East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve

East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve

East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, in the northeast of Hunan Province, and in the south of Jingjiang section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The four rivers (Xiang, Zi, yuan and Li) are integrated in the South and the Yangtze River is transferred to the north, covering an area of 190300 hectares.

Established in 1982, the nature reserve is the only national wetland type reserve in Hunan Province and one of 51 national demonstration reserves in China. In 1994, it was promoted to a national nature reserve.

It is one of the 21 international important wetland nature reserves included in the International Convention on wetlands and designated by the Chinese government. The main protected objects are wetlands and rare birds.

In January 2015, it was selected into the first IUCN green list.

Historical evolution

In 1982, the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve was established.

In 1992, China acceded to the Convention on Wetlands of international importance, which is one of the first six important international wetlands to which China acceded.

In 1994, it was upgraded to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council.

On February 8, 2018, the State Council agreed to adjust the scope of the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve. After the adjustment, the area, scope and functional zoning of the reserve will be announced by the Ministry of environmental protection.

geographical environment

position

Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve is located in the south of Jingjiang section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, in Yueyang City, Yueyanglou District, Junshan District, Huarong County, Yueyang County and Quyuan District, between 28 ° 59 ″ n to 29 ° 38 ″ E and 112 ° 43 ″ e to 113 ° 15 ″ e, close to Yueyang City, a famous historical and cultural city in Northern Hunan.

landforms

The East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province is low and flat with a slope of about 3% to the north. The overall landform is a shallow basin plain with little fluctuation. The East Bank of the lake is hilly land with an altitude of 40-80m. It is an urban landscape covered by evergreen broad-leaved forest. The West Bank of the lake is a fluvial and lacustrine plain with an altitude of 30-36 M. a dike is built along the lake bank with an altitude of about 30 m. the dike is a flat pastoral farming area. The lake basin is inclined to the northeast with an altitude of 30-10m. During the wet season, the water surface is covered up. With the decline of water level, gentle reed beach, grassland, mudflat and sandbank appear in turn.

climate

The East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province is located in the middle subtropical transitional climate zone. Due to the influence of East Asian monsoon and huge rivers and lakes water, it has the climate characteristics of mild and humid, abundant light and heat, windy and rainy, and four distinct seasons.

Because the area is located in the subtropical humid climate zone, it has sufficient sunshine and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 17c ° with the highest year of 17.8 C ° and the lowest year of 16.2 C ° respectively. The interannual variation is relatively stable. The average annual precipitation is 1200-1300 ml, the annual precipitation days are 135-160 days, the annual snowfall is 8-11 days, the snow cover is 5-8 days, and the frost free period is 285 days.

Wetland

East Dongting Lake is the largest lake in the Dongting Lake system, with an average annual discharge of 312.6 billion cubic meters. The annual capacity of the lake is 17.8 billion cubic meters, the water depth is 4-22m, the maximum water level drop is 17.76m, and the pH is 6.8-8.6. Its landform is the wetland landscape of ditch and harbor. The soil is lake marsh soil and river marsh soil. The annual average temperature is 17 ℃, the annual average temperature of lake water is 17.5 ℃, the total precipitation is 1200-1330 mm, and the frost free period is 258-275 days.

Area range

The East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province starts from the main channel boundary of the Yangtze River, Hunan and Hubei provinces in the north and ends at leishishan in the south. Its management scope covers the whole East Dongting Lake and its surrounding plain. The environment around the reserve can be divided into Hudong city and Huxi plain. The total area of the reserve is 190000 hectares, including 29600 hectares of core area, 35800 hectares of buffer area and 124600 hectares of experimental area.

Protected objects

The Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province mainly protects the ecological and biological resources of Dongting Lake wetland,

Botany

East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve in Hunan province belongs to pan Arctic flora, China Japan forest flora subregion. There are 1186 species of vascular plants belonging to 159 families in the reserve, including 1129 species of angiosperms belonging to 135 families and 25 species of gymnosperms belonging to 5 families. In particular, 16 species of Phyllostachys are found in Junshan less than 1km2, which is considered to be the area with the most abundant variation of Phyllostachys in Hunan Province.

East Dongting Lake is rich in submerged, floating and emergent plants. 131 species of aquatic plants belonging to 75 genera and 40 families were recorded. Common submerged plants include Carex, Hydrilla, floating plants include lotus, Euryale ferox and duckweed; emergent plants include water candle and reed. The wetland is surrounded by rice fields and other crops.

animal

Hunan East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve is one of the 200 biodiversity hotspots in the world recognized by WWF. The species that depend on it are very rich. A total of 338 species of birds have been monitored and recorded over the years. Among them, white crane, white headed crane, white stork, black stork, great bustard, Chinese merganser and white tailed Sea Eagle are the first-class national protection, and cygnet and mandarin duck are the second-class protection There are 47 species of freshwater fishes, including Chinese sturgeon and white sturgeon, eel and rouge, Baiji dolphin and finless porpoise, and 68 other aquatic animals.

Protection area management

In 1994, Hunan East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve strengthened the management of the nature reserve through a series of work, such as Dongting Lake International Bird Watching Festival, Yueyang forum, Dongting Lake Wetland Ecological Park and Dongting Lake Ecological Protection Fund. It was awarded "National Nature Reserve demonstration unit" by the State Forestry Administration and "bird watching capital of China" by China Wildlife Protection Association. In December 2007, the Yueyang Forum on wetland protection and sustainable utilization, which was attended by 14 countries from five continents, released the landmark "Dongting Lake declaration" in the history of wetland protection.

present situation

The results show that the water surface of Dongting Lake is shrinking, and the water level is decreasing compared with the same period of previous years; the number of wintering birds is decreasing; the environmental quality of waterfowl habitat is decreasing; and the aquatic organisms are decreasing.

measures

Yueyang county fishery administration bureau of Hunan Province issued a notice of banning fishing, and the period of banning fishing is from April to June every year. The nature reserve should strengthen management, strengthen publicity and education, take advantage of packaging and marketing, strengthen cooperation with birdwatching organizations, cultivate birdwatching tourism market, build the platform of dongdongting National Wetland Park, make overall planning and layout, develop reasonably and orderly, and reduce wetland damage Strengthen cross regional and cross sectoral cooperation, protect the environment, reduce and control pollution.

Dongting Lake is managed by forestry, agriculture, environmental protection, land and other departments. There are some problems in the coordination of various departments, so it is necessary to strengthen inter departmental cooperation. In addition, because the construction of the Three Gorges dam has a certain impact on the water level of Dongting Lake, it is also necessary to consider inter regional cooperation, establish and improve the joint office and law enforcement mechanism for resource protection, and increase law enforcement.

The scientific and ecological water transfer mechanism of Dongting Lake in winter should be established, the ecological guarantee water level of Dongting Lake should be reasonably determined, the scientific water transfer organization should be established, and the ecological water level early warning plan should be established. For example, the Yangtze River Basin should establish a unified water level dynamic regulation mechanism.

Status value

The Dongting Lake Nature Reserve in Hunan Province mainly protects the ecological environment and biological resources of Dongting Lake wetland. Millions of waterfowls such as geese and ducks live here every year, including the small white geese, which account for more than 60% of the global population. It is one of the most typical migratory birds in the reserve. The region also plays a very important role in the regional species protection network, such as the crane migration network in Northeast Asia, the wild goose and duck migration network in East Asia and the wading bird migration network in East Asia Australia. It is known as "the hope place to save the world's frequently endangered species" and "the model of harmonious coexistence between man and nature".

environment disruption

Caisang lake, located in the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, is a ten thousand mu inner lake of East Dongting Lake. Once known as the "paradise of migratory birds", it was once a vast expanse of green water, but now it is rented by the town government at a price of 3.7 million yuan per year, and it has become a crab pond.

Separated from Caisang lake, it is the "core area" of Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve, which is strictly protected. However, Caisang lake is designated as "experimental area" with the same ecological status as Yueyang Tower. The experimental area means that Caisang lake is allowed to be "moderately developed".

Address: Junshan District, Yueyang City, Hunan Province

Longitude: 113.006435

Latitude: 29.461106

Tel: 0730-8889241; 0730-88

Chinese PinYin : Dong Dong Ting Hu Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu