The National Stadium

The National Stadium

The National Stadium is located in the south of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park, with a total construction area of 80890 square meters. It is one of the landmark buildings in the Olympic central area

. The National Stadium, commonly known as the folding fan, is one of the three main stadiums of the Beijing Olympic Games.

The project of national stadium is mainly composed of the main building of the stadium, a warm-up hall close to it and the corresponding outdoor environment.

There are 18000 fixed seats and 2000 temporary seats in the venue. During the Olympic Games, the venues used for competitive gymnastics, trampoline and handball during the games, and the venues used for wheelchair basketball during the Paralympic Games. After the Olympic Games, as the first-class sports facilities in Beijing, the national stadium has become a collective sports competition, cultural entertainment in one, providing multi-functional services to the public activity center.

As an ice sports venue for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, the national stadium has initially formed a renovation plan, which will start before the end of 2018.

In January 2020, the National Stadium is speeding up construction according to the venue construction plan

.

Construction history

Construction unit

The owner of the National Stadium is Guoao Investment Development Co., Ltd., which is responsible for the investment, construction and operation of the National Stadium. The design unit of the project is Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute, the construction unit is Beijing Urban Construction Group Co., Ltd., and the supervision unit is Beijing jingdafang engineering construction supervision company of Beijing Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd.

The National Stadium project started on May 28, 2006. Liu Qi, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party committee and chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 29th Olympic Games, and Wang Qishan, mayor of Beijing and executive chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 29th Olympic Games, attended the opening ceremony of the venue.

Construction period

1. On May 28, 2006, as one of the three main stadiums of the Beijing Olympic Games, the construction of the National Stadium officially started.

2. On November 25, 2007, the national stadium construction project was completed and accepted.

Reconstruction of 2022 Winter Olympics

During the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, the National Stadium will host all the men's ice hockey events, part of the women's final ice hockey events and the ice sledding ice hockey events of the winter Paralympic Games. The venue reconstruction project started on December 28, 2018 and is expected to be completed by the end of 2020. The ice hockey test match before the Winter Olympics will be held in 2021.

On December 25, 2019, with the hoisting and splicing of the last section of steel beam completed, it marks the successful completion of the main structure construction of the extension part of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic National Stadium.

Venue structure

Solar photovoltaic power generation equipment

In the early stage of construction, steel slag counterweight of Shougang was used in more than 20 meters deep foundation pit to solve the anti floating problem of buildings caused by underground water leakage, which absorbed 33000 cubic meters of waste steel slag, up to 800 tons. The grid connected solar photovoltaic power station in the south of the gymnasium is the first solar power generation system combined with the main body of the gymnasium in China. Solar panels installed on the roof of the gymnasium and the southern part of the glass curtain wall can not only generate electricity, but also provide sunshade, lighting and rain protection for the building. The power generation of the power station is mainly responsible for providing lighting for the underground garage, avoiding the peak power consumption of the power grid in the daytime.

Thermal insulation glass curtain wall

The gymnasium adopts insulating glass curtain wall composed of low radiation insulating glass and metal plate to make full use of natural lighting and effectively reduce the operation cost of the gymnasium.

Air conditioning and ventilation system

In order to reduce the building energy consumption, the air-conditioning system is used in the museum. The auditorium is divided into several areas, and the air-conditioning and ventilation system is set up respectively to facilitate the control and improve the operation efficiency. The audience area adopts the stratified air conditioning mode of under seat air supply, which only maintains the lower room temperature of the large space and saves energy.

Centralized garbage collection

In addition to the normal domestic waste sorting collection, a large number of waste generated during the competition will be specially treated. Centralized waste collection places will be set up on each floor of the museum to collect the waste in the basement. The toilet is flushed with reclaimed water, which saves valuable tap water resources. At the same time, combined with the characteristics of building and outdoor engineering, rainwater is collected and utilized to save water resources.

Sliding steel roof truss

The steel roof truss of the National Stadium is 144 meters long from north to South and 114 meters wide from east to west. The whole steel roof truss project of the stadium is composed of 14 trusses, with a total steel consumption of 2800 tons. The shape of the steel roof truss is fan-shaped wave curve, which is the largest two-way steel string roof truss structure system in China.

In order to install the steel roof truss on the roof truss of the National Stadium, the construction technicians adopted the sliding construction technology of nine "robots" for the first time. The construction personnel first assembled the steel roof truss on the ground, then hoisted each part of the assembled steel roof truss onto the roof for assembly, and strictly controlled the welding point position of the steel roof truss. The nine "robots" installed between the steel roof truss and the track are controlled by one computer and programmed to control the sliding time and travel.

In the process of sliding, the "robot" is flapping under the action of hydraulic pressure, just like a snail walking with a big shell on its back, carrying hundreds of tons of steel roof truss to the set position.

Safety channel identification

The national stadium has set up a certain sinking square in the West and north of the stadium. Athletes, media, VIP and other personnel can directly enter the stadium through the sinking square. In the East and south of the gymnasium, there are gentle slope gathering and dispersing squares for spectators. Spectators and sponsors can directly enter the audience level of the gymnasium through the gentle slope gathering and dispersing square from the city road, avoiding the intersection with athletes, media, VIP and vehicles.

Glass "clothes"

By the beginning of February 2008, the curtain wall installation of the national stadium has been completed. The curtain wall installation is divided into three categories: frame curtain wall, point curtain wall and aluminum plate glass, with a total area of about 19000 square meters. All the glass is hollow Low-E glass, which has the effects of heat preservation, heat insulation and UV protection, so as to ensure that the personnel in the venue will not be affected by the external climate and can normally carry out competitions and other activities.

(photo album inside and outside the National Stadium photo source:

）

Design features

The complex roof with multi-functional technology is adopted to solve the problem of raindrop noise on the roof and reduce the interference to the normal use of the gymnasium. The roof adopts nine story composite structure which is rare in China.

Design concept

Inspired by China's "folding fan", the National Stadium fully embodies the Olympic concept of "Green Olympics, high tech Olympics and people's Olympics" and the principle of "thrifty Olympics". It pays attention to the combination of functional design, environmental protection design and aesthetic design, and embodies the design principles of "function first, technology first, meeting the competition, abiding by norms, energy saving and environmental protection, and post competition utilization".

According to Shen Yongshan, deputy general manager of Guoao Investment Development Co., Ltd., the owner of the National Stadium, this is the largest two-way steel string roof truss system in China, which meets the three elements of structural design: 1. Combining the aesthetic requirements of architectural design, 2. Safe and reliable loading mode, 3. Simple and reasonable structural stress system and low cost. Shen Yongshan said that the construction requirements were fully considered in the design. Due to the complex structure and great technical difficulty, the steel roof truss installation adopts the technology of overall sliding installation with two-way cables after longitudinal tension. The efficient and time-saving construction method makes the steel structure of the roof take shape at one time, which fills the gap in China. In the construction, the third party is also used to monitor the main force lever, support frame system and all welds, and arrange and install health monitoring points, so as to improve the safety of the whole project in the construction process.

Green Olympics

The national stadium stands in the central area of the Olympic Park. There are more than 80000 tons of steel slag in its foundation.

"It not only protects the environment, but also turns waste into treasure." Shen Yongshan, deputy general manager of Guoao Investment Development Co., Ltd., the owner of the National Stadium, said that according to the design requirements, the National Stadium needs to dig more than 20 meters deep for foundation pouring, and backfill after foundation pouring. Generally, the materials used for backfilling are sand and gravel, which are non renewable materials. The National Stadium needs a large number of materials. If it is backfilled in this way, it will cause great waste. According to the investigation of many aspects, the National Stadium tried to use waste steel slag instead of traditional sand and gravel for backfill, and achieved success.

Steel slag is a kind of steel slag which has been abandoned for many years and piled up in Shougang steel making process. After processing, all technical indexes meet the requirements of national standards. The use of steel slag backfilling in the National Stadium not only meets the construction needs, but also turns the waste of 35000 cubic meters or 80000 tons into treasure, saves the construction period and implements the spirit of Green Olympics.

Walking along the road of the Olympic village is paved with scrap steel slag accumulated by Shougang. The basement is about 8 meters deep, and the anti floating water level is minus 1 meter. It needs materials with large bulk density to resist floating and pressure. If natural aggregate is used, it needs at least 80000 tons. 3 million tons of waste steel slag accumulated in Shougang is used to save energy.

People's Olympics

Convenient for the disabled

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