--Xichang Satellite Launch base is known as China's Houston. It is one of the only three satellite launch bases in China, and also the place where Chang'e-1, 2 and 3 are launched.
--Here you can visit the Long March 3 rocket entity, the satellite launch and control center and the launch site composed of two stations. You can also buy an exquisite small rocket model to take back.
--It should be noted that the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on Hangtian North Road on the map is actually the military family home. The correct scenic spot is in Zeyuan township. Don't be misled by the map.
----The launch base will be forbidden to visit when there is a launch mission. Before visiting, you can call to ask if you can visit it recently.
Xichang Satellite Launch Center
Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC) is a satellite launch base in China. It was built in 1970 and put into use in 1982. It is located in Mianning County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province.
Since the launch of China's first communication satellite in January 1984, on November 22, 2016, the long march 3C carrier rocket has successfully put tianlian-1-04 into the predetermined orbit. The launching activities of Xichang Satellite Launch Center have exceeded 100 times.
The center is composed of headquarters, launch site (technical area and two launch stations), communication terminal, command and control center, three tracking and measuring stations, and other related life support units. The coordinates of the launch site are 102 degrees east longitude and 28.2 degrees north latitude. It is mainly responsible for the organization and command, test launch, active phase measurement, safety control, data processing, information transmission, meteorological support, debris recovery, test technology research and other tasks of GEO satellite launch such as broadcasting, communication and meteorology. The center is mainly responsible for geosynchronous orbit satellite, communication, broadcasting, meteorological satellite and other test launch and application launch tasks. It is a new type of spacecraft launch site with the largest scale, the most advanced equipment and technology, the most satellite launch tasks and the ability to launch multiple types of satellites in China's current opening up.
On the morning of June 23, 2020, after the "restart" launch of Xichang Satellite Launch Center, the space array was successfully deployed.
Historical evolution
Xichang Satellite Launch Center was put into use in 1982. Since the launch of China's first communication satellite in January 1984, it has launched 82 domestic and foreign satellites by the end of 2013, winning honor for the motherland. On April 7, 1990, the center successfully launched the Asia-1 communication satellite made by the United States.
In terms of geographical location, Xichang has many advantages: high altitude, low latitude; hidden terrain, solid geological structure; rich and stable water resources; ideal traffic and communication conditions.
Xichang Satellite Launch Center is a space launch site with the earliest opening to the outside world, the largest number of satellite launches, a high degree of automation and a strong comprehensive launch capability. Nearly 80 domestic and foreign satellites have been sent into space from here.
In December 2016, Xichang Satellite Launch Center was selected into the list of national red tourist attractions.
On October 30, 2019, China's Xichang Satellite Launch Center, which took the lead in breaking through 100 space launch activities, held a high-density space launch mission pledge meeting in Wenchang, Hainan Province, and presented certificates of honor to 339 spacemen who carried out more than 100 launch missions
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Component tasks
Xichang Satellite Launch Center is composed of headquarters, launch site (technical area and two launch stations), communication terminal, command and control center, three tracking and measuring stations, and other related life support units (hospitals, hotels, etc.). It is mainly responsible for the organization and command, test launch, active phase measurement, safety control, data processing, information transmission, meteorological support, wreck recovery, test technology research and other tasks of geostationary orbit (GTO) satellite launch such as broadcasting, communication and meteorology.
geographical environment
Xichang Satellite Launch Center is located in Sichuan Province. The headquarters of the center is located in North Hangtian Road, Xichang City, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The satellite launch site is located in fengjiawan, Zeyuan Town, Mianning County, Sichuan Province. The corresponding fields of satellite launch test, command and control, tracking and measurement, communication, meteorology and service support are scattered in different areas of the canyon. The area has a subtropical climate with an annual average temperature of 16 ℃ and mild and moderate wind. October to May is the best launch season.
Since ancient times, people in Xichang can often see the bright and bright moon, which has always been a good story. Therefore, Xichang is known as the "moon city". Today, it has launched man-made earth satellites to serve human beings. In addition to the names of "moon city", "little spring city", "Panxi cornucopia" and "golden zone", she also added the names of "China Aerospace City" and "Oriental Houston" which are full of modern science and technology charm.
According to space experts, there are advantages of "natural launch site": first, low latitude (28.2 degrees north latitude), high altitude (1500 meters), good launch angle, short ground space distance. The lower the latitude, the closer it is to the equator, 28 ° 14'42.72 "north latitude and 102 ° 01'39.95" east longitude. This can not only make full use of the centrifugal force of the earth's rotation, but also shorten the distance from the ground to the satellite orbit So as to increase the payload of the rocket.
Second, the canyon has a good terrain and a solid geological structure, with an altitude of 1857 meters, which is conducive to the overall layout of the launch site and the layout of ground launch facilities, technical equipment, tracking measurement and communication network, and can meet the construction of multiple launch sites.
Third, the weather is fine and the "launch window" is good. The annual average temperature is 18 ℃, which is one of the areas with the smallest climate change in China. The sunshine days are up to 320 days, and there are almost no foggy days.
In a word, Xichang has low latitude, high altitude, few clouds, no pollution and high air transparency. Therefore, a modern high-tech satellite launch center stands high in the mountains in the north of Xichang, which is also the only space base in China to launch geosynchronous satellites.
Layout features
Peripheral layout
Xichang launch center is located in the canyon of Zeyuan Town, Mianning County, Liangshan Prefecture. The corresponding fields of satellite launch test, command and control, tracking and measurement, communication, meteorology and service support are scattered in different areas of the canyon. The 76 meter high launching tower and the 300 meter high lightning tower stand towering at the bottom of the canyon. This is a small semi closed basin surrounded by mountains on three sides and opening to the southeast, covering an area of about 2 square kilometers. The tower is composed of 11 layers of working platform and corresponding cable lifting rod. At the same time, the satellite and rocket are hoisted and butted, fueled and vertical tested. At the moment of ignition, the platform rotates automatically, the star and arrow separate, the bolt of the fixed rocket starts to explode immediately, and the rocket bursts out into flames. In the mountains on both sides of the launch tower, there are command, test, control and water, electricity and gas supply facilities matched with the field area. After entering the last half-hour procedure of rocket launch, all ground personnel were transferred into the mountain.
The technology plant is located in the mountain depression not far from the launch site. Many milky white tall buildings are hidden in the deep green trees. It is the place for satellite launch vehicle assembly, refueling, testing and rocket level testing. It is also the most advanced and superior plant in China. Now the technology plant has been opened to the outside world. People can see not only the special internal structure, but also the successful development of a long March-3 carrier rocket In particular, mastering the technology of secondary ignition under the condition of weightlessness of hydrogen and oxygen engine marks that China's launch vehicle technology has entered the world's advanced ranks.
Control Hall
The command and control hall, the "nerve center" of the launch center, is located in the mountain bay a few kilometers away from the launch city. It is the most mysterious computer kingdom with all kinds of advanced instruments of China's aerospace technology. The most eye-catching part of the hall is a 20 square meter color TV screen in front of the hall. Beside the screen, there are many status display boards, which are 18 meters long and 6 meters wide. The hall is also distributed with the general command console, various control console, recorder and display. Scientific and technological personnel and distinguished guests can clearly see the actual situation of the rocket from taking off from the launching pad to flying to the first stage through the TV screen and various display instruments. The commander also monitors and judges through various parameters and images sent by the computer group, so as to plan strategies and defeat space. All around the command hall are computer rooms, large and small. All kinds of display lights keep flashing mysterious eyes. With the buzzing of computers, all kinds of information after the rocket takes off is quickly processed and transmitted to the tracking stations and the general command post in Beijing. The hall behind the control hall is the visiting hall. Visitors can sit here and watch the live launch on the large color screen through the huge glass window in front of them.
Launch tower
At present, Xichang Satellite Launch Center has two launch towers
Station 3: completed at the end of 1978, launched the Long March 3 yao-1 rocket on January 29, 1984, and launched a heavy launch in 2007
Chinese PinYin : Xi Chang Wei Xing Fa She Zhong Xin
Xichang Satellite Launch Center
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