baiju monastery

Built at the beginning of the 15th century, Baiju temple is a temple with three major sects of Tibetan Buddhism: Sakya, Kadang and Gelu. Tibetan abbreviation "ban Kuo De Qing" means "auspicious wheel Da Le Temple".

baiju monastery

Baiju temple, known as "bankuqude" in Tibetan, means "Jixiang lundalie Temple". It is located in Jiangzi Town, Gyangze County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region. It is surrounded by mountains in the south, North and East. The temple is surrounded by water on all sides, about 230 kilometers south of Lhasa and more than 100 kilometers east of Shigatse, with an altitude of 3900 meters. It is a monastery where Sakya, Xialu and Gelu sects coexist.

Baiju temple was built in 1427, which took 10 years to complete. It is a typical Tibetan Buddhist temple building with a combination of pagoda and temple. There are temples in the pagoda and pagodas in the temple. The pagodas are natural and complement each other. Its architecture fully represents the typical style of temple architecture in post Tibetan areas from the end of the 13th century to the middle of the 15th century.

In 1998, Baiju temple was listed as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

Baiju temple is composed of four building units: temple, auspicious Duomen tower, ZHACANG and enclosure.

Baiju temple was built by raodangsangpa and kezhujie in the first half of the 15th century (1418-1436). Kezhujie (1386-1438) studied Buddhism with Sakya sect rendawa and other eminent monks in his early years, and soon became a master of Buddhism who was proficient in the five Ming Dynasties. In 1413, Rao Dan gongsangpa (1389-1442) invited Ke Zhujie to take charge of the educational affairs in Gyangze in order to spread Buddhism in Gyangze. He also opened up the Gyangze manor and the upper castle for the construction of temples. The construction started in 1418 and was completed in 1425. The temple is a three story Tibetan building with a flat top. The plan of the temple is a model of Mandala. It is composed of the main hall, Fawang hall, Dharma protection temple, Jin Gangjie hall, Luohan hall, Daoguo hall, Wuliang palace, zhuanjing corridor and other buildings.

In 1904, during the second British invasion of Tibet, the British army captured the Baiju temple after they occupied the mount Gyangze. The British army who occupied the Baiju Temple robbed a large number of cultural relics and scriptures, and changed the Buddhist hall into a canteen, and drove nails on the scripture drum into a food conveyor belt. After the battle, the British army slaughtered many Tibetan people and occupied the whole Gyangze.

On February 26, 1957, the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region held a banquet to celebrate the Tibetan Turkey year. On March 2 of the same year, Tibetans in Beijing celebrated the Tibetan Turkey year and went to Zhongnanhai qinzhengdian to pay New Year's greetings to Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. The 14th Dalai Lama and the 10th Panchen Lama took part in the celebrations of the Tibetan New Year at Baiju temple in Gyangze and zhashlunbu temple in Shigatse, respectively.

Before the democratic reform in 1959, there were more than 1500 monks in Baiju temple, who were presided over and managed by Gelug monks. The general Kanbu of Baiju temple was dispatched by the village of zangbakang in sera temple. In 1977, the state allocated special funds for the comprehensive maintenance of Baiju temple. The restoration was opened in December 1979.

In 1998, it was listed as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

At the beginning of the 21st century, the government approved the establishment of 80 monks in Baiju temple, including 40 from Gelug, 20 from Sakya and 20 from Xialu; there are 76 monks, including 43 from Gelug, 21 from Sakya and 12 from Xialu.

Architectural pattern

Bai Juta

Baijuta, also known as the "relief tower of seeing and hearing", is the most magnificent and beautiful architectural treasure well preserved in Tibet. It was built in 1414 and took ten years to complete. The tower is 9 stories high and 42.4 meters high. It is composed of tower base, tower belly, covered basin and tower building.

The tower base covers an area of 2200 square meters. It is octagonal in four sides and has five floors. It has bright lines, unique style and solemn stability. There are 20 Buddha halls at the bottom of the tower, namely: Falun hall, molizhitian hall, Vajrayana hall, Qingjing hall, huizha hall, Jingtu hall, yeyi Buddha mother hall, Matou Mingwang hall, Buduo Mingwang hall, Xingyao Buddha mother hall, burning lamp Buddha Hall, Zenglu Buddha mother hall, Zhili Dharma protection Hall, Dali Mingwang hall, zhuangtingbangyan Buddha mother hall, Douli palace, Duowen heaven hall, badajiao palace, Dharma protection temple, Zun temple There are four Buddha halls on the fifth floor, namely, Wuliang palace in the north, West, South and East.

The top of the tower is a cone wrapped in copper sheet. There are 108 doors and 76 Buddha halls. The lintel is decorated with exquisitely carved reliefs of elephants, lions and flying dragons. There are more than 100000 Buddha statues and nearly 1000 murals in it, so it is also called "100000 Buddha pagoda".

There is also a small Buddha Hall in the middle of the pagoda and bottle. The lintels on all sides are painted with the eye of Shiva, which is 3 meters long. The statues in the pagoda are exquisite: there is a tall Buddha III in the 6-storey Buddha Hall, which is solemn and quiet. On both sides of the hall are statues of disciples with bare chests and arms, bent waist, wearing Yingluo and colored ribbons around their waists; on the fifth floor are clay statues of patriarch, sitting cross legged and kind-hearted, giving people a sense of tenderness; on the fifth floor and below, the murals and clay statues in the hall are dominated by the fierce and hateful Vajra Dharma protector, but there are also graceful and kind-hearted Tara statues, forming a sharp contrast. In a word, the auspicious Duomen pagoda is magnificent, which echoes with Baiju temple. There are pagodas in the temple, and there are temples in the pagoda. It complements each other. It is a model of mutual reflection of temples and pagodas in Tibet from the 13th to the 15th century. It is also the only religious Art Museum integrating architecture, painting and sculpture in China.

One hundred thousand pagodas

In Baiju temple, there is the famous Baiju pagoda, which is called "Bodhi pagoda". The tower is called "ban Kou Qu Dian" in Tibetan, and the running water is the Nianchu River in Xigaze area. Baiju temple was first built in 1418 by rebudan gongsangpa and Panchen I kezhujie. The Baiju pagoda beside Baiju temple has the reputation of "100000 pagodas". It is because of this pagoda that Baiju temple is particularly charming. This is not an ordinary pagoda The nine storey tower, 42.2 meters high, has 76 Buddhist temples, 108 doors, shrines and Sutra halls. It is a unique treasure in the history of Chinese architecture. There are more than 100000 Buddha statues in the hall, so it is named 100000 Buddha pagoda. There are more than 1000 clay, copper and gold Buddha statues in the tower, which can be called the Buddha Museum. From the entrance to the west of the tower, you can go up the stairs to the top of the tower. If you can't find the stairs to go up, you'd better go around. Some of them are really hidden.

Tsoqin Hall

The tsochin hall is three stories high. Bottom floor of tsoqin Hall: the bottom floor is mainly the Sutra hall, with 48 columns on which many ancient Silk Tangka are hung. On the left wall of the north side of the hall is an 8-meter-high bronze statue of Sakyamuni, which is said to be made of 14000 kg of brass; on the north side is the main hall of juekang, which is dedicated to the bronze statue of Buddha III. On both sides of the hall are the East and West pure land halls. The statues in the hall are of different styles, integrating the artistic styles of Sakya sect, Gelu sect and Kaju sect of Tibetan Buddhism. The second floor of tsoqin Hall: the second floor is mainly the laki hall, where the highest level "laki meeting" of Baiju temple was held. There are several Buddhist temples around the hall. In the north of Luohan hall, there is a cliff of kuxingshan, on which there are small temples, birds, animals and 18 statues of Luohan. The third floor of the tsoqin Hall: the third floor is mainly chayerakan, in which there are murals of mandala and a lotus caisson of Liuling. There are many Buddhist statues, thangkas, murals, magic implements, Buddhist scriptures and other cultural relics in the temple, including the Tripitaka written in gold powder, each with 111 volumes, and about 100 Tibetan opera costumes made of silk tapestry, embroidery, brocade and other silk fabrics produced in the mainland of China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Auspicious Duomen tower

The auspicious Duomen pagoda is also known as the "one hundred thousand seeing and hearing liberation pagoda", referred to as the "White Pagoda", also known as the "white residence pagoda". The tower was built in 1414. It took ten years to complete and consumed more than one million man days. The tower is 9 stories high and 42.4 meters high. It is composed of tower building, covered basin, tower belly and tower base. The whole tower is small on the top and large on the bottom. It has 108 doors and 76 Buddha halls. The lintel is decorated with exquisite relief of flying dragon, elephant and lion. There are various Buddha statues in the hall, including more than 100000 Buddha statues and nearly 1000 murals. Therefore, the tower is also called "100000 Buddha pagoda". The pagoda and Baiju temple are the models of the pagodas in Tibet from the 13th to the 15th century. According to legend, the pagoda was built according to the tongzhuoqinmo pagoda of juenong temple.

Other buildings

Zacang, Buddha Hall and other buildings are centered on the tsoqin hall and the auspicious Duomen tower, and there are many zacang and Buddha Hall and other buildings: Cuba zacang, qingeluozacang, luobuganzacang, dewajinzacang, saigongzacang, sigang Maza Cang, rendingzacang, dungeluozacang, lagangzacang, jiebujiuzacang, ongkazacang, sinaizacang, liezhuzacang, changmicheza Cang, Kangxi There are 17 ZHACANG, such as sazhacang, lawuzhacang, xiaqinbazacang, and other Buddhist temples, such as Malin, Rongkang, Ganden, Kaiju, bajiu, as well as monk's residence, Zhaha and other buildings. The general layout is oval. Among the ZHACANG, luobuganzacang, changmichezacang and lagangzacang are the earliest, while rendingzhacang, sinaizacang, sizangwang mazacang and qingeluozacang are the largest. The 17 zacangs belong to Gelug Sect, Xialu sect and Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism

Chinese PinYin : Bai Ju Si