Yan Temple

Yan temple is located in the north gate of Qufu City, Shandong Province, across the street from the back garden of Confucius' mansion. It is a temple dedicated to Yan Hui, the first disciple of Confucius. Confucius once praised and said: "a gourd of food, a gourd of drink, living in a poor lane, people can not afford to worry about, back also do not change their happiness, virtuous back also.". This is also the real connotation of "crude".

When you enter the temple, you can see some deep meaning with the humble, such as the humble lane where Yan temple is located, the humble Lane well in the temple, the humble Lane well Pavilion, etc. In Fusheng gate, there are old alleys and wells, and outside there are octagonal open-air square pavilions. In the north of the well, there is a stone tablet in Ming Dynasty, which is built to commemorate Yan Hui's thrifty moral character of "one food, one drink, living in the poor lane". The temple of restoration is the main hall. The eastern and Western courtyards took the sages of the Yan family, such as Yan Zitui, Yan Zhenqing and Yan shigu.

There are more than 60 steles in the temple. Two of them are the "new temple stele of the imperial edict of the Yuan Dynasty for the restoration of the sage" and the "stele of the Yuan Dynasty for the system of Ci by Yan Zi's parents". The two steles are both carved in Ancient Mongolian and Chinese. They record the situation of Jiafeng Yan Hui and his parents at that time, which is of certain value to the study of ancient Chinese characters. On June 25, 2001, Yan temple, as an ancient building from Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Yan Temple

Yan temple, also known as Fusheng temple, is located in the north gate of Qufu City, Shandong Province. The north head of the shabby lane is opposite to the back garden of Confucius' mansion. It is a temple for worshiping Yan Hui. The date of its establishment is unknown.

Yan temple was originally built near wuquanzhuang, three kilometers northeast of Qufu City. It was rebuilt in the early Yuan Dynasty and completed in ten years. At the end of Dade in Yuan Dynasty, the old temple was destroyed. Yuanyanyou four years (1317) moved to the original site of the lane. It was built in the 22nd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1594), laying the foundation for the existing scale. Yan temple has a history of 680 years.

In 2001, yanmiao was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In December 2006, yanmiao was listed as the expansion project of the world cultural heritage "three holes" by the State Administration of cultural relics, and entered the "China world cultural heritage preliminary list".

Historical evolution

Yan Hui, Zi Yuan. A disciple of Confucius. It is said that Yan Hui was a sage. He lived alone in a shabby lane and lived a very simple life. Confucius praised him for his low requirements for material life. It was enough for him to "eat with food and drink with water in a shabby lane", but he had high requirements for virtue. There are many records about Yan Hui in the Analects of Confucius, so he became one of the most familiar disciples of Confucius.

According to the records of the humble alley, a temple was set up at the former site of the humble alley where Yanzi lived, and the temple was worshipped by fireworks at that time. Liu Bangdong, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, toured Lu to sacrifice Confucius. At the same time, he used shaolao to sacrifice Yanzi temple. At that time, Yanzi Temple (the former residence of Yanzi) was very small.

In 628, Emperor Taizong respected Yan Hui as his "first teacher". During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he was given Yanzi as a gift to the Duke of Yanzhou and built a temple in Yanzhou Prefecture.

In the Jin Dynasty, Yanzi temple in Qufu was in the northeast corner of the ancient city of Lu.

In the Yuan Dynasty, he was granted the title of "restoration of the state of Yan". At this point, Yan Hui was honored as "Fusheng", and Yan temple was also known as "Fusheng Temple".

The construction of the temple at the former site of Shaxiang was started in August 1326, the third year of TAIDING, and completed in November 1330, the first year of Zhishun. In the same year, Yanzi was granted the title of fushenggong of Yanguo, so it was called fushengmiao.

When the temple was built in 1507, the second year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty, it was "built in a new style, with a large scale, depending on the past" ("humble Lane annals"). There were Fusheng hall, bedchamber, qiguogong hall, bedchamber, two verandahs, Jingting, leting and other buildings, which laid the foundation for the scale of today's Cunyan temple.

architectural composition

Temple covers an area of 36 mu, east-west three road layout, before and after five into the courtyard. There are 25 buildings in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and 53 inscriptions in Jin and Qing Dynasties. There are 159 buildings in 24 buildings in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, 53 inscriptions and more than 500 ancient trees.

Yanzi temple was originally the site of Yanzi's former residence, including shabby alleys and wells and Yueting built in Song Dynasty. Yan temple is divided into five courtyards, covering an area of 85 mu. There are 159 halls, halls, pavilions, storehouses, and gatehouses. The temple is mainly composed of Fusheng gate, Guiren gate, Yangsheng gate, shaxiangjing, leting, Fusheng hall and Beiting, all of which were built in Yuan Dynasty.

The main hall of Fusheng hall is dedicated to the statue of Yanzi, and the two verandahs include Yan Zhitui, Yan shigu, Yan Zhenqing and Yan Gaoqing. The west road is dedicated to Yan Lu, the father of Yan Hui. The main hall, Li Guogong hall, was built in Yuan Dynasty. From south to north, the middle road is Youxiang square, Youjin Shengyu square, zhuoguanxianke square, Fusheng Temple Square, Fusheng gate, Youxiang Jingting, Guiren gate, mingbeiting, Yangsheng gate, leting, Fusheng hall, Liangwen and bedchamber; the east road is Keji gate, sacrificial ware storehouse, Jianjin gate, tuisitang and family temple base; the west road is Fuli gate, qiguogong hall and qiguogong bedchamber.

geographical position

Value significance

There are more than 60 steles in the temple. Two of them are the "new temple stele of the imperial edict of the Yuan Dynasty for the restoration of the sage" and the "stele of the Yuan Dynasty for the system of Ci by Yan Zi's parents". The two steles are both carved in Ancient Mongolian and Chinese. They record the situation of Jiafeng Yan Hui and his parents at that time, which is of certain value to the study of ancient Chinese characters.

Opening to the outside world

On December 2, 2009, the yanmiao temple in Qufu, Jining, Shandong Province, was officially reopened to tourists. Before that, the maintenance project of yanmiao hall was completed. This is the first large-scale maintenance of Yan Temple by Qufu cultural relics department since the founding of new China. It is also the largest scale maintenance project in Shandong Province in the past 30 years.

On the morning of December 2, the cultural relics department of Qufu City solemnly held the launching ceremony of "Huaguang in humble Alleys" and the reopening ceremony of Yan temple to tourists. The green pines and cypresses in Yan temple are lush and far-reaching. The stone steles beside the old alleyways and the four pillars of the pavilion have been repainted with red paint. The corridor of the middle road has been repainted with gray bricks. The word "old alleyways" is particularly prominent among the green pines and cypresses.

The significance of Tourism

The first group of visitors included some of Yan's descendants, who were particularly excited to see the renovated Yan temple. "This is divided into the square, benevolence on the short, the world's many good deeds, every family to live." This is Yan zhenou's summary of Yan Hui spirit. "Yan Hui was regarded as a model of life in ancient times, and his spirit of taking pain as pleasure still has guiding significance for contemporary people," he said

The exhibition is divided into two parts: picture exhibition and physical exhibition. The photo exhibition area is located in the East and west of Yan temple. The reporter saw that the photo exhibition area covers six parts, namely, the restoration of the holy temple, the evolution of Yan temple, the afterlife of the Buddha, the universal influence, the restoration of the temple, and the reappearance of glory, with a total of 204 pictures.

Cultural relic architecture

The physical exhibition area is located in the temple of Yan temple. It mainly shows 32 damaged components replaced in the overhaul of the temple of Yan temple. Kong Deping, director of Qufu Municipal Bureau of cultural relics, said that holding the exhibition of "Huaguang in shabby Alleys" is an important extension of the maintenance project of Yan temple. Its purpose is to directly show the culture and evolution of Yan temple. Through the physical exhibition, people can intuitively obtain the structural characteristics of ancient buildings before repair, scientifically understand the cultural relics, and intuitively feel the historical, scientific and artistic value of cultural relics.

Traditional craft

According to Kong Deping, director of Qufu Municipal Bureau of cultural relics, the existing Yan temple is a courtyard with five entrances from the north to the south. There are 24 halls, halls, pavilions, gates and squares in the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. As a result of years of disrepair, there are common phenomena such as roof leakage, tile damage, beam and column slanting flash, rotten wood members, platform foundation sinking and so on. To this end, Qufu Municipal Bureau of cultural relics commissioned Shandong Provincial Center for cultural relics protection in June 2002 to prepare the preliminary project plan for the maintenance and overall planning of Qufu Yan Temple Temple. The plan was approved in principle by the State Bureau of cultural relics in 2003, becoming the largest cultural protection project in Shandong Province in the past 30 years. In April 2006, the ancient building repair team of Qufu Municipal Bureau of cultural relics began to carry out the overhaul project of the hall of restoration. On July 31, 2009, the repair project was completed.

Zhou Peng, deputy director of the Qufu Municipal Bureau of cultural relics, said that before the construction, the Qufu Municipal Department of cultural relics had taken effective measures to cover and wrap the components, paint and color paintings, cultural relics display and ancient and famous trees of cultural relics buildings. In the construction process, the construction personnel ensure that the newly added wood structure and other special materials for ancient buildings meet the quality standards and acceptance specifications of national cultural relics and ancient buildings. In terms of construction technology, on the basis of the existing design and specifications, the traditional construction technology is adopted. On the premise of ensuring the structural safety, the original components are used as far as possible to keep the "original" style of the ancient buildings.

Ticket information

Kong Deping, director of Qufu Municipal Bureau of cultural relics, said that the maintenance project of yanmiao ancient buildings started in March 2009. The maintenance of the ancient buildings on both sides of yanmiao middle road has been basically completed, and the next step is to repair the ancient buildings on the East and West roads.

Qufu Price Bureau adjusted the ticket price of yanmiao to 50 yuan / piece. In order to increase the tourist flow of the scenic spot, the team and tourists who buy the three hole ticket will be given a 60% discount, and the tourism team organized by the travel agency will be given a 20% discount. Students in primary and secondary schools can enjoy half price discount with their "student ID card". At the same time, soldiers, retired cadres, children under 1.2 meters, the elderly over 60 years old and journalists are free of charge.

Address: in the north gate of Qufu City, Shandong Province

Longitude: 116.99

Chinese PinYin : Yan Miao