Jining Dongda Temple

Dongda Temple

synonym

Jining Dongda Temple generally refers to Dongda Temple (Dongda temple, Jining City, Shandong Province)

Jining Dongda temple, Islamic mosque, is located in Shanghe West Street, xiaozhakou, Jining City, Shandong Province. Because the temple gate is near the West Bank of the Grand Canal, it is commonly known as "shunhedong Temple". It was first built in the Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty. After several repairs in Ming and Qing Dynasties and contemporary times, the building area has reached 4134 square meters. Because Qianmen is adjacent to the old canal, it is commonly known as "shunhedong Temple". The plaque in front of the gate is inscribed by the famous calligrapher Chen Jinyan. Because it is located in the east of nine Muslim temples in the city, it is called Dongda temple for short.

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Brief introduction to temples

Jining Dongda temple is located at No.4, shanghexi street, xiaozhakou, Yuehe street. It is located on the Bank of Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal and built according to the river. Therefore, it is commonly known as "Shunhe halal Dongda Temple". The temple covers an area of 7200 square meters, with a construction area of 4000 square meters. It was first built in Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 600 years. It began to take shape in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, and began to take shape in the Kangxi and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty. Together with Jining Xida temple, Nanjing Jingjue temple, Xi'an Huajue temple and Lanzhou qiaomenjie temple, it is known as the five major ancient mosques in China, especially Jining Dongda temple. Approved by the State Council in 2006, it was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Dongda temple is a standard dragon head building complex. On the central axis, there are four main buildings: gate, Bangke Pavilion, main hall and moon tower. On both sides of the central axis are north-south lecture hall, water room and stele gallery. The main hall is the main building of the temple, with a width of 28 meters, a depth of more than 40 meters, and the highest point of about 30 meters, with a construction area of 1057 square meters. The main hall has three parts: the rolling shed, the front hall and the back kiln hall, which are composed of the form of linking. The hall is supported by 40 vermilion wooden pillars and 12 stone pillars. The back kiln hall is a three storey pavilion with a hexagonal top. The top of the kiln is steep, undulating and scattered, with a series of brackets under the eaves, flying wings and corners, covered with yellow green glazed tiles, and inlaid with bronze gilt bottles on the top, which is full of brilliance. At the back of the hall is the "moon tower", which is famous for its exquisite brick and wood structure.

In 2009, the Party committee and government of Jining City and Shizhong District renovated the Dongda temple, opened to the public on May 1, and was rated as a national 3A scenic spot in November. Over the past two years, it has received more than 130000 domestic and foreign tourists, of which more than 2000 from 30 countries have come to visit the temple, which has achieved good social benefits and is an important window for promoting Jining.

According to the stele of the sixth year of tongzhi (1867) in the temple, there will be an ancient temple in shunshi tomorrow, in Taidong Mianhua street, Jining. Later, in Chenghua of Ming Dynasty, Ma Hualong and his son, the head of the local Muslim society, contributed to move the temple to the present place. According to the stele of shunhedong temple built in 1940, the temple was founded in the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, and rebuilt by Muslims during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. The scale of the building is magnificent, "Xun is the top of the Moslem temples in the north and the south.". According to the stele in the first year of Tongzhi, it was rebuilt in the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. "Its spirit ranks first in the national mosque wooden architecture", is a "dragon head" style Chinese palace style Islamic architecture group. The main buildings are arranged by the east-west axis, followed by the preface temple, the main hall and the moon tower.

On the west side of Jining Muslim Dongda temple, there used to be a famous temple called "Xida Temple". The two temples are like twin brothers, one east and one west, standing by the ancient Yunhe River, witnessing the glory and vicissitudes of Qilu. Now Xida Temple no longer exists, leaving only deep memories and thoughts.

According to the research of architects, the gate of the temple is a legacy of the Ming Dynasty, and other architectural forms were built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The temple is one of the representative works of Islamic architecture in China, with tall buildings, strict layout, reasonable structure and exquisite workmanship. On May 25, 2006, Jining Dongda temple, as an ancient building from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be listed in the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Temple style

The temple faces east from the west, with a construction area of 4134 square meters. The temple gate faces the Grand Canal. There are four gates in total. The first gate is of wooden fence type. Behind the fence stands a stone stele square, with relief sculptures of lions, sheep, unicorns, mountains and rivers, flowers, etc. the large and small beams are all carved with rolled grass. The stone square is decorated on both sides by the left sun and the right moon, so it is called "Sun Moon square". There are three gates and five purlins behind the stone square. The roof is built in Xieshan, with green glass and yellow trimming, and there is a Dragon Ridge. On the left and right sides of the gate are carved drum stones, Panlong pillars and panhua pillars, with eight character walls on both sides of the gate.

Two doors for double eaves dome, under the eaves with vertical columns, shaped like a building, for the "Bunker building.". There are six North and six South lecture halls. There are 7 rooms and 15 purlins in the main hall of worship, supported by 24 thick wooden pillars with two sides. The top of the hall is a roll shed type, covered with yellow green glazed tiles. The top ridge and 8 hanging ridges are decorated with dragon tail. The top of the hall is inlaid with copper gilt vase. All the windows around the hall are made of gold Phoebe, which is a square pattern in Arabic. The Imam's living room and bath room are located on both sides of the hall. Behind the main hall is the moon tower, a three story attic with a hexagonal roof. The back door building and the back archway are overlapped, which are tall and majestic wooden buildings. In the 1980s, it was repaired many times. It's back to its original shape.

Dongda temple Baogu stone, panlongzhu, stone pillar base above the carving, are rare fine. In particular, it is worth mentioning that the stone sun moon square built in the spring of the 30th year of Kangxi (1691), with three doors and four pillars, is made of white marble and selected stone. It is generous, stable and majestic. Because there are sun and moon patterns on the cloud board, it is called Sun Moon square. It is different from the general archway in that there is no cloud pattern on the top of the four pillars, the two sides of the pillars are carved with exquisite throne, the middle pillar is carved with octagonal flat base balustrade Pavilion, and the cross beam of the archway is carved into treasure bottles. The base, the drum and the clamping rod are full of flowers. There is a stone vase at the top of the center. There are stone clouds flying on both sides. A red sun and a crescent moon are dragging on the clouds. It makes people feel that there is stillness in motion and movement in stillness. The universe is in the eye. The whole body of the stone square is pure and white, and it complements the green glaze of the eight character wall behind the gate. Under the reflection of green water, blue sky and white clouds, it has a unique style, which is very pleasing to the eyes and the heart. It also shows the tranquility and solemnity of the ancient temple.

Temple architecture

Preface Temple

It includes wooden gate, stone square, gate, bunker building and North-South lecture hall, with "mosque" engraved on the forehead. Bunk house is specially designed for reading the Koran and calling Muslims to worship during Ramadan.

audience hall

It is the main building of the temple, which is composed of rolling shed, main hall and rear Hall (also known as rear kiln Hall). The rolling shed is in front of the main hall, with 5 rooms wide and 2 rooms deep. In front of it, there are horizontal eaves and columns, which are open on three sides and connected with the front eaves of the main hall. The main hall is a single eaves Xieshan style building, with 12 front wooden doors and lattice flowers and trees. The Arwen pattern is carved and inlaid with gold wire. There is a red painted gold plaque on the middle of the door. Built in 24 vermilion wooden pillars, it supports the upper structure of 42 buildings. The back eaves connect the three-story back hall with three wide rooms and two deep rooms. There is a symbolic "holy cage" in the center of the hall, and the upper part is a hexagonal cusp kiln roof. The top of the kiln is steep and undulating, with a series of brackets under the eaves, flying wings and corners, covered with yellow green glazed tiles, 16 rolling dragons on the ridge, two giant beads on the Zhongyu, and cloud dragons, animals and tail on the hanging ridge. On the top of the six corner building, there is a bronze gilt vase, which looks like "the dangerous building is a hundred feet high, and the stars can be picked by hand". The hall is exquisitely decorated, painted, simple and elegant. The clean and spacious space can accommodate more than 2000 people for "worship" activities.

Moon tower

About 6 meters behind the main hall is the "moon tower", which is the place for Muslims to climb up and watch the moon during Ramadan. The building is a double-layer, brick and wood structure, with a bucket arch overhanging eaves, covered with green glazed tiles. The main ridge is vertical, and the decoration is exquisite. The dragon, Phoenix and flowers are especially exquisite. The whole building has long been famous for its exquisite and unique style. There is a bath room in the north of the building, and the former headmaster's room is in the south, and the back door is next to the downstairs. The back door is also a memorial archway building, with a plaque of "worshiping the temple with ancient rites" hanging on it. Two stone carving pillars are exquisitely carved, showing the feeling of flying to the dancing Phoenix. The high relief flower patterns show the good and bad ingenuity. With the front gate of the carved dragon Baozhu into fun, the "dragon xiangfengzhu" auspicious mood.

Surrounding landscape

Behind the mosque, it is close to the densely populated downtown area. In order to coordinate with the surrounding environment and ensure the beauty of the mosque, architects use the archway as the back door. The back door is three deep and three wide, with a door in the middle. The splayed walls on both sides of the back door are outspread, and there is a fence in front of the door, which sets off the central single room and single story archway. There is only one mosque with such a magnificent Queen's gate. In this way, on the central axis of hundreds of meters from east to west, which is almost perpendicular to the North-South canal, from the stone square, the gate, the North-South lecture hall to the main hall, the building height rises step by step, and the transition to the 30 meter high houyao hall is the highest. Then gradually ease back to the back door archway, the density is just right. The layout is reasonable, the arrangement is orderly, the main body is prominent, and the arrangement is orderly. All the buildings of the temple can be said to be tall and towering, and the posture is moving. Whether you look from the front of the temple, that is, from the east of the canal to the west, or from the back of the temple to the East, it gives people a kind of amazing and relaxed feeling.

Religious connotation

l. The main hall must face east from the West. This is compliance

Chinese PinYin : Ji Ning Dong Da Si