Longfeng wetland

Longfeng wetland

Daqing Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province, Southeast of Daqing city. It is a wetland in the urban area of Daqing City, only 8 km away from the city center. Daqing Longfeng Wetland has been built into Heilongjiang Provincial Nature Reserve, with a total area of 5050.39 hectares.

There are 207 species of wild animals in Longfeng Wetland. There are 76 species of birds in the region, belonging to 7 orders and 16 families. Because reed swamp habitat is the main habitat in the reserve, most of the bird species are swimming birds and wading birds. Among them, there are 5 national class I protected birds, 19 national class II protected birds, 19 provincial key protected birds, and the representative birds are red crowned crane, white crane, swan, etc. There are 45 species of fish in the reserve, belonging to 5 orders and 10 families. 314 species of vascular plants belonging to 64 families have been identified.

Name source

Daqing Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve is named as Longfeng Wetland because it is located in the southeast of Longfeng District. If visitors think that the word "Longfeng" is related to two kinds of spiritual things in the water and in the sky, it is different. The origin of its name is only from the name of a person. In 1903, the railway passenger and landing station was built. Because there was no name for the place, it was named after the combination of "dragon" and "phoenix" in the names of Li kuilong and Zhang Guangfeng.

geographical position

Daqing Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province and the southeast of Longfeng District of Daqing city. It is a wetland in Daqing city. The geographical coordinates are 125 ° 07 '- 125 ° 15' e and 46 ° 28 '- 46 ° 32' n, with a total area of 5050.39 hectares.

environmental resource

Daqing Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve is located in the middle latitude zone, belonging to the temperate continental monsoon climate zone, with obvious four seasons and large temperature difference. The annual average temperature of the nature reserve is 4.5 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 39.8 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 39.2 ℃. It thaws in the middle and late April every year, and freezes in the first ten days of November every year, with a frost free period of 149 days and a freezing period of 176 days. The average annual precipitation is 435mm. The natural slope of the reserve is less than one thousandth. The soil is composed of meadow soil and swamp soil, of which swamp soil is the main soil type, accounting for about 80% of the total area of the nature reserve.

Because Longfeng nature reserve is located in the edge of Songnen Plain, affected by the big and small Xing'an Mountains and the eastern mountainous area of Heilongjiang Province, it has the characteristics of mixed phytogeographical elements, including the genera of north temperate distribution, temperate Asia distribution, East Asia distribution, Central Asia distribution, East Asia and North America discontinuous distribution, Mediterranean to Central Asia distribution, tropical and subtropical distribution This indicates the complexity of geographical elements and the extensiveness of geographical connection in the process of occurrence and development of flora in the nature reserve.

Daqing Longfeng Nature Reserve has a flat terrain and a single soil type, which makes the wetland distribute more plants. At the same time, due to the influence of altitude and topography, the temperature is higher in summer, so the flora of North China is more developed. However, there are no endemic species in the reserve, which is related to the short formation age of geological landforms and poor plant development conditions. It shows that the flora is young.

Resource overview

According to its origin, distribution and ecological habits, it can be divided into the following five floristic groups: Neogene floristic group, northern plain floristic group, Northern Mountain floristic group, river plain floristic group and subtropical plain floristic group.

wild animal

There are 207 species of wild animals (including 45 species of fish) in Fenghu wetland. In the floristic composition, Palaearctic elements account for a large proportion. At the same time, some Oriental species extend northward to this area, and a few arid species invade this area, such as Citellus dahuricus. The basic species of wild animals in Longfeng Wetland are composed of small and medium mammals, all kinds of wetland waterfowl and grassland animals. There are 4 species of first-class protected animals, 5 species of second-class protected animals and 19 species of key protected animals in Heilongjiang Province.

Because Longfeng Wetland is in the urban area, it is greatly affected by various human activities, the living space of wild animals is relatively narrow, the habitat is divided and destroyed, and the species and number of species in the past are relatively rare. However, the situation has improved due to increased protection. Large groups of birds can be seen flying over the wetland.

Animal resources

According to the mammal geographical division, Longfeng Wetland is the Palaearctic, northeast and Songnen Plain. According to the investigation, there are 13 species of mammals in 11 families, 4 orders. It accounted for 14.77% of the total mammal species in the province. Most of the mammals in this area are cave dwelling rodents, such as Mustela sibirica, hamster, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and ondatrazibethica. In addition, the common musk shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) and grass rabbit can also be seen. There are two valuable mammals in Longfeng nature reserve, yellow weasel and muskrat. Their main habitats are sedge, grass and mixed grass swamp.

Bird Resources

There are 76 species of birds in Longfeng Wetland, belonging to 7 orders and 16 families. Because reed swamp habitat is the main habitat in the reserve, most of the bird species are swimming birds and wading birds. Among them, there are 5 national class I protected birds, 19 national class II protected birds and 19 provincial key protected birds. The representative birds are red crowned crane, white crane, white naped crane, white stork, swan, cygnet, grey crane, Luowen duck, green headed diving duck, wild goose duck, black winged stiletto, Red Headed Gull, silver gull, etc.

According to statistics, there are 142 species of birds in Longfeng Wetland, belonging to 16 orders and 33 families. Among them, 95 species are non Passeriformes, accounting for 66.90% of the total bird species in the reserve; 47 species are Passeriformes, accounting for 33.10% of the total bird species in the reserve. Because the habitat of Longfeng Wetland is mainly reed swamp wetland, most of the birds are swimming birds and wading birds. In winter, the environment is bad, and only one species of winter migratory bird (Bombycilla garrulus) can adapt to the winter environment. Among the birds in this area, there are 5 species of national class I protected birds, 19 species of national class II protected birds and 19 species of provincial key protected birds. There are no Chinese endemic species in Longfeng Wetland, but many species are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang Province. The representative species in wetland are Grus japinensis, Anas falcata and Aythya baeri. In spring and autumn, a large number of migratory birds migrate through the region. Some of them have breeding areas beyond Northeast China and extend northward to Siberia. They are basically summer migrants or travelers, and generally migrate north and south along the eastern part of China with the change of seasons.

Among the Passeriformes, the northern type includes the Oriental warbler, which breed in the northern part of Heilongjiang Province and pass by this area during migration. The breeding area of yellow breasted bunting, which belongs to northern type, is wide, and Longfeng nature reserve also has its breeding area. Longfeng Wetland is adjacent to Zhalong National Nature Reserve. Because there is no natural barrier, the bird composition of the two places is very close. Red Crowned Crane (Grus japinensis) and other six crane species are distributed in the wetland, which makes the protection work become particularly important. However, there are still water quantity, human activities and other hidden dangers in the wetland. It is necessary to eliminate the potential risk factors in order to ensure the healthy reproduction of cranes. The number of Oriental White Stork has decreased significantly in recent years. Although the situation of class II protected animals is slightly better than that of class I protected animals, the situation of 19 class II protected birds in the area is both optimistic and worrying. In recent years, due to the wetland protection and the establishment of many nature reserves, some of the herons and some geese and ducks have been improved or stabilized.

Amphibian and Reptile Resources

Heilongjiang Province is located in the northeast of China, the climate is characterized by significant changes in temperature and humidity. This has a great impact on the survival and reproduction of amphibians and reptiles, especially on the amphibians who like humidity. Therefore, there are few amphibians and reptiles in Heilongjiang Province, including 16 species of reptiles and only 11 species of amphibians. There are few studies on amphibians and reptiles in our province, and the protected species have not been designated yet. Through the investigation, the distribution and quantity of 7 amphibians and reptiles in this area have been basically found out, so it is necessary to continue in-depth research and monitoring. Rana amurensis, Rana nigromaculata, Bufo gargarizans and Eremias argus are common species in this area. In addition, B. raddei and Hyla japonica were also found

And Elaphe dione.

stock of fish

Chinese PinYin : Long Feng Shi Di