Hu's courtyard

Hu's courtyard

Hu's courtyard is located in Qiaoxi village, Xuexi Township, Taishun County, Zhejiang Province. Hu's courtyard is a rare large courtyard house in Jiangnan. It is not only large in scale, but also exquisite in workmanship. It has a high comprehensive value of cultural relics. From 1832 to 1874, Hu Dongwei built Hu's courtyard, Fenglong house and fenglongtou house, which lasted for more than 40 years. Hu's courtyard was built three times before and after the construction.

brief introduction

Hu's ancestral home is Guantang, Qingyuan. During the reign of emperor qiangshun (1457-1464), Hu daoyan moved to the West Bank of today's Xuexi River, Taishun, and became the local ancestor of Hu. When it came to the generation of Hu Dongwei, his family was flourishing, so he began to build houses on a large scale. Hu Dongwei, named Jiyuan, was born in Renshen (1812), Jiaqing, Qing Dynasty, and died in Guiwei, Guangxu (1883). In 1894, Hu Dongwei met Qin en as his son Hu Yikun and was granted the title of Fengzhi doctor. From 1832 to 1874, Hu Dongwei built Hu's courtyard, Fenglong house and fenglongtou house, which lasted for more than 40 years. Hu's courtyard was built three times before and after the construction.

Main buildings

a gatehouse

Hu's courtyard (Shimen building) the surrounding landscape environment of Hu's courtyard is very beautiful, surrounded by mountains, open fields and winding streams. The basic direction of Hu's courtyard is to sit West (by South) and face east (by North). Surrounded by stone walls, the courtyard has four doors, including one main door and three small doors. There are ditches around the house, which are the main drainage channels. The main building material of Shimen building is fir. The structural part of the building is completely separated from the enclosure part. Columns and beams support a roof to protect the wind and rain. The beam, column and roof system are open, and the air can circulate freely. In hot and humid environment, the wooden frame can be protected. There are two halls in Hu's courtyard. The upper hall is a courtyard style building, and the lower hall is composed of the north and South houses and the front hall, with a corridor connecting the upper hall and the lower hall in the middle. There is an obvious central axis in the main building of Hu's courtyard. The wing rooms on both sides and the main house are symmetrical with this axis. The gate was originally on the central axis and moved northward. Now the gate is facing the highest peak of Bijia mountain in front of it, which makes the environment more beautiful. The first gate tower of Xiatang is the gate tower of the whole courtyard. The main stone structure is simple and elegant. The ground inside and outside the threshold is paved with small pebbles to form exquisite patterns. After entering the stone gate building, the second gate building of the compound, also known as the front hall, is on the left. In the Ming Dynasty, there are fine sculptures on the column head mirror, moon beam, bracket, bucket arch and other components. The contents include dragon and Phoenix, lion, flower and bird, character story and so on, showing a strong and peaceful humanistic atmosphere.

Both the north and South houses of Xiatang and the front hall were built in the same period. They were built by Hu Dongwei in July 1852. There is no difference in architectural style and materials between the north and the south. The small courtyard is full of flowers and trees. The details of the eaves and porches of the main room are elaborate and elaborate. The moon beam, bracket and sparrow are carved, and the main content is the story of the characters. One of the characteristics of architectural decoration is that the floor beams of the hall are also replaced. There are long tables and armchairs on both sides of the hall. The back of the armchair is decorated with a rare ice crack in Taishun. The central part of the main lattice fan is assembled with lattice bars, and the lattice bars are carved with small wood blocks into plum blossom inlaid in them, which has a good decoration effect. The carving of the upper tapestry ring board is based on the story of characters and flowers. There are gatehouses in front of the courtyard of the north and South houses, and the corridor leading to the upper hall is outside the gate. The corridor is 4 meters wide and 17.6 meters long. The ground is paved with regular pebbles. Walls are built on both sides of the corridor, which are the courtyard walls of the north and South houses. The gable near the entrance of the upper hall is built into Cat arch back type, with high and large end condensation. All the courtyard walls are built with pebbles. The lower part of maogongbei gable is built with pebbles, the upper part is built with bricks, and the top is paved with tiles. The walls of Hu's courtyard are very flat, beautiful and firm. It was built by Zhang Gang, a famous stonemason in Taishun. Zhang Gang, formerly known as Tang Zhengxian, was born in Shiyang, known as "Shijing". He built many important projects and left many legendary anecdotes. Once, when he was building the stone wall of Shuiwei palace in Shiyang, the first person suspected that he was delayed and replaced him with someone else. Soon after the mountain torrent broke out, all the walls built by others were destroyed, but the part built by Tang was safe. However, Zhang Gang has one shortcoming: he is narrow-minded and wants revenge when he is not comfortable. When Hu asked him to build the wall, he had to take a long nap every day. The owner was not happy and said a few words to him. Because of his superb craftsmanship, Zhang Gang had no one to take over the project he was in charge of. After the courtyard wall beside the corridor was half built, he took up the burden and left. The owner chased him to the door and said to him, "at most, I'll push down the courtyard wall you built and ask someone else to rebuild the courtyard wall on both sides." Zhang Gang thought and went back to build the wall. On another occasion, he deliberately built the wall of the compound to be inclined. When the owner asked the reason, he said with a smile, "I don't sleep enough during my lunch break every day. If people want to sleep, the wall will be crooked." But he also advised the owners not to worry, the wall will not collapse. Sure enough, the wall has not changed so far.

Corridor

There are eleven bluestone steps at the end. After stepping on the steps, it is the upper hall gate. There is a height difference of about 1.2 meters between the upper hall and the lower hall. The main frame of Shangtang gatehouse is made of stone, and the hanging fish is carved with Phoenix and other patterns. The plaque is "the sun embraces the auspicious clouds". On the left side of the plaque, there are clay sculptures of magpies and plum blossoms. According to the content of the clay sculpture, there is a poem: "the moon in front of the window is usually the same, but the plum blossoms are different.". On the right side of the plaque, there are clay willows, etc., with a poem: "a few willows are too beautiful for spring, and the wind blows like snow in the evening.". The plaque on the side facing the main hall of the gate tower is: "beautiful mountains and beautiful rivers". There are also clay sculptures beside them. The clay sculpture "pine" is accompanied by a poem: "close the door to write books, many mouths of the moon, all kinds of pine are old dragon scales"; the clay sculpture "bamboo" is accompanied by a poem: "a nest of bamboo is several feet long, and the mouth makes the daily peace.". Hu Dongwei built the main house in 1832 and the left and right wing houses in 1841. The Ming rooms on the two floors of the main room are halls, where family members gather to receive guests and worship their ancestors. Most of the other rooms are living rooms, and the rooms at the back of the first floor are kitchen and utility rooms. Besides the second floor hall, there are railings. In the middle pier of the main roof, there is a pattern of plaster copper coins, which means that there is a wide range of financial resources. A flower bed was built on the hillside behind the house. There was a well at each end of the flower bed, which was the main source of drinking water. (2) With the increasing number of Hu's family members, the Fenglong house and Xiayang house of Hu's family can no longer meet the living requirements. Hu Dongwei also built a Fenglong house at the left rear of renshennian (1872) compound in Tongzhi. Fenglong house is a courtyard with two gatehouses. The main room is seven rooms wide, and the left and right wing rooms are three rooms wide. In the main room, the tapering plate, bracket and other components are carved with story plots. In the center of the window plate flower center of the wing room, there are lattice bars to assemble double happiness. Like Hu's courtyard, the floor beams of the main hall of Fenglong house are decorated with queti, and the mounds under queti are carved with exquisite sculptures such as double dragons fighting for beads and double lions playing with balls. Xiayangcuo was built by Hu's Yuefang people. It is located in the right front of Hu's courtyard. It faces north from the south. It is a one-line residential building with wooden gate tower. The main room is nine Bay wide and hangs on the top of the mountain. On the right side of xiayangcuo is Xuexi, on the front is Hu's ancestral hall, on the left is Hu's ancestral hall.

Ancestral hall and small ancestral hall

The ancestral hall is the temple of a clan. Many important events are discussed and carried out here. It is one of the important activities to attend the sacrificial ceremony in the ancestral hall. Through the common sacrifice of the clansmen, the living people can communicate with their dead ancestors in mind. At the same time, it also enhances the sense of homology of clan members and makes them closer and more united. Hu's family moved from Qingyuan Guantang to Taishun, where no ancestral temple has been built for several generations. "Each family only worships the wooden master in the southwest corner of the room, enjoys the sacrifice at four seasons, and drinks happiness from their own family.". Later, the Hu family negotiated to build a grand ancestral hall, "in order to repay their ancestors' virtue, merit and lineage.". However, the clan had no public affairs, so it was very difficult for them to meet. They had to send the sun, the moon and the stars to the right of zhangdaping palace. In the first month of the 1898 movement of Daoguang (1838), Jiugong was completed in August, with a cost of more than 120000 yuan. The cost of building the ancestral hall was donated by the Hu family's Sanfang people. In ancient times, the smaller clans had only clan level organization, while the larger clans, such as Hu family, were divided into clan, Fang, or clan, branch, clan and column. Each room or branch or pillar has several families under its jurisdiction. There are also three levels of management of some big families, namely, the three levels of family, branch (column) and house, or the three levels of family, house and house. From the Hu's courtyard, through the long gravel alley, you can see the Hu's ancestral hall under the big camphor tree. The ancestral hall is small in scale, with only two entrances and four walls. The gate tower is a wooden structure hanging on the top of the mountain. The couplet says: "the ancestors are loyal to the descendants of Houyu, and if they pass by, they will think about it and know its origin.". The bedroom is five bay wide, and the beam frame is a hybrid structure. There is a plaque of "Jinshi" hanging on the beam of the dormitory, which is the 70th Chinese scholar in the 1898 science and technology examination of the Qing Dynasty. Hu Zhaolong was established in 1899. Hu Zhaolong is from Ruian. After the establishment of the ancestral hall of the Hu family in 1898 of Daoguang, the Yuefang people, under the guidance of Hu Jingshan, built another small ancestral hall outside zhangdaping in August of 1847, and rebuilt the houtang in May of 1859, forming today's scale, which is the "branch ancestral hall" of the Hu's Yuefang.

study

From the right side of fenglongcuo, you can climb the mountain along "shuzhailing". The mountain stream beside the road is murmuring and the birds in the forest are chirping. You will walk soon

Chinese PinYin : Hu Shi Da Yuan