Tomb of martyrs in Huanghuagang

Cemetery of 72 martyrs in Huanghuagang

synonym

The tomb of martyrs in Huanghuagang generally refers to the cemetery of martyrs 72 in Huanghuagang

Huanghuagang 72 martyrs cemetery, also known as Huanghuagang Park, is located in the middle road of martyrs at the south foot of Baiyun Mountain, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. It was built to commemorate the martyrs who died in the March 29 uprising of Guangzhou led by Sun Yat Sen on April 27, 1911 (March 29, 1911).

Huanghuagang 72 martyrs cemetery is an important witness of Guangzhou as the birthplace of modern revolution. It is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was changed into a memorial park.

In September 2016, it was selected into the "first batch of Chinese 20th century architectural heritage" list.

In December 2016, the cemetery of the 72 martyrs in Huanghuagang was selected into the list of national red tourist attractions.

historical background

In May 1907, after the failure of Huanggang uprising, he Ziyuan and other leaders immediately returned to Meizhou. Soon after, the identities of Xiao Huichang, Jiang Baijian, Yao Zhuying, Zhang Huagu and others were exposed, and they were forced to avoid jianzhuding tea farm for more than half a year. Yao Zhuying lived in jianzhuding tea farm for more than half a year, while Xiao Huichang, Jiang Baijian and others lived for more than four months. In order to rescue the leader of the revolutionary party and discuss the next action plan, Qiu Fengjia came to Shima many times in the early summer of 1908 (Wushen) to discuss countermeasures. The revolutionary party members were rescued under the guarantee of he Ziyuan and Qiu Fengjia.

He Ziyuan, Xiao Huichang and Jiang Baijian, the leaders of Jia's revolutionary party, were not reconciled to the failure of the "Huanggang uprising". Soon after, they actively raised funds, purchased guns and ammunition, and participated in the planning of the Huanghuagang uprising in Huizhou and Guangzhou with the Shima people's family in Xingning, Guangdong, and he Tianhan and he tianjiong, the leaders of the alliance.

In early March 1911, he ziyuante assigned Chen Wenyou, brother of Hongmen in diaotan village, Shima, to transport 18 corvettes, 17 non-smoking guns, nine ring guns and ammunition back to Huizhou from Hong Kong with Luo Zhiyang, Yan Deming and others. He planned to revolt in Huicheng. When the merchant ship landed at Aotou, Daya Bay, it was searched by patrolling soldiers. Chen Wenyou and others were arrested on the spot, and Luo Zhiyang took the opportunity to escape. After his identity was revealed, Yan Deming convinced the soldiers with revolutionary righteousness, and the soldiers called them "Mr. revolution" respectfully. Then the guard relaxed. Yan Deming escaped by night, and Chen Wenyou was deported to Huizhou.

After the incident, Yan Queting, a member of the same party, and Yang Ruiting, a student of Huizhou middle school, rushed to the rescue attempt. Qin Bingzhi, the land commander of Guangdong Province who was stationed in Huizhou, intuitively discovered that the revolutionaries were on the verge of an incident, so he secretly ordered Yan keting to be captured. Then he sent a special ship to escort Chen Wenyou and Yan keting to Guangzhou, where they were imprisoned in Nanhai prison.

On March 29, 1911, the Huanghuagang uprising broke out. Huang Xing and other revolutionaries besieged the governor's office in Guangzhou, but they were defeated. When they heard about it, their friends in prison repeatedly lamented, "poor compatriots, poor compatriots..." When the jailer heard of it, he said, "it is true that he is not afraid of the dead!". The next day, he was beheaded outside the prison.

After the failure of the uprising, Huang Xing was wounded and fled back to Hong Kong. Yu Peilun, Fang Shengdong and Lin Juemin were killed. Among the 86 members of the alliance who died, the remains of 72 were collected by Pan Dawei and buried in Honghuagang, the eastern suburb of Guangzhou. Pan Dawei changed the name of Honghuagang to Huanghua, so the uprising was called "Huanghuagang uprising".

At 5:30 p.m. on April 27, 1911, Huanghuagang Park was on Xianlie Road, Guangzhou. On March 29th, 1911, Huang Xing, a member of the Chinese Alliance led by Sun Yat Sen, led more than 120 members to fight against the Governor General's office of Guangdong and Guangxi, and launched the 10th armed uprising of the alliance, Guangzhou Uprising. Guangzhou launched an armed uprising against the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. After a bloody battle day and night, it was defeated because it was outnumbered. Yu Peilun and more than 100 other people died. Pan Dawei, a member of the alliance, ventured all over the country to collect the bodies by charities. A total of 72 bodies were buried here. After Pan's death, he was also buried here.

The remains of martyrs Chen Wenyou, Yan Zhengting and the martyrs who died on March 29 were piled up in front of the Advisory Bureau, and later collected by Pan Dawei and buried in Huanghuagang. In 1919, the first batch of 72 martyrs was 56. In 1922, the second batch was 16. In 1932, 13 martyrs including Chen Wenyou were approved. Another tablet was set up, and the inscription was written by Hu Hanmin.

After three months of planning and preparation, Huang Xing held a meeting of the overall planning department in Hong Kong on the 8th. He set the time to raise a case in Guangzhou on the 13th and planned to attack in 10 routes. Due to Wen Shengcai's assassination of Fuqi, the Guangdong authorities stepped up their vigilance. In addition, some money and guns did not arrive, so the original plan was forced to be postponed.

On July 23, 1911, Huang Xing sneaked into Guangzhou and established the uprising headquarters. The Guangdong authorities have heard about the uprising, stepped up their precautions, and wantonly searched for revolutionaries. The situation has become more and more unfavorable. On the evening of the 26th, Huang Xing called a meeting and hastily decided to take action. After the death squads broke into the governor's office, the governor Zhang Mingqi fled. After the rebel army burned the governor's office, they engaged in close combat with the regiment of navy commander Li Zhun outside Dongyuan gate. The uprising army fought in bloody battles, Ran East and West, and finally collapsed due to the serious shortage of troops.

Cemetery construction

Huanghuagang was originally named Honghuagang. Pan Dawei thought that "Honghua" was less powerful and beautiful than "Huanghua" after burying the martyrs. Therefore, in the report on the burial of the martyrs, he changed the name of Honghuagang to Huanghuagang. Since then, it has been renamed and still used today.

In 1912, the military government of Guangzhou allocated 100000 yuan to build a martyr's cemetery in the original cemetery. Sun Yat Sen personally planted green pines and wrote four letters for the cemetery. Later, the cemetery was expanded many times. After verification, 86 martyrs, such as Yu Peilun and Lin Juemin, whose names and deeds can be verified, were collected in the cemetery.

After the founding of the PRC, the people's government attached great importance to the construction of the cemetery, built walls and strengthened the renovation and protection. In 1961, it was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In 1981 and 1986, the government allocated funds for maintenance twice, which made Haoqi shine again. In 1986, it was rated as one of the "new eight sceneries of Yangcheng" and named "Huanghua Haoqi". Chen Yunhe's poem Huanghuagang praises that "you are a book with a yellow cover that can be read easily. Even though time flies from here, the punctuation on it is still full of blood.".

Cemetery structure

The park covers an area of 160000 square meters, with a large-scale building. The 300 meter long hierarchical trunk road in the park is lined up with green pines and cypresses on both sides. The majestic main gate is a 13 meter high memorial archway, which is engraved with the four characters of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's autograph "forever". There are mausoleum Pavilion, Mausoleum, memorial square, memorial tablet, etc.

The memorial tablet is engraved with historical reasons and martyrs' names. On the top is a stone statue of freedom holding the torch high.

The tomb of 72 martyrs is placed on the hillock mausoleum. The tomb of 72 martyrs is built on the hillock mausoleum, in the middle of the tomb platform, and behind the tomb stands the Jigong square. The statue of Liberty stands on the memorial hall behind the tomb. Beside the tomb, Dr. Sun Yat Sen plants trees with vigorous hands. The four characters of Sun Yat Sen's book "forever" are engraved in the tomb. The entrance is a spacious graveway, 200 meters long.

On both sides of the tomb path are green pines and cypresses, which set off the solemn atmosphere of the garden full of yellow flowers and blue blood. The South tomb road is a forest of Steles, engraved with inscriptions such as "free soul" and "spirit never dies". Two 3-meter-high dragon pillars carved from Lianzhou bluestone face each other. There are also huanghuajing, huanghuating, Mochi, sifangchi, Bajiaoting, huanghuayuan and tennis corner service areas in the park.

Main attractions

imperishable noble spirit

It was completed in 1936. The main arch is 31 meters long, 3 meters wide and 13 meters high. On the forehead of the door is engraved with the four gilded characters of "eternal glory" inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat Sen. In the sense of the word, Haoqi is just Qi.

Tomb of 72 martyrs

On April 27, 1911 (March 29 of the lunar calendar), the alliance failed to launch the uprising in Guangzhou. More than 100 people, including Yu Peilun, Lin Wen, Lin Juemin and Fang Shengdong, died. Mr. Pan Dawei buried 72 human remains here.

Silent pool

It was built in 1921. The front of the pool is located in the main tomb Road, which is the only way to pay homage to and worship the martyrs. When tourists walk on the arch bridge, due to the effect of the slope, they can't help lowering their heads. It's like lowering their heads to meditate, which makes people respect.

Jigongfang

It was built in 1921 (the tenth year of the Republic of China).

Jigong square is made up of 72 bluestones in front and back, which symbolizes 72 martyrs. These bluestones were engraved with the names of overseas branches and individuals of the Kuomintang at that time as "sacrificial stones" to commemorate their contributions to the construction of the cemetery. The banner on the Jigong square is a 12 character seal script: "Jigong square for the 72 martyrs of the Republic of China". Written by Zhang Binglin, a famous revolutionary party member. On the top of the stone mound stands the statue of liberty, which expresses the revolutionary idea of striving for the establishment of a free and equal country.

Stone arch of red iron gate

Entrance to park south Cemetery Road.

Huanghua Pavilion

It was built in 1926 (the 15th year of the Republic of China).

Dragon pillar

The Annam party headquarters of the Kuomintang was founded in March 1926. It is carved from the famous blue stone with columns. It is 3 meters high. The body of the column is an inverted green dragon, and the bottom of the column is a carp leaping dragon. This pair of dragon pillars reflects the great momentum of the revolutionary martyrs' struggle for the Chinese nation's take-off.

Sifangchi

Chinese PinYin : Huang Hua Gang Lie Shi Mu