Majia River

Majia River

Majia River, located in North China. The Jindi River, which originated in the south of Jindi, Puyang City, Henan Province, enters Shandong Province at Yueting village, yingtaoyuan Town, Shen County, and joins Tuhai River at xifengjia village, Meizhong Town, Shen county.

General situation of main stream

Majia river. Majia river is one of the ancient nine rivers. Because the Majia river is wide and narrow in shape, it is named after the Majia river. Originated in Puyang Danzhou slope. Before 1949, there was a small trough 4 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep in the territory, and the big water flowed along the slope. At the beginning of the founding of People's Republic of China, the Ma Chee river was dredged and changed to the north of Qingfeng River, called the new * river. From 1966 to 1972, when the Majia river was harnessing, the yanwangmiao of xinmajia river at the junction of Qingfeng and Nanle county was changed into Majia river. Today, Majia river flows northward from Nanguan of Puyang County to Daming County of Hebei Province through Qingfeng and Nanle, and then into Bohai Sea. It has a total length of 480 kilometers and a drainage area of 9450 square kilometers. Puyang City is 62.5 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 1150 square kilometers. According to the standard of 1964 rainfall pattern in 1972, the discharge of drainage is 153 m3 / s, and the discharge of flood control is 237 m3 / s according to the standard of 1961 rainfall pattern. After the completion of the first South Puqing Yellow River Diversion Project in 1986, Majia river not only has the function of flood control and drainage, but also has the function of water conveyance and irrigation of South Puqing main canal.

Majia river connects with Jindi River in Nanguan, Puyang County, Henan Province, flows through Hebei Province in the northeast, enters Shandong Province in the west of shawangzhuang, dongduzhuang Town, Xin County, and flows into Bohai Sea in the east of shatoubao, Wudi County through 13 counties and cities, including Xin County, Guan County, Liaocheng, Linqing, Chiping, Gaotang, Xiajin, Pingyuan, Lingxian, Linyi, Leling, Qingyun and Wudi. The length of the river is 521 km, including 448 km in Shandong Province. The drainage area is 12239.2 square kilometers, including 10638.4 square kilometers in Shandong Province, 1179.2 square kilometers in Henan Province and 421.6 square kilometers in Hebei Province. The average gradient of the river is 0.10/1000.

Formation and evolution

The Majia river was formed in the Tang Dynasty. In 700 ad (the first year of the Tang Dynasty), the Majia river was excavated to release the flood of the Yellow River. Above Pingyuan County, the old road of guduma river was basically used; between Pingyuan county and De county, a section of beibeidu of Tun family in Han Dynasty was followed; below Wudi, the old road of Fujin river was inherited. After the completion of the river, it was named Majia River, one of the nine rivers in Yugong. In history, it was also called "the northern branch of the great river of the Tang Dynasty".

In the Tang Dynasty, Majia river was first flooded by the Yellow River between Puyang and Qingfeng in Henan Province. It flows through nanlebei in the northeast and enters Shandong Province. It flows through Shenxian and Guanxian in the northeast, Gaotang and Xiajin in the northeast, west of the plain, south of Leling and north of Wudi, and then flows into Bohai Sea at Yuehe Haikou. In 1060 (the fifth year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty), the Yellow River, below Shanghu (now near Nanle in Henan Province), rushed out a new river to the northeast. It was divided into two parts with the Yellow River, so it was called "Ergu River". "Erguhe" flows into the Majia River in the northeast of Tang Dynasty and into the sea in the north of Wudi. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, the Yellow River moved southward, and the rivers in northern Shandong were in a relatively stable state. Since the excavation of the Grand Canal in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Majia river has been cut off. In 1933, the Department of construction of Shandong Province dredged the river course, so that the Majia river could be connected up and down to discharge the waterlogged water to the west of the canal.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, after many times of harnessing, especially the large-scale harnessing started in 1967, the river course was widened, and some river sections were cut and straightened. A new channel was opened to the sea below Qingyun Renqiao in the lower reaches, and the original channel to the sea evolved into the lower reaches of Dehui new river. From Nanguan, Puyang, Henan Province, to Jindi River, through three provinces and 17 counties and cities, it enters Bohai Sea and becomes an important flood drainage channel in Lubei plain.

Channel characteristics

The natural geographical conditions of Majia River Basin are similar to that of Tuhai River. The main stream flows through many times of dredging, and the channel is relatively straight. From Heyuan to Miaozhuang sankongqiao in Chiping, the river is 143.6 km long. It flows through Puyang, Qingfeng and Nanle in Henan Province, Daming in Hebei Province, and enters Shandong Province in Shenxian County, Shandong Province. The Northeast flows to the east of rencaizhuang, Guanxian County, and Hongyan river flows from the left bank.

Qingyun Renqiao downstream, 60.5 km long river. This section is a newly excavated channel into the sea after 1967. The channel is straight. Renqiao to Wudi fanqiao open the river on flat ground. The lower section is formed by widening and deepening the main ditch of maigan river.

hydrographic features

The runoff of Majia river is not only supplied by precipitation, but also by tail water from the Yellow River. According to the synchronous series statistics from 1956 to 1979, the average annual precipitation of Majia River Basin in Shandong Province is 598.7mm, the average annual runoff depth is 442mm, equivalent to 470 million cubic meters. The runoff depth of Tuhai River is smaller than that of Tuhai River, and it is one of the smallest basins in Shandong Province. The interannual variation of runoff is larger than that of Tuhai River. According to the measured data of mengjiazha hydrological station (control basin area 7435 square kilometers), the maximum annual runoff occurred in 1961, which was 1.28 billion cubic meters. In 1968, the minimum annual runoff was 13.5 billion cubic meters, which was 94.6 times of the minimum. The interannual variation of annual runoff is dramatic. Compared with Tuhai River, the monthly distribution of annual runoff concentrates from June to October.

The suspended sediment concentration of Majia River decreases gradually from top to bottom. The annual average suspended sediment concentration in the upper reaches is 2.33 kg / m3, 0.36 kg / m3 in the middle reaches and 0.25 kg / m3 in the lower reaches. According to the measured data of wangzha hydrological station (control basin area 11816 square kilometers) in Qingyun Avenue from 1970 to 1978, the annual average suspended load discharge is 848000 tons. Similar to Tuhai River, the sediment concentration and sediment transport of Tuhai River were also significantly higher after 1970 due to the influence of Yellow River irrigation.

Main tributaries

Hongyan River, originated in Daming County of Hebei Province, enters Shandong Province in Shen County, with a river length of 32 kilometers and a drainage area of 402 square kilometers. The section from sankongqiao to Renqiao in the south of Qingyun county is in the middle reaches, with a river length of 316.9 km. The river flows northeastward to the west of Donggu bridge in Gaotang, and Tanggong river flows into it from the right bank.

Tanggong River, originated from sunwangli village, Gaotang County, has a length of 18.2 kilometers and a drainage area of 421 square kilometers. It flows northeast to Xianrenqiao in Lingxian County, which is divided into two streams: the North stream is the main channel of Majia River, passing through Tuqiao north and Zhuangbei North in Lingxian County; the South stream is the flood diversion channel, which is majiacha River, passing through caidikou South and Jiangjunzhai south; the two streams meet at machai village in Lingxian county. It flows eastward to the north of Wenjia in Lingxian County, and flows from the south of Duma River to the right bank.

The Duma river originates from the east of zhoujiazhai village in Pingyuan county and flows to sanliu sluice in Wenjia north of Lingxian County in the northeast, and then flows into Majia river. Duma river is the area where ancient Duma river flows. After the formation of Majia River in Tang Dynasty, this section of Duma River evolved into a tributary of Majia river.

The * dragon river. In June of 1048, the eighth year of Qingli reign of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty, the mouth of the Yellow River burst in the Shanghu Village (now Changhu village, more than 10 kilometers northeast of Puyang City). * the river flows northward, and the river courses in Puyang County, Qingfeng county and Nanyue county are roughly the current dragon river road. After the interruption of the northward flow, the river was silted up, and there was no way out to Nanle water, so it was flooded. In 1947, * the dragon river was dredged in Nanyue County, and it was imported from the northwest of the county to the northeast to Pingyi. The average annual flow of the dragon river is 2.47 cubic meters *, with an average annual runoff of 70 million cubic meters. Zhlong River from Puyang County New Town store, through the urban Yuecun, Qingfeng County * double temple, paper house, big flow north, in Qingfeng, South Le County Yan Wang Temple into the Ma Chee river. The length of the river is 68.4 km and the drainage area is 247.9 square km.

Management history and closed fishing period

Majia River: one of the nine rivers of ancient Yu Shu, water straight into the sea. The river is wide and narrow, like a horse cheek, so it gets its name. During the reign of King Ding of the Zhou Dynasty, Majia built long dikes along the river to prevent floods. In the Qin Dynasty, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty made up for the deficiency by connecting the two sides. After that, the Yellow River seized the Majia river course, the dike was destroyed, and the ancient river was annihilated. The Majia river was dredged in the Tang Dynasty and managed several times to transport the sea water. The old records are called Jianhe or Sunhe, while the old records of Leling are called Duma river. In the old days, the canal was silted up and the water flowed by itself. After the founding of new China, the party and the government led the people to open up the new. In 1966, the Majia river was realigned, and now it belongs to the Haihe River system. It has become a river that can irrigate in drought and discharge in flood, which is very important to agricultural production.

Closed season

According to the regulations of the state and the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas, the main and tributaries of Luanhe River, Ji canal, Chaobai River, North Canal, Yongding River, Haihe River, Daqing River, Ziya River, Zhangwei River, Tuhai River, Majia River and other major rivers in the Haihe River system, the small rivers and artificial waterways between the above rivers, and the reservoirs, lakes and wetlands of the main rivers and tributaries. From 12:00 on May 16 to 12:00 on July 31 every year. Except for fishing tackle, other fishing operations are prohibited

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Name source

Majia river is an ancient river. It was called guduma River in Zhou and Qin Dynasties. Because of its small section, wide upstream and narrow downstream, it looks like "horse face". It was called Majia River after Tang Dynasty.

Basin scope

The main stream of Majia river is 425 km long from jindizha to confluence, of which 338 km long is from below xiaoyingqiao to confluence in Shandong Province. Basin scope: the middle and upper reaches are to the west of Jinpu railway, the Tuhai River Basin is to the south, and the Zhangwei river basin is to the West and North

Chinese PinYin : Ma Jia He