Jueyuan Temple

Jueyuan Temple

Jueyuan temple, located in xiwulian Town, Jiange County, Sichuan Province, is 43 kilometers away from the county seat. It is adjacent to Xihe River in front of it. Sichuan Shaanxi highway of 108 National Highway passes through the hillside of Wuhou slope in the northeast of Jueyuan temple.

Jueyuan temple was first built in Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty and was named Hongji temple. It was granted Jueyuan temple in Yuanfeng period of Song Dynasty. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, some temples were destroyed. In the early years of Tianshun (1457), Seng Jingzhi and Tu Daofang came here to rebuild the temple, remodel the Buddha statues, draw the Sutra on the four walls of Daxiong hall, and renamed Puji temple. In the early years of Kangxi (1662), the temple was restored to Jueyuan temple after maintenance.

On June 25, 2001, Jueyuan temple, as an ancient building of Ming Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Composition and main buildings

Jueyuan temple has three halls and two side halls, with the main body of Daxiong hall, the front of Tianwang hall and the back of Guanyin hall. They are all built on the same axis. The East and West halls are symmetrically arranged, with a total construction area of 1957 square meters. The temple sits north to south, majestic and solemn.

main hall

It was restored in the Ming Dynasty. The single eaves roof with wooden structure was built close to the square plane layout. Horizontally, the roof truss was supported by 10.85 meters long lifting beams, and vertically, the roof truss was supported by 8 meters long lifting beams. The hall formed a well shaped space with a length of 10.85 meters and a width of 8 meters, which was spacious and magnificent.

Tianwang Hall

It was rebuilt in 1932. It has a timber structure with double eaves, a Xieshan roof, a small green tile roof and a beam lifting frame. It has a surface width of 25 meters for five rooms, a depth of 12.4 meters for three rooms, a general height of 12 meters, a plain platform foundation of 0.6 meters, and a three-stage stepped footpath. On the first floor of the hall, the original clay sculptures, such as the king of heaven, were painted with fairy tales, but unfortunately they were destroyed in the cultural revolution.

Buddism godness Guanyin Temple

It was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. It has a single eaves Xieshan style small green tile roof, a beam type roof truss, without a bucket arch. There are ten rafters. The front and back of the house are lined with six columns. The width of the five rooms is 21.5 meters, the depth of the five rooms is 13.8 meters, the height is 7.9 meters, and the height of the plain platform is 1.5 meters. In 1986, the statue of Guanyin was rebuilt in the main hall, with Luyou hall on the left and Weizheng hall on the right.

main hall

Buddha statue

As soon as you enter the main hall, you can look up to three Buddha statues, which are 2.95 meters high. According to the existing Ming Dynasty stone incense burner inscriptions in front of the niche, the three Buddha statues are all Buddha statues with Sakyamuni's golden body, that is, Buddha, Dharma and monk's "three treasures in one". He is a Buddha in the middle. He has a plump face, a cassock, a bare chest and an open elbow. He sits down with his hands folded. He is solemn and kind. On the right is the Dharma, on the left is the monk. They don't show their teeth with smile, and they don't raise their eyebrows with strictness. Their palms and clothes are the same as those of the Chinese Buddhas. The three Buddhas are on the back of the screen. They are made of wood and clay. They are made of five Buddhas, bodhi trees, dragons, phoenixes, green birds, sun and other mascots.

The Buddha's left attendant is Li JIAYE, and his right attendant is Ananda, with a dignified and solemn manner. Behind the Buddha, there is a statue of Amitabha Buddha, which is steady, dignified and full of skin. On it are statues of Guanyin, Manjusri, Puxian, etc., with different shapes and full of interest.

Stone carvings on censers

On the stone censer in front of the Great Buddha niche, in various sculptures with the contents of "arhat meditation", "Jiyue Baixi" and "chess appreciation painting", the figures in deep relief are natural and vivid no matter sitting, lying, speaking, singing, watching and playing. The statue of Luxi carved on the lower part of the top cover of the stove is even more exquisite. They bend their arms, lift them up with force, squat their legs back and forth slightly, their eyes are wide open, and their arms, forehead and neck muscles are bulging, which is lifelike. In front of the niche, there is a log on the left and right, and the dragon on the pillar is twining, if it is ready to fly. On the right, he opens his teeth and claws, and his eyes are glaring; on the left, he closes his mouth and focuses his attention. Shancai and Longnv each hold a dragon drop and stand at the dragon's head.

mural

In the main hall, there are 24 statues of gods on the left and right. They are round carvings made of camphor wood in the Ming Dynasty, one meter high, standing on the auspicious clouds. The statues are both civil and military. They are different in men and women. They have distinct personalities, and their posture and clothing are not the same. The statues in the hall are painted with colored lacquer, painted with stone powder and pasted with metallographic materials. According to the character, temperament and identity of different characters, they are painted with colors to make the statues look gorgeous. Because of the use of a large area of painting, although after hundreds of years of history, still brilliant, resplendent. The "frescoes of Buddhism" in the hall are even more amazing. The exquisite murals, with a wide range of contents, are valuable for the study of Chinese painting art. Moreover, it has important reference value for the study of military, sports, medicine, clothing, architecture, literature and art, and it is also a rare precious material for the study of our social customs.

mural

It is on the wall of 3.5 meters high inside the main hall. The painter's exquisite sixteen shops. More than 200 color paintings of the story of Buddha. Each mural is titled with four character ink calligraphy. At the end of the painting is the portrait of Jingzhi, the abbot of the temple, and his disciple Daofang. With a total area of more than 170 square meters, it was painted by folk artists after the reconstruction of the main hall in the early years of Tianshun (1457 A.D.).

content

The content of the mural begins with the title of "a dream of moyetoh". It is about the birth of a baby named Gautama Siddhartha on the 8th of April in the 24th year (546 B.C.) of the kingdom of gabirah (now in Nepal). He is excellent at martial arts, intelligent and versatile. In order to get rid of human suffering, Siddhartha became a monk. His Dharma name was "Bodhisattva Chui", abbreviated to "Bodhisattva". In the ascetic forest, sitting under the bodhi tree, the wind and rain did not rise, and finally became a Buddha. When he was 35 years old, he began to turn Falun in yeluyuan (today's boronai city), preaching scriptures and preaching to all living beings. Sakyamuni was nirvana in 486 BC. His life, 80 years in the world, said 300 times, opened the door of limitless law, crossing limitless beings. "Sakyamuni" means "sage of Sakyamuni".

The author's guess

Which painter is responsible for the exquisite murals with such rich literary stories? A legend says: more than a thousand years ago, after the completion of the construction of the Mahatma hall, the Kaiguang Taoist temple was held ceremoniously. The cigarettes were misty and the bells were ringing together. Everything was like the Buddha's will. Only the four walls were empty. The mood of the host was not over. So he asked the painter to draw the story mural of the biography of Buddha, but who would hold the pen? Wu Daozi, who is touring in Shu, was invited to write at the suggestion of scholars in Wulian. So he invited Wu Daozi to have a special feast for his fasting. As time went by, Wu Sheng didn't do it. The host was very anxious. He adjusted dozens of pots of various colors and scaffolding. When everything was ready, he went to urge Wu Sheng. On the seventh day of April, the Buddha's birthday is coming. The four walls are still empty, and the monks have nothing to do. However, the next morning when the middle gate was opened, the four walls were brilliant. The whole story of the biography of Buddha was completed in one night, but the painting Saint Wu Daozi disappeared.

Painting style

It is true that the murals of Jueyuan Temple belong to Wu Daozi's painting style and have obvious local characteristics. The overall composition is rigorous, and it's done in one go. The pictures are separated only by mountains, water, clouds, trees and houses. They are connected from top to bottom. They are very storytelling and can be called a classic comic. The picture is meticulous and grand, the shape is beautiful, the pen is skillful, and the color is elegant and rich. In the aspect of drawing, fine brushwork is used to depict the delicate emotions of the characters' faces. The exquisite murals can be called the best. Since ancient times, many poets have come to Jueyuan temple to visit and enjoy the art of wall painting.

Modern evaluation and protection

In May 1986, after visiting the murals, Shao Yu, a famous painter, said with deep emotion: "the painting technique is very high. It's the best mural I've seen in the Ming Dynasty. The murals here are already on top of the painters Qiu Ying and Tang Yin. If the author is a folk artist, he is also a great painter with high attainments. " Huang Xiang, a famous photographer, visited the murals and wrote "the Pearl of Shu Road". The provincial department in charge of culture has allocated funds for maintenance three times. In 1985, Mr. Wang kuanqing, President of the Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce, donated 70000 yuan to repair and protect the murals. The provincial council of cultural administration sent experts to formulate the maintenance plan, using scientific methods to uncover and repair the cracks, which relieved the danger and preserved the original appearance of the mural.

Address: Wulian Town, Jiange County, Sichuan Province

Longitude: 105.27642454245

Latitude: 31.884881329204

Chinese PinYin : Jiao Yuan Si