Lu Wang Ling

Located in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, at the foot of Fenghuang mountain, Lu Wang mausoleum is the best preserved Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty vassal kings with the largest area in China. It is also the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council in 1996. The State Administration of cultural relics plans to include it in the expansion project of the Royal Mausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Xinxiang Municipal government is actively applying for the world cultural heritage of Lu Wang mausoleum. Lu Wang mausoleum is the mausoleum of Lu Jian Wang in Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Zhu Yiliu, the king of Lu bamboo slips (1568-1614 AD), was the fourth son of Mu Zong in Ming Dynasty. The tomb of Lu Jian is composed of Shinto, Lu Wang tomb and the second imperial concubine Zhao's tomb, with a total area of more than 400 mu. According to experts, the main architectural layout of Lu Jian King's mausoleum is basically the same as that of Ming emperor's mausoleum in Beijing. It is famous for its magnificent scale and exquisite stone carvings. It is of great significance to study the mausoleum shape of local vassal kings in the late Ming Dynasty, as well as the architecture and carving art at that time. It attracts tourists from all over the world with its exquisite stone carving art and magical folklore. Zhao's tomb is located 140 meters to the west of Lu's tomb. Zhao was Lu's "accompanying Concubine" before she died. She was two years younger than Lu's, but she died 13 years earlier. Zhao's wisdom, beauty and kindness were favored by Lu's. Therefore, after her death, Lu risked "heaven's rules" to build a mausoleum for her, and stood side by side with Lu's tomb One mountain, one water, which is rare in the history of Chinese imperial mausoleum architecture. In the past 400 years, Lu Jian mausoleum has attracted tourists from all over the world with its unique beautiful scenery, magnificent ancient architecture, exquisite stone carving art, and mysterious legends. The ancients once wrote poems praising: "the ancient palace is wrapped in empty mountains, the famous jade has old tombs", "the Qin Mausoleum and the Han tomb are not as romantic as this.".

Tomb of King Lu Jian

synonym

Lu tomb generally refers to Lu Jian tomb

The tomb of King Lu Jian is located at the southern foot of Fenghuang Mountain (the remaining vein of Taihang Mountain) 13 kilometers away from the northern suburb of Fengquan District, Xinxiang City, Henan Province. It is close to the mountain and has deep springs and gullies. At that time, it was called "Phoenix Mountain on the head, old Longtan on the feet, golden lantern temple in the left hand, and zhier mountain in the right hand". The scenery is very beautiful and pleasant. It is the best preserved and largest Ming Dynasty vassal mausoleum in China.

The owner of the tomb, Zhu Yiliu, is the ninth grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, the fourth son of Zhu Zaiyan, Emperor Mu Zong of the Ming Dynasty, and the only mother and brother of Zhu Yijun, Emperor Wanli, Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty. Its mausoleum was built in 1615, exactly like the Ming Tombs of Emperor Wanli in Beijing. Now it is a national AAAA scenic spot, known as "Dingling of Central Plains".

brief introduction

The tomb of King Lu Jian is composed of three parts: the eastern tomb area (the tomb of King Lu), the Western tomb area (the tomb of the second imperial concubine Zhao) and Shinto. It covers an area of more than 400 mu. Except for a few bricks and wood, almost all of its building materials are blue stone and white stone. It is known as the "stone city of Central Plains" by the local people.

history

The tomb of King Lu Jian has gone through many vicissitudes, including several wars, wind and rain erosion, and ten years of turmoil. The wooden structure buildings on the original ground, such as ling'en hall, ling'en gate, side hall, Ming Lou and many ancillary houses, have disappeared. In the tomb, a large number of precious gold, silver, copper, porcelain, jewelry, jade, brocade, embroidery and other funeral objects have been looted. The existing ancient buildings, a large number of stone sculptures and steles are still magnificent. In recent years, the state has successively allocated special funds for the comprehensive renovation of the tomb area of King Lu Jian to protect and repair ancient buildings, build gardens, cultivate trees and plants, and gradually make the style of ancient tombs reappear.

Due to the lack of literature, we can only infer from the existing inscriptions and the custom of building mausoleum in Ming Dynasty: the tomb of King Lu should be built in 1615 (the 40th year of Wanli), and the tomb of Princess Zhao should be built in the 30th year of Wanli. Today, they have gone through the vicissitudes of nearly 400 years. Several tall and towering wooden structures have been destroyed, and a large number of precious cultural relics in the tombs have been looted. However, the existing Ming Dynasty buildings and a large number of stone carvings and steles are still outstanding, which is also the leading one among the Ming Dynasty vassal mausoleums found in China.

In recent years, in order to protect this precious large-scale cultural heritage, the state and the local people's government have successively appropriated special funds to carry out a comprehensive revision of the tomb of King Lu, rebuilt the garden, and reproduced the style of the tomb. In December 1996, it was officially approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Today, it is attracting a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists with its simple and majestic appearance.

structure

The city wall covers an area of more than 80 mu, which is divided into three courtyards. All the buildings are carved with green stone. In the third courtyard, there is a round and vertical "Baocheng", with a height of 9.35 meters and a perimeter of about 70 meters. The total area of the underground palace is about 185 square meters. It is composed of five halls: the front, the middle, the back, the left and the right. All of them are stone arched buildings. The coffins are placed in the back hall.

More than 100 meters to the west of the tomb of the king of Lu Jian, there is the tomb of Zhao, the second imperial concubine, with a total area of about 50000 square meters. The architectural layout is roughly the same as that of the tomb of the king of Lu Jian. The two tombs stand side by side from east to west, facing south, covering an area of 157205 square meters. The architectural situation of the two tombs is similar to that of Dingling (the tomb of emperor Shenzong Wanli) in Beijing. The layout of the two tombs has greatly broken through the strict system of Ming Dynasty Mausoleum.

layout

The main architectural layout of Lu Jian tomb is basically the same as that of Ming mausoleum in Beijing. In front of the tomb, there is a stone workshop with exquisite carving, on which the regular script of "Lu Fan Jia city" is carved. The East and west sides of the stone square are juxtaposed with two stone tables carved with the pattern of cloud dragon. Kirin, which is 189.5 meters long, has 15 pairs of stone and stone animals on both sides. It has true to life, *, and so on. Both stone man and stone beast are carved from the whole piece of blue stone. The largest one is 2.77 meters high and the smallest one is 1.55 meters. Over the past four hundred years, despite the vicissitudes of generations and the erosion of wind and rain, it is still well preserved with clear details. It is a rare group of art treasures.

After walking the Shinto Road, you can cross a three hole Quanyu River Bridge made of white marble. Then you can walk more than 100 steps north to the main entrance of the tomb of King Lu Jian. A magnificent "Lu Fan Jia city" is displayed in front of you. The outer wall of Jiacheng is 324 meters long from north to South and 147 meters wide from east to west. The city wall is 6 meters high. All the walls are built with blue stones. The whole wall is solid and regular.

From the south to the north, the city is composed of three courtyards, namely, the first one is from the stone square of "Weiyue Jiangling" to lingenmen, the second one is from the north of lingenmen to the base of Xiangdian, the third one is from the stone square behind the base of zixiangdian, the last part from minglou to the cemetery "Baocheng". There are two inner walls between the East and West.

The round "treasure city" is behind the tombstone of the third courtyard and the five offerings. "Baocheng" is 9.35 meters high and 70 meters long, with stone steps inside to climb to the top. Under the "Baocheng" is the underground palace, which is the place where the coffin of Zhu Yizhen, king of Lu bamboo slips, is placed, 3.8 meters above the ground. The underground palace, with a total area of 185 square meters, is composed of five halls: the front, the middle, the back, the left and the right, all of which are stone arched. Lu Jian Wang's coffin was placed in the back hall.

More than 100 meters west from the tomb of King Lu Jian is the tomb of the second imperial concubine Zhao, with a total area of about 50000 square meters. The architectural layout is roughly the same as that of the tomb of King Lu Jian.

According to the records of Ming Dynasty, "Yi Fan lived in the vassal area, and asked him to support the field, but salt should not be ignored"; "except for Jing fan, Lu got the Jing, so he was a native of 40000 hectares." The massive construction of the tomb of King Lu is a miniature of the decadent life of the royal family in the Ming Dynasty. But the exquisite stone carvings vividly reflect the intelligence of our people. The cemetery has been turned into a scenic spot, and many tourists at home and abroad come to it.

characteristic

At the entrance of the mausoleum is a three Bay stone archway. At first glance, it is low and rigid in proportion, but the details are full of relief dragon patterns, which are very eye-catching. The dragon patterns on the columns on both sides are also in the form of high relief, which is a great feature of the mausoleum. Usually, the pillar and archway of Ming and Qing Imperial Mausoleums are staggered in spatial order, while here they stand side by side with one style. There is a pair of such columns beside the rows of inscriptions in the mausoleum, but they are only "semi-finished products" with three sculptures and one rough side. Is the project interrupted? Or on purpose? There is no record of this paragraph in history books, so it has become a mystery for thousands of years.

More distinctive is the stone statue behind the memorial archway. More than ten pairs of animals are crowded on both sides of the short corridor to welcome. The left and right species are exactly the same, but the male and female are different. Obviously, this scale is blatant. The details of these animals are different from those of other mausoleums of the same era: the style is simple and simple, the details are not stick to one pattern, but the finishing touch, but also the rich imagination. The idea of the beak and wings of this animal like and parrot like creature is more bold. Perhaps this is the heavenly beast, which carries people's wonderful dream and gallops freely between heaven and earth. There is also this rhinoceros like animal without horns. Its base is very stable, its head is full of fighting spirit, its body is covered with spiral curly hair, and its detailed depiction is meticulous, but the whole animal still looks rough. From Shiyang, we can feel the legacy of the Song Dynasty. There are few stone sheep in Ming and Qing imperial tombs, but they are very common in Northern Song imperial tombs. It can be imagined that the stone sheep here was built in imitation of the "good stone sheep on Hutuo mausoleum" in the Northern Song Dynasty. Gentle, warm and friendly, symbolizing the literati temperament of Song Dynasty. Perhaps Lu Jian's tomb is not far from the Northern Song Dynasty mausoleum in Henan Province

Chinese PinYin : Lu Wang Ling