Xinhai road protection monument

Xinhai road protection monument

"Xinhai road protection monument", a monument in modern history, was built to commemorate the martyrs who died bravely in the road protection movement in the autumn of 1911. It's in the people's Park, ancestral hall street, Chengdu. From May to June in 1911, the people of Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces, in order to oppose the Qing government selling the private Sichuan Han and Guangdong Han railway rights to the bank groups of the United States, Britain, France and Germany for mortgage loans, organized the road protection comrades' meeting one after another and launched the struggle of road protection movement. In September of the same year, Sichuan Baolu comrades would go to the governor's office to petition. Zhao Erfeng, governor of Sichuan, ordered to shoot down the petitioners, killing dozens of people on the spot, arousing the resistance of the people's armed forces in Sichuan, and leading to the outbreak of Wuchang Uprising. In 1913, Zhang Lan and Yan Kai proposed to build a monument to commemorate the martyrs. The stone tablet is 31.86 meters high and has a square masonry structure. The four sides of the pedestal have relief patterns such as locomotives and tracks. The body of the tablet is inlaid with white marble. On July 13, 1961, it was approved as "provincial key cultural relics protection unit" by the provincial people's government. On January 13, 1988, it was approved by the State Council as a "national key cultural relics protection unit". Pines and cypresses are planted around the monument to show its unique historical and cultural value. From the monument to the central axis of the exhibition hall (Ginkgo Pavilion), a memorial area of the 1911 Revolution is formed.

brief introduction

Built in 1913, the monument was undertaken by Sichuan Railway Corporation. Wang Nan (born in chaeryan, Shuangliu County, graduated from East Asia railway school, Japan) was employed as the chief supervisor to be responsible for the design and construction of drawings. The monument style inherits the national tradition of China's stele tower construction, imitates the shape of baiyun temple tower in Beijing and Lingyun temple tower in Shanxi, and refers to the art and characteristics of foreign buildings. The composition is solemn, natural and generous, fusing Chinese and foreign cultures, with strong characteristics of the times and Chinese style. The total cost of the monument is 10000 yuan. The stele is composed of platform, pedestal, body and cap. The height of the stele is 31.86 meters. It is of square masonry structure. The pedestal is surrounded by relief patterns such as locomotives and tracks. Each side of the stele body is embedded with the inscriptions of the Xinhai road protection and death Memorial. The diameter of the inscriptions is about two feet and the font is different. Written by calligraphers Zhao Xi, Yan Kai, Wu Zhiying and Zhang Xuechao at that time, the relief around the monument records some stories of the road protection movement at that time.

detailed

Pedestal: the pedestal (including footing, platform and pedestal) is about 10 meters high. There are six layers from the footing to the pedestal. The lowest layer (i.e. the footing) is about 20 meters wide. It is cylindrical. It is the foundation of the tablet and is as solid as a rock. The width of the middle two layers (i.e. the platform base) is smaller than that of the footings, and they are also cylindrical. They belong to the "moon platform" and can be moved up and down from the stone steps of the footings. On the first floor, there are stone steps of ten levels or "eight" type. In front of the stage, there is carved white marble "built by Chuanlu general company in the second year of the Republic of China". The stone is about 15 meters in square column shape. Long blue stone slabs are inlaid in the East, West, North and south. The same ten characters "memorial to the death of Baolu in the autumn of 1911" are written in different characters. Each character is more than one meter square The famous calligraphers are Zhang kuiji's Han Zhuan in the north, Wu Boying's Han stele in the East, Yan Kai's Northern Wei stele in the South and Zhao Xi's Han stele in the West. Although the characters have their own characteristics, the vigorous promotion of the characters is indeed a precious masterpiece of calligraphy.

Body: the body of the stele is the main body of the stele, which is higher than the body of the stele. It is surrounded by four small towers. The style of the five mountains facing the sky is adopted. The tiles on the top of the stele are decorated with dragons and bats, which symbolizes that the stele rises into the sky and implies the meaning of "praying". In the construction of this monument, limited to the building materials and technology at that time, it is rare to obtain such a high level. First of all, in terms of its stability and consolidation, the surface of the monument is made of brick and stone. In fact, the bottom of the monument is made of wooden piles, and the foundation is always very solid. The third is the body of the stone on which it rides. Only the square brick pillars stand upright, inlaid with stones, and the hollow frame is fixed with wood. For example, in August 1933, the Diexi earthquake in Western Sichuan caused the body of the stone to shake, but it did not collapse. On July 27, 1941, when bombed by Japanese planes, except that the top of the monument was slightly skewed, the whole monument was not significantly skewed, which is enough to prove everything.

background

At that time, the state-owned railway policy of the Qing Government: first, the Chinese and foreign opponents besieged the commercial chuanhan railway company. The state-owned railway policy at the end of the Qing Dynasty was the product of the imperialist powers' provocation and threat, especially the aggressive policy of "borrowing money to build roads". At the same time, it was also the product of the treacherous policy of the crumbling Qing Dynasty, which tried to centralize power internally and invest in foreign countries to avoid collapse. The collusion of the two forms a powerful anti modernization force. After the Treaty of xinchou, the imperialist means of plundering Chinese railways were not only building and operating directly, but also using railway investment, that is, through the Qing government's "government run" and "borrowing money to build roads", in order to reduce the risk and expand the plunder of real profits. At the beginning of the 20th century, the struggle of the great powers against the financing of the Sichuan Han railway and the recovery of the right of way of the whole country had been in the north for a long time. They used all kinds of destructive means, such as negotiation, memorabilia, provocation, attack, threat and temptation, but failed. In addition, the Qing Dynasty was in a more serious financial crisis at this time, so it had to use "borrowing money to build roads" to solve the difficulties and avoid conflicts. For a time, the shouting of "borrowing money to build roads" was very noisy among the officials inside and outside the court, and many transactions were made on the spot. According to statistics, up to May 1911, the Qing government had borrowed 16 Railway Loans from other countries, with a total amount of 339.57 million yuan. In addition to the 58.95 million yuan that had been repaid, it also owed 280.62 million yuan. Since there are so many loans, we have to take advantage of our power to seize the railway power from the people in the name of "government run" and "state-owned", transfer it to the imperialists, mortgage it, and obtain greater political and economic support. In this regard, Shi Ren commented: "looking at the past and contemplating the future, all government run railways are closely related to outsiders, that is, none of them can lose their power.". Such road construction "is not so much a government run railway as a government sold railway." The construction of Sichuan Han railway by borrowing money from the imperial court is closely related to the construction of Guangdong Han railway by borrowing money. The loan of these two railways started from Zhang Zhidong and became from Sheng Xuanhuai.

Address: No.12, Shaocheng Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province

Longitude: 104.05822281752

Latitude: 30.658296154748

Tel: 028-86139234

Chinese PinYin : Xin Hai Bao Lu Ji Nian Bei