Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

Qingming Riverside scenic spot is based on the masterpiece Qingming Riverside by famous painter Zhang Zeduan of the Northern Song Dynasty. It can be roughly divided into three scenes: spring scene in the suburb of Bianjing, Bianhe scene and city market scene.

Stepping on the most majestic bridge on the Bianhe River, you can have a panoramic view of the scenery on both sides of the Hongqiao bridge. The picture of Qingming River is a wonderful picture with Hongqiao as the center and along the Bianhe river. The Bianhe river is winding, clear and sparkling, which reproduces the water transport scene of the Bianhe River in Tokyo of the Northern Song Dynasty thousands of years ago. The river bank is shaded by willows. Here we can see not only the Kaifeng mansion of Baogong, but also gaoqiu mansion and shuipoliangshan, the place where the story happened in Shuihu Zhuan. Here are the most representative luxury buildings in Bianjing, Fanlou, and the local waterwheel and thatched cottage.

Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival

Qingming Riverside painting is one of the top ten Chinese paintings handed down from generation to generation. It is a folk painting of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a national treasure. It is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

Qingming River map is 24.8 cm wide and 528.7 cm long

The color of silk is set. In the form of long scroll, the work adopts the scattered perspective composition method to vividly record the urban appearance of Tokyo (also known as Bianjing, now Kaifeng in Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty in China in the 12th century, and the living conditions of people from all walks of life at that time. It is a witness of the prosperity of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and a portrayal of the urban economic situation of the Northern Song Dynasty.

This is unique in the history of painting in China and even in the world. In the five meter long scroll, there are a large number of people of various colors, such as cattle, mules, donkeys and other livestock, cars, sedans, boats, houses, bridges, city buildings, etc., which have their own characteristics, reflecting the architectural characteristics of the Song Dynasty. It has high historical and artistic value.

Composition

The picture of the river during the Qingming Festival depicts the situation of the capital city of Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty, mainly the natural scenery and prosperity of Bianjing and both sides of Bianhe river.

Going up the river during the Qingming Festival was a folk custom at that time. For example, today's festival gatherings were used by people to participate in business activities. The whole picture is roughly divided into three parts: spring in the outskirts of Bianjing, scenes of Bianhe River and markets in the city.

outskirts

Gently open this picture, you can see a line of camels on the road beside the stream, far from the Northeast Bianjing City, five donkeys

Heavy load, the front of the groom to drive the leading livestock to the bridge around the corner, the back of the pack man with a whip to drive the pack team forward, the destination is coming, from the pack worker skilled driving the pack team look to know that they are walking for many years old horse gang.

Beside the small bridge, a small sampan is tied to a tree stump, and several farmhouses and small courtyards are scattered among the trees in an orderly manner. There are four nests of Brucea javanica on several high branches, which are similar to the way and height of building nests of Brucea Javanica. There are several stone grinders on the wheat field, which are used for threshing in autumn harvest, and they are still idle there at this time. There are several sheep in the sheepfold. It seems that there is a chicken and duck pen beside the sheepfold. It seems that there is a large group of chickens and ducks in the sheepfold. It's a quiet picture of the countryside. I can't help but wonder that there was such a developed agriculture and breeding industry in the Song Dynasty more than 1000 years ago.

On the top right is a team of bridegroom taking their wives. Slowly turning from the north, the bridegroom in the back is riding a jujube red horse. Behind the horse is a porter carrying the bride's dowry. In front of the horse, a person holds the bride's dressing box. In front of the horse, the sedan chair should be taken by the bride, because all kinds of plants and flowers are used in the sedan chair Decorated, it can be called "sedan chair"; the word "sedan chair" is the means of transportation for the bride when she gets married. It comes from this folk custom. Behind the sedan chair, a porter carries a load of fish, which means that the wife's family wishes her husband wealth and wealth.

From the period of Zhu Yuanzhang, tomb sweeping began to be popular. Therefore, it is not proper to say that this team is returning from tomb sweeping by the word "Qingming". It should be a team engaged in the activities of getting married.

There are two cows in a farmhouse beside the teahouse. Although such an earth shaking event happened nearby, the two cows are indifferent. They are still ruminating leisurely. The seedlings in the distant fields are growing vigorously, and the farmers are watering and fertilizing the seedlings.

In the south, a family of two employed two animals and a porter, and a porter carried them slowly to the southeast.

There is a hotel just opposite the street in front of the teahouse. Because it doesn't operate early, it has to hold up the flag to attract customers. The hotel is open in the bulk cargo terminal, and its business is very prosperous, but the guests are busy with business, and it's not time to eat and drink. You can see that the cargo owner on the terminal is counting the goods to be delivered to a certain place, and the dock workers are stacking up the goods to be delivered It is the so-called "getting on the ship first and then climbing up the slope" to arrange loading and unloading in time. Another ship is also unloading. In the crevice between the branches and leaves of one or two hundred year old trees, you can see the thick sails, masts and ropes. It should be a ship with displacement of about 60 or 70 tons. In the middle of the street between the hotel and the teahouse, there is a fortune teller who is calling for him to calculate something, such as marriage, family or business. When fortune teller hears that business is coming, his brisk steps show his joy. Looking into the street, a man from a bakery shop and a burden taker were talking about things. It seemed that they could hear the conversation about what else to order tomorrow and when to check out. In the past, there were several shop names, and there was a road extending into the distance with pedestrians and horses walking.

In the past, the main road is Bianliang Avenue. There are many shops on both sides of the main road. They are all around the cargo terminal and cargo stack in Fengshui. The location of the cargo stack is very advantageous. The streets are in all directions, and the south side is close to the deep-water harbor. There are several ships berthing in the harbor to load and unload goods in turn. A ship berthing at the dock is unloading goods, several yards The foreman was carrying sacks like grain off the ship. Someone was turning over and loading the cargo in the cabin. It seemed that the voice of labor was heard from the cabin. Next to the wharf of the warehouse, there are ships waiting for unloading and loading. After the boss gets on the ship, he has dinner and leaves. The boss in front of the warehouse just finishes his account and is about to get on the ship. On the way, he meets an acquaintance. He is worried about going on the boat, but he can't neglect his acquaintances or friends. He is eager to stay at home with him, and finally he leaves with his fist. At this time, the pace had already turned, and the appearance of rushing to the boat was already detached.

Bianhe River

Bianhe river is an important water transport hub and commercial transportation thoroughfare in the Northern Song Dynasty. From the picture, we can see that the population is dense, merchant ships gather, some people rest in teahouses, some are looking at fortune telling, some eat in restaurants. There is also the "Wang's paper horse shop", which sells tomb sweeping sacrifices. Boats come and go in the river, head to tail, or pulled by a boatman, or rowed by a boatman. Some of them are full of goods, going up against the current, and some of them are berthing and unloading goods nervously. Across the Bian river is a large-scale wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful form. It's like a flying rainbow, so it's called Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. Boatmans use bamboo poles to support, long poles to hook bridges, hemp ropes to hold boats, and a few people are busy putting down masts for boats to pass. The people on the next boat were pointing, as if they were shouting something. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge. The people on the bridge are sweating for the tense situation of crossing the boat. Here is the famous Hongqiao wharf area. There are knife and scissors stalls, food stalls and various grocery stalls at the end of the bridge. Two stall owners are competing to greet a passer-by to see their goods. This is actually a meeting point of land and water transportation, which can be called the climax of the picture.

In the main channel of the wharf, a cargo ship goes upstream, and the sailors on the starboard side of the ship are watching closely to deal with it at all times, so as to avoid collision with the berthed ship. It's very important to walk safely in the river. A boat in front of the bow is moored at the wharf. A sailor has come out from xinzuoyu. He always pays attention to the movement of the boat and is ready to eliminate the collision between the boats. It seems that the boat in progress is about to dock. The "touxian" (the first man in the fiber pulling team) of the boat has turned back to ask his friends to collect the fibers. Looking up the river, there are eight Rowers on a boat. It can be seen that the speed of the current is very fast, and a helmsman is closely watching the water and ship conditions in the forward direction. A passenger ship in front is busy berthing. Here is the passenger terminal. There are more than 20 people on the passenger ship working hard. Several boatmen on the top of the ship are taking in the sails and mast. Some boatmen are receiving the cables thrown from the Hongqiao bridge, preparing to pull the passenger ship to the wharf, and then fasten it to the bollard on the shore to increase the stability of the passenger ship. The sailors on the port side support the ship to the wharf with boat wormwood, In order to increase the power of approaching the wharf, two sailors at the bow of the ship propped the ship to the right and turned to pay attention to the wharf, so as to align the passenger ship with the wharf and adjust the strength of the tug. Another boatman waved forward with his right hand to command the boatman of the wharf. It seems that he should be the boatswain of the passenger ship. The passenger ship has a wide body and good stability. The boatmen perform their duties skillfully and coordinate their actions very well. It seems that they are a group of very high-quality boatmen. The cabin and the deck are closed and blocked, and there are hatch doors for guests to enter and leave. The hatch will never be opened before the ship stops. The safety measures are very strict

Chinese PinYin : Qing Ming Shang He Tu