and various rent collection bills. The master has a high status. He can go out on behalf of the chieftain and have dinner with the chieftain. In 1950, it was the "Office of the administrative committee of all ethnic groups". In late October of the same year, Wei Yonghua, commander of the Lianghe garrison of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, he Youxian, deputy head of the Lianghe military and political delegation, and Qu Fusheng, a local staff member, negotiated with Gong Anzhou, plenipotentiary representative of Gong Tongzheng, the last chieftain. At that time, Gong Anzhou was the official of the last chieftain and the second commander-in-chief of the anti Communist army. On that day, the negotiation table was simplified, and a large black lacquer round table was set up with "Tuanjie brand" cigarettes and several plates of tea candy on the table. The contents of the negotiation are as follows: 1. On the issue of Nandian autonomy. 2、 On the rights and interests of Tusi. 3、 On the stationing of the PLA. 4、 On the issue of retaining the chieftain's own armed forces. 5、 On land reform and the struggle against hegemonism. Later, Gong Tongzheng not only refused to accept these five opinions, but also continued to harass all parts of the country with arms. Because of the ineffectiveness of the negotiations, the Chinese people's Liberation Army marched into radish dam on January 25, 1951 to suppress the bandits, and the anti Communist army was defeated. Gong Tongzheng led more than 60 close friends to flee to Myanmar through Longchuan. From then on, Lianghe was liberated completely, and more than 500 years of history was overthrown

Chinese PinYin : Nan Dian Xuan Fu Si Shu