Tomb of King Sulu

The tomb of King Sulu is located in Beiying village, North District of Dezhou City. It is a large-scale ancient tomb of a foreign monarch in China. The ancient Sulu kingdom is located in Sulu archipelago of the Philippines. It is an Islamic emirate. There are three princes in the country: the East King, the West King and the Dong king. The East King is respected. In the Ming Dynasty, the ancient Sulu Kingdom began to have close friendship with China. In July of 1417, the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, baduge bahaci, the eastern king of Sulu, together with the Western King and the Dong king, led more than 340 family members and followers to visit China. In Beijing, he was received ceremoniously by Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, and was granted the title of Wang Ciying. In September, he left for home. Unfortunately, Wang Zhongdong died of illness in Dezhou. When Emperor Yongle heard the obituary, he was deeply grieved. He sent Chen Shiqi, a doctor of the Ministry of rites, to Dezhou to hold a grand funeral for him. Tumaha, the eldest son of the East King, led the people to return to the country and succeed to the throne. His concubine Ge Muning, second son Wen Haci, third son an Dulu and more than 10 attendants stayed in China to guard the tomb, all of whom were paid by the imperial court. In the 21st year of Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty, the East Princess returned home. Pian Fei, Wen and an continued to guard the tomb. After her death, she was buried in the southeast corner of the tomb. During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, a mosque was built beside the tomb. In 1731, the descendants of the tomb keepers settled in Dezhou. At present, the two surnames of Diwen and an are descendants of the East King of Sulu state. There are more than 30 families and more than 120 people. They have reached the 16th-19th generation. The tomb of King Sulu is 6 meters high and 17 meters in diameter. The base of the tomb is round and protected by stone. It is surrounded by green pines and cypresses. The tombstone is titled "Tomb of King GONGDING of Sulu". In front of the tomb is a sacrificial temple. In the main hall, there is a portrait of the East King, and the East and West are the auxiliary hall and the corridor. In front of the temple stands a tall gate. The gate of the temple is the South Road of the mausoleum. On both sides of the gate, the stone instruments such as Weng Zhong, Shi Shi Shi, Shi Hu, Shi Bao, Shi Yang and Hua Biao are arranged symmetrically. The stone carvings are exquisite and vivid. In the imperial stele Pavilion of Emperor Yongle on the southeast side of the king's tomb, there is an inscription written by Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, "imperial stele of King Sulu and King Dongwang". Next to the pavilion are the tombs of Pianfei and two princes. On the south side of the cemetery is a mosque. The tomb of King Sulu is a historical witness of the friendship between China and the Philippines. In 1997, the tomb of King Sulu was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Shandong Province. In January 1998, it was announced by the State Council of the people's Republic of China as the third batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shandong Province.

Tomb of King Sulu

The tomb of King Sulu is also known as the tomb of King GONGDING of the state of Sulu and the tomb of King suludong,

It is a well preserved Mausoleum of the king in the early Ming Dynasty. Beiying village is located in the north of Dezhou City, Shandong Province,

It is one of the only two mausoleums of foreign monarchs in China (the other is the tomb of King sunI in Nanjing) and the only foreign mausoleum with foreign Royal descendants in China.

On the south side of Sulu's tomb, there are some subsidiary cultural relics, such as stele, stone man, stone horse, stone sheep, stone tiger and pillar. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to wars and floods, except for the king's tomb, stone man, stone horse and tombstone, other buildings have disappeared. From 1965 to 1986, the state and Shandong provincial government repeatedly allocated funds to repair and reinforce the tombs of the eastern king and his concubines and princes, rebuild ancestral temples and memorial archways, reinforce the imperial stele tower, place stone elephants, build walls, afforest the environment, and build sewers and drainage ditches.

In 1956, the tomb of King Sulu was listed as one of the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shandong Province. In 1986, Dezhou cultural museum was established to take charge of the protection, management and research of the tomb of King Sulu. On January 13, 1988, the tomb of King Sulu was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical evolution

Cemetery construction

The tomb of the eastern king of Sulu state was built in 1417, the 15th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. The base of the tomb faces south. It covers an area of about five mu. The base of the platform is a round earth mound. The lower part of the mound is surrounded by a stone wall. In front of the tomb is a tombstone erected in the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty.

In the 15th year of Yongle (1417), at jiashenshuo, the three kings of Sulu archipelago, Badu Geba Hassi, Badu Geba Hassi and Dong Wang, led a friendly delegation of more than 340 family members and officials to visit China. They were ceremoniously received by Emperor Yongle for 27 days.

At the end of the three kings' visit to Beijing, on September 13, 1417, when they arrived at anling (now Beiying), north of Dezhou, baduge bharatu, the king of the East, suffered from an emergency and died. The Ming Court attached great importance to this matter and ordered a "King's ceremony" to bury it. Special personnel were sent to Dezhou to hold a grand funeral for the East King.

The Ming Dynasty chose the site to build the mausoleum in the southwest of jiujiangying, a twelve company City in the north of Dezhou City, and proposed the posthumous title of "GONGDING".

He held a grand funeral for the East King and built a mausoleum in the southwest of jiujiangying, a twelve company City in the north of Dezhou City. The whole mausoleum is roughly the same as the prince's mausoleum in the Ming Dynasty.

After King suludong was buried, his eldest son, dumahan, returned home with King Xi and King Dong to inherit the throne, while his concubine, gemuning, second son, wenhala, third son, andulu, and more than ten attendants stayed in Dezhou to guard the tomb.

In July 1423, the Ming government sent people to escort Ge Muning back to her hometown. Because of her attachment to the East King, she returned to Texas the next year.

He stayed in Texas with the two princes for a long time until his death. In the southeast of Sulu's tomb, there are three mounds which are slightly smaller than that of the king's tomb. They are the tombs of the princess and the two princes.

Ming Dynasty

During the Xuande reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty (1425-1435), a mosque was built in the southwest of the eastern King's tomb. The two surnames of Yu Wen and an selected one person to be in charge of religious affairs. Every time a Muslim ceremony was held, the leader of Zhang Jiao led Wen and an to chant scriptures and offer sacrifices to the tomb.

During the reign of emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1620), the descendants of King Sulu in Beiying village and the Muslim people nearby donated money to build the "Beiying mosque". In September of the first year of Chongzhen (1628), the Ming Dynasty issued "Zha Fu" and appointed Wen shouxiao as the leader of the mosque.

The Qing Dynasty

After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, the Qing government inherited the legal system of the Ming Dynasty and still gave special care to the descendants of King Sulu. In 1726, Sulu Sultan's mother lalulin appointed Gong tingcai, a Chinese businessman living in Sulu, as Sulu's envoy to China, and Ma ashdan as his deputy envoy, carrying "national documents" and gifts to visit China. In the ninth year of Yongzheng reign (1731), Su laodan, king of Sulu, visited China and paid homage to the tomb of the East King when he passed by Dezhou.

According to the request of Wen chongkai and an Ruqi, the eighth generation grandchildren of the East King who lived in Dezhou, who asked to join the Chinese nationality, the Ministry of rites of the Qing government agreed to take the two surnames of Wen and an into Dezhou.

At the same time, it is stipulated that "Wen and an have their own names of sacrificial birth, according to the example of the descendants of the sages and sages in Shandong Province The lineage is inherited. " In 1735, a permanent license was issued.

From then on, the two descendants of the East King of Sulu, Wen and an, settled down in Dezhou as Chinese Sulu people, lived in harmony with the local Hui and Han nationalities, and became a member of the big family of the Chinese nation.

In the third year of Daoguang (1823), the Grand Canal burst, making the north of Dezhou a vast ocean. Farmers from several villages south of Beizhi River, including Beiying village, took refuge on the embankment on the South Bank of Beizhi river. After the flood, many villagers settled in other places. Most of the descendants of the eastern king of Sulu could not bear to stay away from their ancestral graves. So after the flood, they returned to Beiying village and rebuilt their homes on both sides of the ancestral graves, still guarding their ancestral graves.

Since modern times

After the Opium War, with the internal and external troubles of the Qing Dynasty. For a long time, the Qing government did not maintain and dredge the sinusijian River and the shaomaying River in the Dezhou section of the south canal. As a result, the South Canal flooded year after year and suffered endless floods. Every flood benefited the tomb of King Sulu and the affiliated mosque.

In June of 1917, Dezhou was hit by a once-in-a-hundred-year flood, and the South Canal burst again. After the flood, the main hall, auxiliary hall, mosque and houses in front of King Sulu's tomb have disappeared. The building of the imperial monument collapsed, the monument fell into the mire, Huabiao, wengzhong, Shishou and so on were all in a mess.

In October 1937, Dezhou fell. The Japanese built blockhouses on the top of the high royal mausoleum, which were demolished after the victory of the Anti Japanese war.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

In 1967, during the cultural revolution, the tomb of King Sulu was nearly destroyed. Because the burial of King Sulu in the Ming Dynasty, the tomb soil under the top of the treasure was very solid, and the underground palace of the mausoleum was not damaged.

In 1980, the State Administration of cultural relics and the relevant departments of provinces, prefectures and cities allocated funds to reconstruct the scattered and damaged wengzhong, Huabiao and stone beasts, and 14 stone sculptures were rearranged on both sides of the Shinto.

In 1985, Dezhou City Government rebuilt the surface buildings. In the temple, there are Lingen hall, dongxipeidian and Lingen gate. In addition, an ambulatory is added and a new archway is built. Qigong, a great calligrapher, and Xie zhiliu wrote that "the name is far-reaching" and "wisdom is forever passed on.". In front of the eastern King's tomb, the stone tombstone of "Gu Su Lu Guo Gong Ding Wang's tomb" was reproduced, and the stone supply table and stone incense stove were set.

In 1997, Dezhou municipal government invested and completed the expansion project of Princess and Prince's tomb and the maintenance project of the imperial monument building

Chinese PinYin : Su Lu Wang Mu