Zhou Dawen's former residence

Zhou Dawen's former residence

Zhou Dawen's former residence, also known as "Zhou mansion", is located in the south of Heping Street, Weicheng, Zhenyuan County. It was originally built by Zhou Bingyuan, Zhou Dawen's grandfather, in the early years of Guangxu. His father, Zhou Ying, inherited his ancestral estate. Zhou Dawen's former residence is also the former site of Zhenyuan underground branch of the Communist Party of China.

brief introduction

Zhou Ying studied in Japan in 1905. After returning home, he served as counsellor and Consul of the national government in Japan. Later he was a diplomat. Zhou Dawen's former residence covers an area of 1250 square meters. It is a quadrangle courtyard, surrounded by tall wind and fire walls, with front and back patios, front hall, back hall and wing room. There is a gold plaque of "Zhou Dawen's former residence" written by Comrade Wu Xiuquan on the front door. There is a marble statue of Zhou Dawen in the center of the main hall. On the left is the living room, with ancient wooden beds and cabinets. On the right is the exhibition hall, with display boards and cabinets with pictures and texts. It introduces Zhou Dawen's life and the underground branch of the Communist Party of China in detail. It also shows Stalin's letter to Zhou Dawen, Zhou Dawen's autobiography and the photos of the members of the underground branch of the Communist Party of China in Zhenyuan. Zhou Dawen's former residence is also the former site of Zhenyuan underground branch of the Communist Party of China.

Personage introduction

Zhou Dawen, formerly known as Zhou Dading, was an early revolutionary activist. He was born in Zhenyuan in 1903. During the May 4th movement, Zhou Dawen became the chairman of the student union of Zhenyuan. He was expelled from school because he took to the streets to expose the "twenty one" traitor treaty.

He moved to Beijing with his father in 1920. He was admitted to Peking University with the graduation certificate of his second brother (Zhou Dawen), and later used this name. In the second year, he was admitted to the Russian Academy.

In 1924, he went to the Oriental University of the Soviet Union to study.

In 1925, he served as secretary of the provisional Party group and led 118 members of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to study at Sun Yat sen University in Moscow, the Soviet Union. Zhou Dawen was a student and a staff member, engaged in educational administration and translation.

In 1937, Wang Ming and Kang Sheng were jealous and took advantage of Stalin's interview. Zhou Dawen was falsely accused, resulting in his unjust death in the Soviet Union during the expansion of the Soviet Union.

In 1987, the CPC Central Committee rehabilitated Zhou Dawen and allocated funds to repair his former residence. The former residence covers a total area of 1250 square meters, with a total construction area of 808 square meters. It is surrounded by high sealed fire brick walls to form a rectangular courtyard. The structure is rigorous and intact. It is a typical quadrangle ancient residence.

In 1985, it was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit at the provincial level. Zhou Dawen's former residence is also the former site of Zhenyuan branch of CPC, which was founded in 1938. At that time, the Guizhou Working Committee sent Comrade Tian Boping to Zhenyuan to establish the first party branch with Xie Suhang and Chen fashi. At that time, it played the role of a temporary County Committee, and the party's organizational activities had spread to Tongren, Shiqian, Sansui, Sinan, Shibing and other counties. In 1943, the party organization was destroyed and dissolved. Although it only existed for three years, it had a significant impact on the revolution in Zhenyuan.

history

In the 1920s, in khabanovsk (Boli), Siberia, the Soviet Union, there was a Chinese newspaper called "the road of the workers", whose name was always chiugonov. However, after 1937, this chiugonov suddenly disappeared, and no one mentioned his name again. After the publication of the complete works of Stalin, some people began to pay attention to him, because there is a letter to him in volume 9. Since Stalin himself replied to his letter and included it in the complete works as a precious document, he was obviously an important person. In volume 9, there is also a report made by Stalin for Chinese students at Sun Yat sen University in Moscow, translated by this same Qiu Gongluo. Who is chiugonov? Few people know except those who were with him at that time. He was inundated by history for half a century, and it was only in 1987 that he began to uncover the mystery of qiugongluo. Qiu Gongluo Fu was an outstanding member of the early Communist Party of China. His name was Zhou Dawen. Qiu Gongluo Fu was the Russian name he used in the Soviet Union. From the documents of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee to rehabilitate him, people know that Zhou, who is not named Qiu Gongluo, is a remote person from Guizhou.

The Zhou family is a respectable family in Zhenyuan. They live in a big house on the south side of Heping Street in the Acropolis. They are called "Zhou mansion". The residence is very lively. It covers an area of 250 square meters. It has two courtyards, front and back. The fire wall around it is more than 9 meters high. It looks solemn and elegant, deep and quiet, and antique. You can see from the gate tower that it is a big family. The door frame is inlaid with finely polished bluestone strips. There are carved pillow stones on both sides. There are clasps on the two dark doors. Under the single eaves and single slope pothed gatehouse, there is a foundation on the street. A regular script on the street, "Ru'nan Shi Di", is a distinguished family from the Central Plains. On the back of the seal script, the four characters of "walking in the middle of walking in harmony" show the family tradition of following the rules and taking harmony as the most important. The courtyard structure is rigorous. The entrance hall, main hall and back hall are arranged on a central axis. There are wing rooms in the East and West, which are balanced and symmetrical. The main hall, back hall and wing room are interconnected to form a "zouma corner building". The doors and windows are decorated with empty plaques, the hall is decorated with eight immortals table and Taishi chair, and there are calligraphy and paintings on the wall, which is very scholarly.

His grandfather Zhou Bingyuan built the residence in the early years of Guangxu. His father got married here and spent his youth here. His father's name was Zhou Ying. Soon after he passed the examination, he abolished the imperial examination. He had the honor to study in Japan, worked as a counsellor and Consul of the national government in Nagasaki, Japan, and later served in the Ministry of foreign affairs. He has four sons: his eldest son Zhou Daxuan, his second son Zhou Dawen, his third son Zhou Dading and his fourth son Zhou Dashi. Da Xuan went to Japan with his father and died. Dawen entered the official career and was the magistrate of bazhai (now Danzhai) and Weining County. How could the Zhou family have two Zhou Dawen? It turned out that Qiu Gongluo, formerly known as Zhou Dading, was expelled from the school when he was in middle school because he opposed the "21 articles" signed by Yuan Shikai and Japan and boycotted Japanese goods. Later, I went to apply for the Russian Department in Beijing. What can I do if I don't have a diploma? I borrowed Zhou Dawen's "graduation certificate of Daoli middle school" from my second brother. From then on, I used this name that didn't belong to him. Although the Zhou family has two "Devons", it doesn't matter. Anyway, they all have their own number. The second brother is Fu Shi, and the third brother is Qu Gong. The family and relatives and friends can never be mistaken. As for the society, there are different circles. One works in the officialdom, the other participates in the revolution. What's more, the Third Elder does secret work and lives in the Soviet Union for a long time.

Because of his work, his father moved his family to Beijing, and Zhou Dawen went to study in Beijing. He is a highly talented student in Russian college. He can speak fluent Russian and translate Russian skillfully. He naturally knows more about the Soviet Union than others. He joined the Communist Youth League of China in 1923. In the autumn of that year, Fan Hong and Li shouchang introduced him to the Communist Party. Who do you think Li shouchang is? He is Li Dazhao, one of the founders of the Communist Party of China. Zhou Dawen, 21, is an outstanding social activist who was elected president of the Fifth National Student Union. On March 12, 1925, when Dr. Sun Yat Sen died in Beijing, the Soviet Communist Party decided to establish a school in Moscow to train Oriental revolutionary cadres, named "Sun Yat sen University", which is commonly known as Moscow Sun Yat sen University. Zhou Dawen went to the Soviet Union at that time.

At that time, under Sun Yat Sen's three major policies of "uniting Russia, the Communist Party, and supporting agriculture and industry", both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party sent people to the Soviet Union to study. The first group of 118 students were from the Communist Party, including Wang Jiayang, Zhang Wentian, Wu Xiuquan, Wu Lanfu, Zuoquan, and the Kuomintang, including Jiang Jingguo, Gu Zhenggang, Pu Zhengding, and Kangze. They are the "top figures" of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and have an important position in history, and Zhou Dawen is the leader. He is not only a student, but also the head of the Ministry of education in China. He is also in charge of educational administration and translation. In the early spring of the second year, the European branch of the Communist Party of China sent 24 members from France and other places to study in the Soviet Union, including Deng Xixian (Deng Xiaoping), Fu Zhong, Li zhuoran, etc. There is a particularly eye-catching group in the school, which gathers important students from the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and is known as the "theorist group". Deng Xiaoping, Zhou Dawen and Fu Zhong all work in this group.

My father Deng Xiaoping, written by Mao Mao, has a title of mother Zhang Xiyuan, which leads to some touching stories. At that time, there were more than 20 female students studying in Sun Yat sen University. Among them, there were two sisters. Their sister's name was Zhang Xiyuan, and her sister's name was Zhang Xirui. They were from Fangshan County, Hebei Province. In middle school, they took part in the revolution together and went to the Soviet Union to study together. Zhang Xiyuan is dignified, beautiful and generous. She met Deng Xiaoping at Sun Yat sen University. She is a classmate and a comrade in arms. There seems to be a mysterious and hazy aura between them. After a few years apart, she suddenly met in Wuhan. She was very happy and soon married. Unfortunately, she died two years later. Her sister Zhang Xirui was only 17 or 18 years old when she arrived in Moscow. She fell in love with Zhou Dawen and got married in the Soviet Union. But later he returned to China to participate in revolutionary activities and died in Tianjin. There is also a little sister named Zhang Xizhen (later renamed Zhang Xiaomei). After Deng Xiaoping introduced her, she married Xu Bing, a classmate of Sun Yat sen University. After liberation, Xu became the head of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee. The three sisters of Zhang Jia married three great revolutionaries and left a wonderful story.

At that time, the struggle within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was very fierce. The group that supported Lenin was the majority, known as "Bolsheviks", and the group that supported Trotsky was known as "Mensheviks". Chinese students at Sun Yat sen University are all involved

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Da Wen Gu Ju