Yulong Snowmountain

Yulong Snow Mountain is a sacred mountain in Naxi people's heart. Its main peak is fan steep, with an altitude of 5596 meters. Yulong Snow Mountain is composed of 12 snow peaks. The mountain snow area landscape is located at an altitude of more than 4000 meters. The snow mountain is rich in natural tourism resources. The landscape can be roughly divided into snow area, glacier landscape, alpine meadow landscape, virgin forest landscape, snow mountain water landscape, etc. The snow mountain is magnificent and exquisite. With the change of seasons and sunny days, sometimes the clouds are steaming and the jade dragons are disappearing and appearing; sometimes the sky is as clear as water, and the peaks are crystal clear and dazzling; sometimes the clouds are girdled, and the snow peaks are bright, and the hills are green; sometimes the clouds are shining, and the snow peaks are as beautiful as red veil. There are also rhododendrons that open in turn at different heights, making up the most beautiful scenery of the snow mountain. The scenic spots include Yushui village, Glacier Park, Blue Moon Valley, etc. Every morning, there will be a large-scale live performance of "impression Lijiang" on the Blue Moon Valley square of Ganhaizi scenic spot in snow mountain.

Yulong Snowmountain

Yulong Snow Mountain is a group of snow mountains in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province. It is located between 100 ° 4 ′ 2 ″ - 100 ° 16 ′ 30 ″ E and 27 ° 3 ′ 2 ″ - 27 ° 18 ′ 57 ″ n, about 15 km north of Lijiang, with a total length of 75 km. It is the nearest equatorial snow mountain in the northern hemisphere, juxtaposed with Zhongdian snow mountain and Mianmian mountain in the east across Jiangxi Province. It extends from Sanjiangkou in the north to 27 ° n The ancient city unfolded. The 13 peaks of the whole mountain are arranged longitudinally from south to north. The main peak is fan steep. The highest altitude is 5596 meters. There is snow all the year round. There are temperate marine glaciers in the Eurasian continent nearest to the equator.

Yulong Snow Mountain is called "Ou Lu" in Naxi language, which means "Tian Shan". Its 13 snow peaks are continuous, just like a "dragon" flying, so it is called "jade dragon". Because its lithology is mainly limestone and basalt, black and white, so it is also known as "black and white snow mountain". It is the holy mountain of the Naxi people, and it is said that it is the incarnation of the Naxi protection god "Sanduo".

In 1984, Yunnan Yulong Snow Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve was established. In 2001, Yulong Snow Mountain was rated as 4A scenic spot, and in May 2007, it became one of the first batch of 5A scenic spots in China.

physical geography

Location context

Yulong Snow Mountain is located in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, bounded by Lijiang Mingyin highway in the East, Tiger Leaping Gorge in the west, Yuhu Lake in the South and dajuxia Tiger Leaping Gorge in the north. It is located between east longitude 100 ° 4'2 "- 100 ° 16'30 and north latitude 27 ° 3'2" - 27 ° 18'57, with a snow line height of 4800-5000 meters.

geological structure

Yulong Snow Mountain is located at the junction of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, and at the junction of Hengduan Mountain Area in Northwest Yunnan and plateau area in East Yunnan. It is the main peak of Yunling mountain in Hengduan Mountain system, and is a young limestone fault block fold mountain. Due to the uneven rise of the earth's crust, the landform of alternating high mountains, deep valleys and Intermountain basins is formed, which belongs to the mountain valley area cut by Hengduan Mountain system, and the mountain valley sub area in the north section of Hengduan Mountain. It is a part of the western Yunnan geosyncline in geological history. From Paleozoic to Mesozoic, it was influenced by transgression and regression several times. The Himalayan orogeny in tertiary extended to Quaternary, and Yulongshan was finally formed at this time.

Yulong Snow Mountain belongs to Yunnan Tibet stratigraphic area. They are mainly carbonate rocks from Middle Devonian to Middle Carboniferous, followed by basalt with limestone in Permian and limestone with sand shale in Triassic. There are Carboniferous, Permian basalt limestone interbedding and other metamorphic rocks in the southern part of the mountain. In the south of baishacun, there are mainly Triassic strata. Permian basalt and green schist and greenstone metamorphosed by basalt are found in Hutiao gorge and Jinshajiang River Valley. The Quaternary glacial deposits and glacial water deposits can be seen in the east slope and Piedmont.

Yulong Snow Mountain is the southernmost modern monsoon marine glacier distribution area in the Eurasian continent. According to the glacier catalogue published in 1994, there are 19 modern glaciers distributed in Yulong Snow Mountain, including 15 on the east slope and 4 on the west slope, with a total area of 11.6 square kilometers. Baishui No.1 glacier is the largest glacier, with a length of 2.7 kilometers and an area of 1.5 square kilometers. The equilibrium line is about 4800 meters above sea level, and the glacier is at the end The altitude is about 4200 meters.

Soil distribution

There are 5 soil classes, 12 soil classes and 17 soil subclasses in Yulong Snow Mountain, which are dry red soil, red soil, yellow brown soil, bleached lime soil, alpine meadow soil, alpine desert soil, Black Lime Soil and swamp soil.

From low altitude to high altitude, the soil types of Yulong Snow Mountain are red soil (2700-3200m), mountain grass ash soil (3100-3300m), humus carbonate soil (3300-3800m) and alpine meadow soil (3800-4200m).

The soil texture of Yulong Snow Mountain is mainly loam and loamy clay. From low altitude to high altitude, the soil texture gradually transits from clay and loamy clay to sandy clay, sandy loam and loam. The soil developed under forest vegetation accumulated more organic matter and formed an obvious humus layer. According to the Chinese soil taxonomy, the vertical band structure of soil in Yulong Snow Mountain is divided into three types: normal wet rudiment (3400-4200 m above sea level), wet ferralumine (2700-3400 m above sea level), wet rudiment (2500-2700 m above sea level), and wet ferralumine (below 2500 m above sea level).

Vegetation distribution

Yulong Snow Mountain is an important distribution area of biodiversity in Northwest Yunnan, and it is also one of the important transition areas of vegetation distribution between Northwest Yunnan and central Yunnan.

From low to high altitude, plants in Yulong Snow Mountain area are distributed in warm temperate Valley shrub, mountain wet evergreen broad-leaved forest, mountain deciduous broad-leaved forest, warm temperate coniferous forest, mountain hard leaf oak forest, cold temperate coniferous forest, cold temperate shrub, mountain liushitan sparse meadow and other vegetation types.

The vegetation of Yulong Snow Mountain belongs to Pinus yunnanensis forest, Picea koraiensis forest and Abies fargesii forest in the high and middle mountain plateau of Northwest Central Yunnan in China. From bottom to top, the forests are mainly Pinus yunnanensis forest, Picea Lijiang forest, Sequoia koraiensis forest and fir forest.

The forest vegetation in Yulong Snow Mountain can be divided into four community types: Pinus yunnanensis community, Picea Lijiang community, Sequoia koraiensis community and fir community. Plant species richness (including woody, shrub and herb) first increased and then decreased with the increase of altitude. The species richness of shrub layer decreased with the increase of altitude.

Yulong Snow Mountain is composed of Pinus yunnanensis forest and hillside farming belt at an altitude of 2000-2900m; Pinus armandii and Quercus coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest belt at an altitude of 2900m-3100m; subalpine coniferous forest belt at an altitude of 3100m-3800m, which is composed of fir, Sequoia and spruce forests (pure forest or mixed forest); Alpine shrub meadow belt at an altitude of 3800m-4500m, in which alpine shrub meadow belt is below an altitude of 4100m, which is mainly composed of multiple forests The species are composed of cushion or creeping Rhododendron, and only scattered plants are found in the alpine liushitan between 4100 and 4350 meters above sea level.

According to the classification system and unit of Yunnan vegetation, the main vegetation in Yulong Snow Mountain can be divided into 7 vegetation types, 13 vegetation subtypes and 33 formations.

Climatic characteristics

Yulong Snow Mountain belongs to the south temperate plateau monsoon climate zone, with unique mountain monsoon characteristics. Due to the large height difference between the valley and the peak, and the vertical climate difference, there are warm, warm, cool, north subtropical and cold mountain vertical climate zones from the valley to the peak.

Yulong Snow Mountain area is located in the southeast margin of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, in the alternate control zone of westerly circulation, southwest monsoon and southeast monsoon The dry season is from November to April of the next year, which is mainly controlled by the South Branch of westerly circulation and the winter monsoon of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, with dry and little rain; the wet season is from May to October, which is mainly controlled by Southwest and southeast monsoon, with precipitation accounting for more than 90% of the annual precipitation. From January to march of the next year, it is mainly controlled by the South Branch jet of upper westerly circulation, with little precipitation and little glacier supply; in April, the South Branch jet weakens, and the hot and humid southwest monsoon moves northward into the region, and the wet season begins.

According to the data of Lijiang meteorological station (17 kilometers away from Yulong Snow Mountain), the annual precipitation in this area is 935 mm. The rainy season is from June to October. The precipitation in these five months is more than 90% of the annual rainfall. The dry season is from November to May of the next year, with less rainfall. The annual average temperature is 12.79 ℃, the hottest month is July, the monthly average temperature is 17.9 ℃, the coldest month is January, the monthly average temperature is 5.9 ℃. On the whole, the temperature change is not dramatic, the four seasons are mild and there is no summer.

Yulong Snow Mountain is affected by the southwest monsoon. The base level of Lijiang basin (2415.9 meters above sea level) belongs to the climate of south temperate zone. Except for the distinct dry and wet seasons, the climate has insufficient summer temperature, short high temperature period, sufficient light in winter and spring, average annual sunshine hours of 2530 hours, and large radiation. Due to the great height difference between the valley and the top of the mountain, there is a great vertical difference in climate. For every 100 meters increase in altitude, the average temperature increases by 0.86 ℃. From the valley to the top of the mountain, there is a warm climate in turn

Chinese PinYin : Yu Long Xue Shan