Xu Fu's hometown

Xu Fu's hometown

Xu Fu's hometown is in Xufu village, Jinshan Town, Ganyu District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province. According to unearthed cultural relics, Ganyu District belonged to Qi Prefecture in the Warring States period and Langya Prefecture in the Qin Dynasty. As a result, Xufu village, one kilometer south of Jinshan Township in the north of Ganyu District, Jiangsu Province, is also known as Xu Fu's hometown. Another saying is that in today's Xufu town of Longkou (formerly known as Xuxiang county), Xufu is a famous alchemist and great navigator of the Qin Dynasty in Chinese history. More than 2200 years ago, he led thousands of young boys and girls to sail eastward with all kinds of grain and all kinds of labor, creating a precedent of friendship between China, Japan and South Korea, which has been respected by the people of China, Japan and South Korea for generations.

Regional overview

Today, in Xufu Town, there is a Xugong temple, which carries the Qianshan Mountain worshipped by Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty,

Facing Laishan, the site of Yuezhu temple, one of the eight gods of Qi, it covers an area of 6600 square meters. The whole building is composed of four parts: ancestral gate, East and west side hall and main hall, striving to reflect the architectural characteristics and style of Qin Dynasty. Inside the hall, there is a vivid statue of Xu Fu. He holds a bamboo slip in his hand. His eyebrows are slightly wrinkled. His eyes are alert and full of spirit. It seems that he has a strategic mind. On the left is a boy holding a sword, and on the right is a girl holding a gourd with medicine. He accompanies him to search for the immortal mountain in the sea and collect the elixir of immortality. When people visit Xugong temple, they seem to go back to the Qin Dynasty more than 2000 years ago and feel the social customs of that time.

Ancient records

LaoHuang county is known as Xu Township and Shi Township in history. As for the name of Xu Xiang, Yu Qin, a historian of Yuan Dynasty, said in his book Qi Cheng that "Gai was named after Xu Fu's pursuit of immortality". Ban Gu of the Han dynasty recorded in his Geography annals of the Han Dynasty that there were 17 counties in Donglai County, and finally Xu township. In Qing Dynasty, Wang Xianqian's supplementary notes to Hanshu was quoted from Qin Dynasty as "in the name of Xufu seeking immortality" to supplement the origin of Xuxiang. According to the explanation in the continued archaeological records of Shandong Province, "Xu township is the scholar Township, and the scholar Xu is the voice transfer.". Until the Qing Dynasty, some scholars still called Huang County Xu Xiang in their articles, such as Huang County in Xianfeng Period

Peng Qiandao, the father of county magistrate Peng Jiuling, said in his "a tale of the pure wind in Huangyi": "I was raised in Huangyi. Huang, ancient Xu village. With the rise of the humanities, there are more than one official generation, and more than one scholar steaming the ancient style. " Chen Jiasheng, who served as the Secretary of training in Huangxian county during the Guangxu period, said in his "Yiwei Huangxian tuanlian official document copy brief book" that "Yu fengbuquan, the Secretary of training in Xuxiang, came from bangjianjing, Yinfeng, the courtesy of scholars and peasants, the beauty of the style and the simplicity, which is the crown of the county.". They not only affirmed the existence of Guxu Township, but also praised the rich land, developed economy, and the historical and social features of scholars and peasants. So why did Xu Fu pursue immortality in his hometown Xu? Because Xu Fu was a alchemist, and Xu Xiang was the center of the activities of the alchemists in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Gu Jiegang, a great historian, said in his book the alchemists and Confucian scholars of Qin and Han Dynasties: "the immortal is a special product of the state of Yan. This fashion extends to the state of Qi. The immortal's way is cultivated. The immortal's residence is in the Bohai Sea to the east of the state of Yan and the north of the state of Qi It's called the alchemist who advocates immortals "Fengchan book" says that "Qi Yan's sea alchemists", we can see that most of these people come from these two countries. " According to Gu Jiegang's conclusion, Xuxiang is the Bohai Sea area to the north of Qi, and it is the place where the activities of Qi's alchemists are most concentrated.

Sima Qian said in the book of Fengchan in historical records: "three years after ascending the throne So the first emperor traveled eastward to worship famous mountains, rivers and eight gods. Eight gods have existed since ancient times Four are the three mountains of Yin main temple, five are Zhifu of Yang main temple, and six are Laishan of Yue main temple. They are all in the north of Qi,

And the Bohai Sea. " There are four gods in the area of Bohai Sea with Huangxian County as the center. This area is the place that Emperor Qinshihuang must pass during his East tour. These four gods are also the gods he must worship. In order to flatter the emperor and seek immortality, the alchemists came here one after another. They took advantage of the natural scenes of islands and mirages in the Bohai Sea to preach the theory of sea immortals. This is the reason for the formation of the activity center of the alchemists. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the status of Huangxian as the center of alchemists' activities had not diminished. According to the book of Fengchan in historical records, "Shang (Emperor Hanwu) then went on a tour to the east to worship the eight gods. There were thousands of people who said strange things above the Qi people." in the spring, Gongsun Qingyan saw the God Man Donglai mountain, and Ruoyun "wanted to see the son of heaven" So he went to Donglai and stayed there for a few days. He saw no sign of anything, but a large number of people. Here, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty patrolled the sea to the East, that is, the Bohai Sea area with Huangxian County as the center. "Donglai" is Huangxian, where the old city of Donglai is located. "Donglai mountain" is the Laishan mountain where the moon Lord, one of the eight gods, is located. Huangxian county and Laishan in Huangxian County attracted every attention of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty

The reason why we must come here for the second tour to the East is that the book of Fengchan in historical records says: "Shen Gong said ' There are eight famous mountains in the world, three in barbarians and five in China. Huashan, Shoushan, Taishi, Taishan and Donglai are the five mountains that the Yellow Emperor often toured, meeting with gods, fighting with the Yellow Emperor and learning from immortals. " Donglai, one of the five mountains, is in Huangxian county. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came here for a few days' stay, which further expanded the popularity of the Fangshi activity center in Huangxian county. Therefore, in the Han Dynasty, the Qi local alchemists who came here to seek immortality "said that the number of gods and monsters was ten thousand.". It is also recorded in the book of Fengchan in historical records that Li Shaojun, the alchemist who had always been believed by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, died, thinking that he was "immortal" and "made Huang Xuan Shi Shu accept his skill". The reason is that Shi Shukuan is a leader in the activity center of alchemists in Huangxian.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the alchemists' belief in immortality gradually changed from the mountain culture to the ocean culture. The Laishan mountain in Huangxian County, which is "the land of the immortal caves", and the vast Bohai Sea, which is "the land of heaven and earth floating day and night", all induce and inspire the alchemists to explore the mystery of the universe and seek the way to prolong people's life. The grand gathering of alchemists here at that time can be seen from the records of historical records. It is an important material to study the history of religion and folklore in Huangxian county.

history

Xu Fu's deeds can be found in "the chronicle of the first emperor of Qin" and "biographies of Hengshan in Huainan" in historical records

(it is called "Xushi" in the book of Qin Shihuang and "Xufu" in Hengshan biography of Huainan). According to historical records, Qin Shihuang hoped to live forever. In 219 BC, Xu Shi wrote that there were three fairy mountains in the sea, Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou, where immortals lived. So Qin Shihuang sent Xushi to lead thousands of young boys and girls, as well as the grain, clothing, medicine and farming tools that had been prepared for three years, into the sea to seek immortality, which cost a lot of money. However, Xu Shi led the public to go out to sea for several years, but he did not find the holy mountain. In 210 BC, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty visited Langya in the East. Xu Shituo said that after going to sea, he encountered a huge obstacle of mackerel and was unable to sail far away. He asked for more shooters to deal with the mackerel. The first emperor of Qin promised to send a shooter to shoot a big fish. Later, Xu Fu led the crowd to the sea again and came to "Guangze plain" (probably Kyushu, Japan). He felt that the local climate was warm, the scenery was beautiful, and the people were friendly. He stopped to become king and taught the local people farming, fishing, whaling, and tipping paper. Later, various historical books recorded Xu Fu's going to sea, but there were different opinions about the place he arrived. Zhizhou is recorded in the Three Kingdoms annals, the biography of Wu sovereign power, the later Han annals, the biography of yiliezhuan in the eastern and later Han annals, and the kuodizhi annals, but the specific location is unknown. In the late Zhou Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, Yichu, a monk, for the first time explicitly mentioned the destination of Xu Fu's final arrival in the "outline of the city Japan" in the six stickers of Yichu

It's Japan, today's Qin family After Xu Fu arrived, he called Mount Fuji Penglai. More than 2200 years ago, the first emperor of Qin obtained the supreme power. In order to enjoy such power forever, he dreamed of immortality. So, constantly send people to seek the elixir of immortality. On one occasion, after the first emperor of Qin had completed his visit to Mount Tai, he passed Longkou, which was also called Huangxian county at that time. Under the arrangement of the local leader, Xu Fu, the alchemist, met the emperor as a local celebrity and continued his investigation with the delegation. When it came to Langya (now Jiaonan), Xu Fu formally wrote that there were three God mountains in the Bohai Sea, in which there lived immortals. After eating the mountain's elixir, they all lived forever. He was willing to go through fire and water to get the elixir for the emperor. Qin Shihuang was very happy, gave him a lot of gold and silver treasures, ordered him to go into the sea to seek immortals. But soon, Xu Fu came back and said that he had met the immortals, but the immortals were not polite enough. They needed beautiful boys and girls and all kinds of craftsman's tools as gifts to get the elixir. So Qin Shihuang sent 500 boys and girls to go out with Xu Fu again.

The next year, the first emperor of Qin toured East again and came to see Xu Fu. Although he was attacked by assassin Zhang Liang with a big hammer, he still arrived at Langya as planned, but he didn't see Xu Fu. When he saw Xu Fu again, it was his third tour to the East ten years later. Xu Fu still didn't find the elixir. His explanation is as follows: he was about to get the elixir, but there were big fish on the sea to protect the mountain, and success was on the verge of success. This time, Qin Shihuang personally led the archers to fight with the big Jiaoyu, killed a big shark, and went back happily,

I think it's ok now. Xu Fu can finally get the elixir. However, he did not wait for the elixir. On the way back to Xianyang, he died. In order to usurp the throne, his subordinates did not lose their lives. The whole nation did not know that Xu Fu, who had no excuse, could not ride a tiger for a while. So in 210 BC, he took a great team of immortals to travel across the sea, looking for the illusory three magic mountains and the elixir. Since then, he has never returned to the Central Plains. Hometown dispute: May 16, Li Yi

Chinese PinYin : Xu Fu Gu Li