Han guangmen Site Museum of Tang Dynasty city wall in Xi'an

Han guangmen Site Museum of Tang Dynasty city wall in Xi'an

Located in the national key cultural relic protection unit - the Ming and Qing Dynasties Xi'an city wall, the tanghuangcheng Hanguangmen site museum is a special museum established to protect the tangchangan Huangcheng Hanguangmen site. It began to be built in November 2006 and opened to the public in September 2008. Now it belongs to Xi'an City Wall Scenic Area Management Committee. The Hanguangmen Site Museum of the Tang Dynasty city wall in Xi'an is a state-owned institution, which has two departments: the administrative department and the cultural protection department. The museum imitates the city wall and is connected with the city wall, with a construction area of nearly 4000 square meters.

The museum mainly displays the gate site of Han guangmen in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the wall section site (including the wall soil sites from Sui and Tang Dynasties, late Tang Dynasty to five dynasties, song, yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty and modern times) and the culvert site of the imperial city of Chang'an in Sui and Tang Dynasties. There are three exhibitions: "the history of the development of Chinese city walls", "Tang Chang'an City" and the ancient architecture components of Xi'an city walls in Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the second floor of the museum, there is also a multi-media function playing hall, which plays the video material "the vicissitudes of Han Guang men", telling the history, cultural connotation and archaeological excavation process of Han Guang men.

Development history

The layout of the museum is divided into East Hall, middle hall and West Hall. The grand and majestic Tang Hanguang gate can be imagined from the gate site of Tang Hanguang gate in the East Hall of the museum. The gate site of Han Guang men site in Tang Dynasty is rectangular, 37.4 meters long and 19.6 meters wide, which is made of pure loess. The city wall section of the West Hall is a part of the city wall of Xi'an. Its cultural connotation is very rich. It shows the historical development process of the city wall of Xi'an, and comprehensively shows the historical evolution of the city wall of Xi'an. It is rare among the existing city wall remains in China. It is a precious historical and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and contains important historical information. It is the most important part of the city wall of Xi'an As a witness of the historical changes of the city wall, it has high research and display value.

On the first floor of the hall of the museum, there are the restoration model of Han guangmen in Sui and Tang Dynasties and the sand table model of Xi'an City in Qing Dynasty. It reproduces the magnificence and glory of Han guangmen in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and tells people the ancient city wall and block culture of Xi'an through the voice display screen.

Collection

The exhibition of Tanghuang city wall Hanguangmen site museum in Xi'an focuses on the theme of Chang'an City, city wall and ancillary buildings in Sui and Tang Dynasties, including two special exhibitions and one temporary exhibition.

Special exhibition of Chang'an City in Sui and Tang Dynasties

The magnificent Chang'an City in Sui and Tang dynasties can be regarded as a model of urban planning in ancient China. It has an important position in the history of urban development in China with its regular shape, mature artistic treatment and reasonable urban layout. Chang'an City in Sui and Tang Dynasties is also a city of poetry and painting. Unique cultural connotation, strong economic strength, make it sublimate to the extreme, unique in ancient China. Whether it is urban regulation or culture and art, it has a great impact on later generations.

Through words and pictures, this exhibition gives a comprehensive introduction to the history of Chang'an City in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the layout of the palace city, the Imperial City, the outer city, the inner square, the temples and gardens, the commercial trade and foreign exchanges, and shows the panorama of Chang'an City as a political, economic and cultural center and an international metropolis in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Exhibition of the history of the city wall

Chinese city walls originated in the late primitive society. Yangshao culture is the embryonic stage of the city walls. Longshan culture is the embryonic stage of the city walls from the early summer. The development stage is from the Xia, Shang, Zhou to Sui and Tang Dynasties. The mature stage is from the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In ancient China, the construction of the city wall was second only to water control, which required huge financial and human resources. The world-famous Great Wall attracts the world's attention. For thousands of years, the city walls of the capitals, kings, prefectures and counties built on the land of China are connected, and there is more than one great wall! Therefore, the ancient Chinese city wall is not only a strategic defense system, but more importantly, it reflects the ideas of our farming nation, and also involves many fields such as ancient science and technology, urban planning and so on. This exhibition tells the audience the history of the development of the city wall by showing the typical representatives of the city walls in various periods.

Exhibition of ancient architecture components of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Xi'an city wall (temporary exhibition)

The exhibition of Ming and Qing ancient building components of Xi'an city wall is arranged by using the hall space on the second floor of the museum. On the walls around the hall, there are plates related to ancient building components. The hall displays representative cultural relics that can reflect the characteristics of ancient buildings, including tile, character brick, kissing beast (also known as 鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱鸱) and other building components of the city wall and gate, with strong visibility, high cultural connotation and professional level. It is in harmony with the cultural connotation of the ancient city wall in Xi'an and the Hanguangmen site, so that the audience can enjoy the breadth and depth of Chinese traditional culture.

This exhibition shows a number of ancient architectural components of the Ming and Qing Dynasties of Xi'an city wall, with concise text descriptions and pictures, showing the typical style and unique charm of ancient Chinese architecture from the details. It is an important platform for the audience to understand the knowledge of ancient Chinese architecture and appreciate the art of ancient architecture from a short distance.

Tang city site

Special exhibition

The museum mainly displays the gate site of Han guangmen in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the wall section site (including the wall soil sites from Sui and Tang Dynasties, late Tang Dynasty to five dynasties, song, yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty and modern times) and the culvert site of the imperial city of Chang'an in Sui and Tang Dynasties. There are three exhibitions: "the history of the development of Chinese city walls", "Tang Chang'an City" and the ancient architecture components of Xi'an city walls in Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the second floor of the museum, there is also a multi-media function playing hall, which plays the video material "the vicissitudes of Han Guang men", telling the history, cultural connotation and archaeological excavation process of Han Guang men.

Contents of the site

1. The gate road site of Han Guang men in Sui and Tang Dynasties

The East Hall of the museum displays the site of the gate of Han guangmen in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Here, the audience can imagine the magnificence of Han guangmen at that time. Han Guang gate is one of the three gates on the south side of the imperial city of Chang'an in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It was first built in the second year of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty (582). Although it is a partial gate, its geographical location is very important because it is adjacent to Honglu temple, Taishe and Xishi.

The tanghanguangmen mendao site is rectangular, 37.4 meters long and 19.6 meters wide. It is made of pure loess. The highest preserved site is 8.2 meters in the East and only 1 meter in the middle and West. There are three gateways, the width of the middle gateway is 5.72 meters, the width of the East and West gateways is 5.35 meters, the depth is 19.6 meters, and the partition wall between the gateways is 3.07 meters. The gate piers made of pure loess, one high and one low, stand tall and upright, emitting a strong flavor of loess. Dongmen road has two layers of pavement in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, while Zhongmen road and Ximen road are the pavement in Tang Dynasty. During the archaeological excavation, something similar to incense ash was found in a stone square on the east side of Ximen road. Archaeological experts speculate that it may be a place for opening and closing the gate on time and burning incense.

2. City wall section site

The city wall section is a part of Xi'an city wall, with rich cultural connotation and important historical information. It proves that Xi'an city wall can be traced back to the second year of kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (582) and has a history of more than 1400 years.

Xi'an city wall was first built in the second year of kaihuang reign of Sui Dynasty. After the reconstruction in the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the song and Yuan Dynasties, especially the expansion in the third year of Hongwu (1370) of Ming Dynasty, and the brick city in the second year of Longqing (1568), as well as many repairs and additions in Qing and modern times, it gradually formed today's scale. Similar to the situation of Hanguangmen, which is rare in the existing city wall remains in China, is a precious historical and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. It comprehensively shows the historical evolution of Xi'an city wall and city, reflects the ancient Chinese politics, military, ideology and culture, engineering technology, etc., and has high research and display value.

According to the division of the section structure, soil quality and soil color of the Hanguangmen site, it can be divided into five periods from early to late

(1) Sui and Tang Dynasties (581-907)

(2) Five Dynasties (907-960)

(3) Song and Yuan Dynasties (960-1368)

(4) Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1911)

(5) Modern (1912 -)

By appreciating the style of "loess high wall", through five cultural layers, we can learn a lot of historical and cultural information about the construction and supplement of Xi'an city wall in these five periods, such as the practice of imperial city wall, the specification mode of Tang imperial city and Tang waikuo City, the use of white ash mixed with glutinous rice juice as the adhesive for the brick joints of the city wall, and so on. Especially through the section of this site, it can be found that the surface of Xi'an City in Ming Dynasty is nearly 3 meters higher than that of the Imperial City in Tang Dynasty, which shows that Chang'an City has experienced unimaginable vicissitudes after 600 years.

3. The culvert site of the imperial city of Chang'an City in Sui and Tang Dynasties

In early 2004, during the archaeological investigation of the exposed section of the south city wall of Xi'an, a culvert was found at the bottom of the city wall in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The axis of the culvert is perpendicular to the city wall, which is under the rammed earth city wall built in the Sui Dynasty. The vertical wall is 1.5m high. After preliminary restoration, the upper part of the culvert is single arch, with arch span of about 0.6m, arch height of about 1.2m and full height of nearly 3M. At the south end of the arch tunnel, large granite strips are laid horizontally and laid into the brick wall from left to right. There are three horizontal square holes under the top stone bar and above the bottom stone bar, with iron grid inserted. The iron grid is composed of thick square iron pillars with side length of nearly 10 cm,

Chinese PinYin : Xi An Tang Huang Cheng Qiang Han Guang Men Yi Zhi Bo Wu Guan