Seaweed house

In Jiming Island, you will find many of the most original and seafood Jiaodong Peninsula dwellings - seaweed house. Its appearance is light earth color paste, looks a bit like thatched cottage, but the reality is different. Its roof is dried and pasted with seaweed from the bottom of the sea. In this way, it is quite solid and needs to be repaired only once in more than ten years. The house is warm in winter and cool in summer. In the past, only the wealthier families could afford such a house.

The existing seaweed houses are mainly distributed in Shidao, Lidao, chengshanwei, Gangxi and other coastal fishing villages in Weihai City, Shandong Province, but the number is very small, and now it is difficult to rebuild, because seaweed is hard to find, and the people who know how to build seaweed houses are still in their eighties, so the real intangible cultural heritage of seaweed houses is about to be lost. If you plan to stay on the island for one night, don't miss the chance to live in the sea cottage.

Seaweed house

On the walls of the original stone or brick and stone houses, there is a high ridge, on which is a wonderful roof with fluffy texture and tight fishing nets. This is a folk house with local characteristics -- seaweed house

. When you walk into the fishing villages in Jiaodong area of Shandong Province, you can see these folk houses with stone walls and seaweed roofs, which are simple and thick in appearance, and have local characteristics, just like thatched cottages in a fairy tale world.

Introduction to seaweed house

The top of the seaweed house is covered with special kelp grass. It's piled like a pile. It's light brown with gray color. It's simple with deep temperament. There used to be a large number of such residential villages on the offshore edge of Jiaodong Peninsula. This is what the local fishermen used to call "seaweed house".

characteristic

The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of China has issued a series of stamps with the theme of local characteristic houses. On the stamps of Shandong folk houses, what people see is a unique house: on the walls of the houses built with original stones or bricks and stones, there is a high ridge, on which is a wonderful roof with fluffy texture and tight fishing nets. This is a folk house with local characteristics - seaweed house. When you walk into the fishing villages in Shandong Province, you can see these folk houses with stone walls and seaweed tops. They are simple, thick and clumsy in appearance, and have local characteristics, just like thatched cottages in a fairy tale world.

distribution

Seaweed house is one of the most representative ecological dwellings in the world. It is mainly distributed in Weihai, Yantai, Qingdao and other coastal areas of Jiaodong Peninsula, especially in Rongcheng area. According to textual research, seaweed house gradually formed from Qin and Han Dynasties to song and Jin Dynasties and spread widely in Jiaodong Peninsula. In yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it entered a period of prosperity.

present situation

At present, more than 20 seaweed houses with a history of more than 200 years have been preserved in Weiwei village, West town of Rongcheng port. In the southern part of ningjinsuo village, Ningjin Town, haicaofeng street, which was founded in Ming Dynasty, is still preserved. The shady slopes on the roofs of seaweed houses, which have gone through countless storms and covered with moss, confirm the long history and show people the massiness and durability of seaweed houses.

Environmental Science

Rongcheng is located in the coastal area. It is rainy and humid in summer and snowy and cold in winter. Under this special geographical location and climate conditions, the residential buildings mainly consider keeping warm and cold in winter, avoiding rain and sun in summer. Therefore, according to the unique architectural experience accumulated in long-term life, the intelligent local residents build walls with thick stones and cover the roof with seaweed after drying Build seaweed houses.

building material

The seaweed used to build seaweed house is not ordinary seaweed, but wild algae such as big leaf seaweed growing in 5-10 meters shallow water. Seaweed is green when it is fresh, and turns purple brown when it is dried. It is very flexible. Many seaweeds like this grew in Rongcheng and other coastal areas in those years. Seaweed itself has a good difference. According to the introduction, old seaweed is more durable than tender seaweed, while winter and spring seaweed are stronger than summer seaweed. Seagrass grows to a certain height in spring and withers in autumn all the year round. When it encounters strong winds and waves, the sea tide will roll it to the shore. Coastal people generally who want to build a house, will go to the seaside to collect seaweed in advance. The seaweed is salvaged, dried and used when building a house. Because the seaweed growing in the sea contains a lot of halogen and gum, the thick roof covered with seaweed is not only moth proof, mildew proof and not easy to burn, but also has the advantages of warm in winter and cool in summer, comfortable living and not destroyed for a hundred years, which is deeply loved by local residents.

The key step to build a thatched cottage is to cover the roof with seaweed, so the local people also call it "thatched cottage". In fact, the principle of thatched house has something in common with building tile house and installing tile. It's just that seaweed is used to cover the house from bottom to top. The quality of a seaweed house and the length of its service time mainly depend on whether the seaweed house is well covered. Because as long as the house does not leak, the wall is very difficult to fall down, can always live. To this end, people generally ask those experienced "tarpaulin" from generation to generation to help build seaweed houses. It is said that it takes three or four people more than ten days to build a seaweed house.

In addition to seaweed, some wheat straw is also mixed in the roofing materials. When the house is covered with seaweed, a layer of wheat straw should be added to cover each layer of seaweed, which makes it more solid. Only because the seaweed is longer, the wheat straw is completely covered. In order to resist the strong wind, the roof of the seaweed house has to be covered with a thicker layer of seaweed, and there are also some others covered with a layer of tiles, which is commonly known as "ridge pressing". Because according to the principle, as long as the top layer is not blown off by the wind, the bottom layer will not be blown off. The ridge of the roof is inclined to the left and right at an angle of 50 degrees. The thickest part of the seaweed covered is up to 4 meters. The seaweed used to build a seaweed house is often more than 5000 kg.

Architectural style

Layout and appearance

The layout of seagrass house is closely related to the geographical and climatic conditions, folk customs and living habits of Jiaodong. Jiaodong Peninsula is a mountainous and hilly area. Coastal residents mostly choose sunny slope, sea and gentle terrain to build houses. Due to the tight base, the density of seagrass houses in the village is large, the courtyard is narrow, and the street is narrow. Most villages are arranged in strips along the hillside. Seaweed room has three courtyard, four courtyard, main courtyard and other styles. Each farmhouse is mostly a courtyard or a courtyard. The courtyard is composed of the main room in the north, the wing rooms in the East and West, and the courtyard wall in the south. The other parts of siheyuan are the same as those of Sanheyuan, except that the walls of siheyuan are changed to inverted seats.

modelling

The shape and color of seaweed house convey rich aesthetic information, which is the embodiment of Jiaodong architectural art. Seaweed house uses seaweed as roof material and stone (partly with green brick) as wall. The traditional seaweed house's exterior wall is mostly made of large natural stones. The stones are not neat and square, but square with the garden. Some fastidious people also carve out wood leaves or Yuanbao patterns on the surface of stones, giving people a rough but not rough feeling. The gray brown seaweed is covered with a herringbone sloping roof with an angle of 50 degrees. The ridge height of the thick and towering seaweed house is twice that of the ordinary brick house. With the saddle shaped ridge made of yellow mud, it is more simple and stable against the background of blue sky, blue sea and green trees. As a result, seaweed houses are favored by many tourists, painters and photographers.

Materials

The materials needed for covering seagrass roof include: mountain grass, seagrass and wheat straw. Mountain grass is a kind of plant similar to reed, which has strong waterproof ability. Kelp is a kind of wild algae growing in shallow water. It is suitable for growing in the sea area of five to ten meters deep. It is prosperous in spring and withers in autumn. It is about two millimeters wide after drying. It is very light, soft and brown. Because it contains a lot of halogen and colloid, the surface of dried seaweed presents some silver white substance like dots, which is called "silver filings" in Jiaodong. It is better to have silver filings on seaweed, and seaweed with more silver filings is more resistant to rot. in winter, the most silver filings are from November to January.

technology

The roof of the seaweed house is supported by an equilateral triangular wooden roof frame, and the mountain surface is supported by the wall. The roof truss is set according to the Bay, which is much higher than the tile house. The last process of building the roof is thatched roof, which is also the most technical work, and all rely on hand.

The seagrass roof needs to be covered with four layers. The bottom layer is the mountain grass as the slope grass, and the top layer is the seagrass, then the wheat straw, and the outermost layer is the mixture of mountain grass, sea grass and wheat straw. It should be noted that good quality seaweed does not need to be mixed with mountain grass, and poor seaweed needs to be mixed with mountain grass. The grass material is covered from the eaves on both sides and laid to the ridge top in turn. Each layer is only exposed about 10 cm. From the bottom of the eaves, each layer is about 89 cm thick and gradually thickened upward. The seaweed at both ends of the ridge is covered higher than the center, and chamfered to the mountain surface. The top of the roof is covered with mud seaweed to form an obvious curve.

The greater the slope of the roof, the easier it is to drain and the more resistant it is to corrosion. At the same time, the steeper the slope is, the more seagrass is needed and the less wheat grass is needed. Usually, a roof needs tens of thousands of catties of seaweed, mountain grass and wheat straw, and it takes more than a month for a craftsman to cover a seaweed roof. In the fishing villages by the sea or on the island, the fishermen cover the old fishing nets on the grass roof, which can play the role of windproof, bird proof and anti-theft. At the same time, it also makes the sea cottage more characteristic of fishermen.

Ecological characteristics

In Jiaodong coastal area, it is rainy and humid in summer, snowy and cold in winter, and the wind speed is high. Due to the good integrity of the seaweed roof, the laminated seaweed does not need any bonding

Chinese PinYin : Hai Cao Fang