Malan Village

Malan is located between Mashui and Tanshui in the south of Yangchun. It is full of idyllic and beautiful "Malan scenery". It has a vast karst landform, surrounded by stone mountains, overlapping peaks, beautiful peaks, spectacular scenery, poetic and picturesque. With its simple folk customs, it conveys the humanistic style of "Baili Gallery, ink Yangchun".

Malan Village

synonym

Malan Village (under the jurisdiction of Zhaitang town, Mentougou District, Beijing) generally refers to Malan Village (under the jurisdiction of Zhaitang town, Mentougou District, Beijing)

Malan village, also known as "Malan village", is named after the place where horses were put in the Ming Dynasty. It is a traditional Chinese village under the jurisdiction of Zhaitang town, Mentougou District, Beijing. It is located in the back of Taihang Mountain, covering an area of 16.34 square kilometers.

Malan village is built according to the mountain situation, with the Longwang temple as the center. Restricted by the terrain, Malan village develops along the mountain in a belt shape. It is a rare village gradually developed along the water street in the north. The village is located on the South Bank of Qingshui River, with complex terrain, large elevation difference, unsystematic roads, and slightly square settlements. Malan Valley is one of the main valleys of Qingshui River. Malan village is known as "the first red village in West Beijing" because of the former site of Jire Chahar headquarters LED by General Xiao Ke and general Deng Hua.

On August 26, 2013, Malan village was announced as the second batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance.

Village history

Malan village was built in the Yuan Dynasty with a history of more than 700 years,

In the Ming Dynasty, Malan village belongs to Wanping County, shuntianfu. It is the place where horses are put, so it is called Malan.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there were eight horse officials who raised and managed horses.

In Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, he moved to Malan village of Guichuan to settle down.

On November 7, 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Jire Chahar military region.

In February 1938, General Xiao Ke set up the jirecha group in Zhaitang.

In March 1938, the Communist Party of China established the Anti Japanese democratic government of Wanping county with zhaitangchuan as the center and the first party branch of Malan village in the west of Mentougou District.

In October 1939, Ji re Cha entered the headquarters and other departments and units, such as the clothing factory, the gun repair center, and the medical center, entered Malan village.

geographical environment

Location context

Malan village is subordinate to Zhaitang town, Mentougou District, Beijing. It is located in the foot of Taihang Mountain. It is 4km away from dongzhaitang Town, the seat of Zhaitang town government, 6km away from 109 National Highway, and covers an area of 16.34km2.

 

Geology and geomorphology

Malan village is located in Taihang Mountains. The mountain area is dominated by ravine ecological environment, with thousands of ravines. The main ravines are Liyuan ravine, Changyu ravine, Luoban ravine, Shuihu ravine, Tayuan ravine, taicao mine, luoziyu, etc. The rocks in Malan village are volcanic rocks. There are two geological phenomena concerned by the world geological circles: one is malantai formed by the accumulation of Baihua Mountain glacial period, that is, the Zhaitang small plain with a scale of about 200000 square meters, which is a natural geological museum with unique geological value; the other is Malan Loess formed in the late Pleistocene about 30000 years ago, It is the Loess terrace near Malan village, which is recognized as the standard stratum of Quaternary loess accumulation by geologists.

 

vegetation

Malan village has 98% forest coverage and abundant plant resources. There are 708 species of plants belonging to 100 families, including rare lacquer trees in Beijing.

 

climate

Malan village has an average annual temperature of 9-10 ℃ and annual precipitation of more than 700 mm.

 

Animal resources

There are more than 700 kinds of animals in Malan village, including leopard, roe deer, pheasant, fox, Qingyang, badger, magpie, pigeon, etc.

 

Village pattern

Site selection concept

Malan village is located in Taihang Mountains, surrounded by mountains, near Zhaitang reservoir in the north, overlooking xidamo natural scenic spot in the west, and separated from shuanglongxia natural scenic spot in the East. The site selection has a typical favorable pattern with reliable mountains behind and water in front.

 

spatial distribution

Malan village's historical streets and alleys make use of the hierarchical and three-dimensional nature of the mountain itself, integrate with the mountain, and develop freely. With the ups and downs of the terrain, the spatial levels of the streets and alleys are also enriched. The overall preservation of the status quo of the streets and alleys is good, and they are arranged in branches. The overall scale and trend continue the historical pattern. The pavement forms are mostly paved with broken stone slabs, and the roads leading to historical buildings are inlaid with red bricks Road signs, unique.

 

Architectural features

Influenced by the culture of the capital, Malan village's traditional architecture is of Beijing style in terms of overall architectural form, continuing the architectural characteristics of traditional dwellings in the north, with simple and elegant colors.

 

Economic society

population

According to the official website of the March 2020 Digital Museum of China's traditional villages, the Malan village is mainly Han, with a registered residence of 837 people and a permanent population of 550.

 

Economics

According to the official website of Digital Museum of traditional Chinese villages in March 2020, the annual collective income of Malan village is 33.16 million yuan, and the average annual income of villagers is 13142 yuan.

 

Main attractions

Malan Forest Park

Malan Forest Park is built on the basis of Malan Forest Farm. It was designated as a municipal forest park by Beijing Municipal People's Government on June 9, 1999. It's 70 kilometers away from the city. The total operating area is 5799 mu, and the highest peak laolongwo is 1646 meters above sea level. In the forest park, from foyeding to laolongwo, there is an alpine meadow with flowers blooming in spring, summer and autumn, and the sunrise can be observed at the peak. Shuihugang has a large and small Longtan, rocky, perennial water, waterfalls overlap, very spectacular. The stone man, stone toad and movable stone in the valley are very interesting, and the towering trees are neat and beautiful. At the same time, the park is the hub leading to Lingshan, Baihua Mountain, Longmen stream, Pearl Lake and other scenic spots.

 

 

Longwang Guanyin Temple

Longwang Guanyin temple was first built in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. It was rebuilt in the Chenghua and Jiaqing periods of the Ming Dynasty. It is a Buddhist building. People call it Longwang temple or grand temple. There is a detailed record in the miscellaneous records of Wan family: "the Longwang Guanyin temple was built in the middle of the first dynasty. It was formerly known as the Longwang temple. In the year of Chenghua, the villager Yu Zhongquan rebuilt it. In the third year of Jiajing (1524), it was renamed today. Now only the main hall of Zen is left.

 

Longwang Guanyin temple is a cultural relic protection unit in Mentougou District of Beijing.

 

The former site of the headquarters

The former site of the headquarters is now an exhibition hall, with an area of 240 square meters and six exhibition rooms. In order to restore the original appearance of the headquarters, the preface hall mainly displays the eight immortals table, Taishi chair, filing cabinet, filing cabinet and other objects; the first exhibition room displays the composition of marching forward; the second exhibition room displays the heroic Malan village; the third exhibition room displays the heroic Malan village in the first half and the fish and water in the second half; the fourth exhibition room still displays the fish and water in the first half; the third exhibition room displays the heroic Malan village and the fish and water in the second half Exhibition room 5 shows the general of the Republic.

 

In 1981, the Mentougou District government announced that the former site of Jire Chahar headquarters was the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Mentougou District.

 

In 1995, the Beijing municipal government announced that the former site of Jire Chahar headquarters was the fifth batch of cultural relics protection units.

 

 

In 1997, villagers in Malan village renovated the courtyard where the former headquarters was located and built the exhibition hall of the former headquarters, which was opened free of charge. It's the first exhibition hall in Beijing that farmers raised money to build, and it's also the first village level Anti Japanese War Memorial Hall in China.

 

Shauk's former residence

In 1939, after the headquarters was set up in Malan, general shauk lived and rested here. The former residence has been used as the exhibition room of village history in Malan village, which is regularly maintained and well preserved.

 

Ancient stage

The main hall of the ancient stage is built opposite to each other. It is three rooms wide and one room deep. It faces south and is built on a 1.4-meter-high platform. On June 26, 1942, leader Lai Ye of the Japanese Army led more than 100 people to defend Malan and pressed the families of the elderly, women and children who had not yet been transferred to fight against Japan. 63 year old Zhang Lanzhu came forward and said, "I am the family member of a Communist cadre and have nothing to do with the common people." after that, he died under Lai Ye's knife and the Japanese army seized more than 40 people And set fire to more than 60 houses. This matter is called "Malan incident" by later generations.

 

History and culture

Historical celebrities

Xiao Ke was born in 1908 in Jiahe, Hunan Province. He took part in the Northern Expedition and Nanchang Uprising, and took part in the establishment of Jinggangshan base. At the age of 25, he became the commander of the army. At the age of 27, he led the sixth Red Army to march westward, which opened the prelude of the long march. At the age of 29, he was officially appointed as the deputy commander of the second front army of the Red Army. At the age of 30, he led the Eighth Route Army to Peking and established the base behind the enemy

Chinese PinYin : Ma Lan Cun