Yuquan view

Yuquanguan temple is commonly known as Chengbei temple, also known as Chongning temple. It is located at the foot of Tianjing mountain in the north of Qinzhou District, Tianshui City, Gansu Province. It is named because there is a jade spring on the mountain, which is crystal clear and sweet, and Liang Gongbi, an official of Qinzhou in the Yuan Dynasty, chanted "the northern suburb of mountain temple, the famous mountain jade spring" when he built the temple.

Yuquan temple was built in the third year of Dade (1299). Most of the existing buildings were rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the famous Taoist temples in China. Yuquan temple, one of the eight scenic spots in Qinzhou, "Yuquan cave", is said to be the burial place of Lu, Liang and ma. Every year on the ninth day of the first month of the old calendar, yuquanguan temple fair is called "chaoguan" by the local people. It's early in spring and people are free. It's very lively.

There are 47 stone tablets, 11 stone tablets and 34 brick carvings, all of which belong to yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Among the numerous steles, the most precious one is the four side Daoliu stele engraved in the Yuan Dynasty, with clear handwriting and complete description, which is praised as the "national" stele by cultural relic experts. In addition, Zhao Mengfu, a great calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty, is also a rare stone.

Yuquan view

Yuquanguan temple, commonly known as Chengbei temple, also known as Chongning temple, is located at the foot of Tianjing mountain in the north of Qinzhou District, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, between 34 ° 22 ′ - 34 ° 37 ′ N and 105 ° 31 ′ - 105 ° 48 ′ E. It is about 1km away from the downtown square, with green hills in the north and Zhoucheng in the south. The altitude is 1230 meters.

It is named because there is a jade spring on the mountain, which is clear and sweet. When Liang Gongbi, a teacher of Qinzhou in Yuan Dynasty, built the temple, he chanted "the northern suburb of the mountain temple, the famous mountain jade spring".

Yuquanguan covers an area of more than 90000 square meters. Most of the existing buildings were rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Close to the city wall, the view rises along the mountain and is built along the gully, cliff and platform.

Yuquan temple, one of the eight scenic spots in Qinzhou, "Yuquan cave", is said to be the burial place of Lu, Liang and ma. Every year on the ninth day of the first month of the old calendar, yuquanguan temple fair is called "chaoguan" by the local people. In March 2005, it was rated as AAA scenic spot by the tourism administration. On May 25, 2006, it was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical evolution

Li Zhi, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, issued two edicts to establish Taoist temples in the first year of Qianfeng (666) and the first year of Hongdao (683). Qinzhou was ruled by the state and must be followed. Yuquanguan was built in this period.

In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Yuquan temple was called "Beishan Temple". Lu Yan (Dongbin) traveled here and lived for more than a month. He once "wrote poems by referring to the wall of the palace" as "poems left in Beishan Temple of Qinzhou".

In Song Dynasty, Zhenzong Zhao Heng built temples all over the country. In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), "imperial edict to the world and the establishment of Tianqing Temple". Qinzhou was the place for song and Jin Dynasties. Guanyu was destroyed by the war. By the end of Song Dynasty, the system was completely destroyed.

In the early Yuan Dynasty, Liang Zhitong, a disciple of Qiu Chuji, a Quanzhen Taoist, traveled to Tianshui and loved the secluded valley of Tianjing mountain, so he built up his mind and gradually expanded his scale. In the year of Dingchou in the Yuan Dynasty (1293 AD), Liang Zhitong wrote poems and erected a stele. After eclosion, he was buried in Guanzhong. The Ming and Qing Dynasties rebuilt and restored many times, forming a hongdaojiao building complex with more than 80 buildings. In the past 80 years since the end of Qing Dynasty, yuquanguan has often become a barracks and school building. Some ancient buildings have been destroyed but not others. More than half of them have been damaged by war, earthquake, natural collapse and man-made destruction.

Since July 1981, the local government has raised funds and organized human and material resources to carry out comprehensive restoration. It took more than three years to repair and repair 40 ancient buildings, covering an area of more than 2100 square meters, which is the largest restoration in history.

architectural composition

The architectural art style of yuquanguan is based on the inheritance of traditional architectural art and the integration of local architectural characteristics.

The whole building revolves around Yuquan hall and Sanqing hall.

Yuquanguan is built close to the city wall, rising along the mountain, along with the gully, cliff and platform. The central axis is from bottom to top, with Mountain Gate, Yuxian bridge, Tongxian bridge, Qinglong hall, Baihu hall, tiantianfang on earth, Yuquan Pavilion, the first mountain archway, Sanqing hall, and a small temple on the top. It is said that it is the ancestral hall of Wei Zhongxian in Ming Dynasty. On the side are Leizu temple, Sanguan hall, Zhuge temple, tuogong temple, Sanqing Pavilion, Xuansheng Pavilion, Jingguan Pavilion, cangsheng hall and yuquanjing well. There is a hexagonal pavilion on the well. Shenxian cave is said to be the eclosion place of Lu and MA in Yuan Dynasty. The inscriptions on the beams of Sanqing hall are "the reconstruction of Jiajing in the third decade of the Ming Dynasty and the reconstruction of Dingyou in the winter", and the inscriptions on the first mountain archway are "the construction of Jiajing in the third decade of the Qing Dynasty".

Main attractions

Jade Emperor Pavilion

Yuhuangge is located on a 1.45 meter high platform. It was built in the Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt three times in the 14th year of Jiaqing (1809), the 25th year of Daoguang (1845) and the 29th year of Guangxu (1903). The pavilion is 12.2 meters wide and 605 meters deep. Xieshan roof, Biwa dragon kiss. There are five beams in the pavilion, which adopts the structure of Xieshan beam and plaster angle beam. The four pillars under the eaves are three, and the Ming room is 6 meters wide. There is a large square on the column. The outside square is decorated with dragons and flowers, while the inside square is decorated with two dragons and pearls. The flat square on the forehead leads directly to the corner column. The square has a flat body, and the imperial arch has three savings. It makes three copies for the five shops, and the bottom is high and the bottom is high. Under the eaves, there are 34 brick carvings of the Yuan Dynasty. Although Yuhuangge was repaired and rebuilt several times, it still kept the style of Ming Dynasty.

Jade Emperor Hall

The Jade Emperor hall is close to the back of the pavilion and faces south. It was built in 1289 and rebuilt in 1637. The hall is 11.7 meters wide and 10.5 meters high. On the top of the nine ridges of Xieshan mountain with a single eaves, it is covered with glazed green tiles, with pavilions and pavilions in the middle of the main ridge, with lion elephants on both sides, and Dragons kissing and swallowing the ridge at both ends. The wooden frame in the hall is made from the upper part of the hall. The seven frame beams of the lifting beam type are made of Xieshan plaster angle beam and stepping gold structure. The two ends of the large square do not reach the corner columns, which are connected by the flat square. On the top, there are eight horizontal brackets, which are not divided into stigma family and body family. The two sides of the mountain and the back eaves are built in two rooms. The five pavilions are made of three folds and double arches. The girder structure of the main hall is peculiar and the style is simple. It is a well preserved architecture of Ming Dynasty.

Jade Spring

Yuquan is located under the xuanting of cangsheng hall. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 28th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1291) and the sixth year of Dade (1302), it was rebuilt twice. There is an inscription that says, "the spring comes out of the mountain, and it is quiet and clear. Those who pray for drinks can heal the disease of the nation. Trees around the spring Pavilion, eaves Ying shade, such as painting. It was named "Yuquan" because of its scenery. We can see that this spring is the origin of "yuquanguan".

In the 41st year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, Yanfang, the governor of Qinzhou, donated his salary to rebuild the spring Pavilion. In the cultural revolution, the spring was destroyed and buried. In 1981, a new octagonal pavilion was built on the spring. In May 2000, shengshuiyuan company invested in the reconstruction of Shengquan, which was excavated to a depth of 17.5 meters, cast with cement ring, and the water volume was kept at a depth of 6 meters. In front of the pavilion, there is a gate seat facing south, with a wooden structure and eight character walls on both sides.

tablet stone

There are 58 stone tablets, 11 stone tablets and 34 brick carvings in yuquanguan. Among them, there are 5 steles in Yuan Dynasty, 11 steles, 34 brick carvings, 9 steles in Ming Dynasty, and the rest in Qing Dynasty and Republic of China. Among the numerous steles, the four side Daoliu stele engraved in Yuan Dynasty is extremely precious.

Stone tablet of simian Daoliu in Yuan Dynasty

The stone tablet is 1.53 meters high, 0.5 meters wide, 0.8 meters high and equal on all sides. There are characters on all sides. They are written in regular script and thin gold script. The font is exquisite and the knife is skillful. The four sides are: Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty praises and seals the system of CI; the picture of Quanzhen ancestors (inscribed on this page as "Qinzhou Yuquan Temple Da xuanzi Liang Zhitong Li Shi"); the evolution of Quanzhen Taoism; the Five Secrets of the patriarch (inscribed on this page as "Dayuan state Dade six years old, second renyin, two days in late mid autumn, Yuquan Temple Zhiguan, he Daoyuan, Ren Daofang, etc., and ten Taoist stones built together"). The inscriptions on four sides of the monument are different in time, and the contents are all about Quanzhen Taoism, which is of great historical value. The stone is hard in texture and has been written as clear as ever for more than 700 years.

Poem

There are four steles, one of which is incomplete. The existing stele Gallery of Yuquan temple. The monument is 1.8 meters high and 0.78 meters wide. The first side is the poem "night down to the Lu Pavilion" written by Li Bai of Tang Dynasty, with Liu Lun's postscript engraved on the edge. The second part is the poem xizhaishan by Wei Yingwu of Tang Dynasty. The author is unknown to the third party. The fourth is the poem "tifangzi" written by Wang Anshi of Song Dynasty. (the upper and lower parts of our side are incomplete) it is known from the postscript that the stele was engraved on "gengxu of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty" (1550 A.D.).

Ancient trees

As of 2006, there are more than 50 ancient trees in yuquanguan, among which more than 10 are more than 1000 years old, 23 are more than 300 years old, and more than 10 are more than 100 years old. Platycladus orientalis, Sophora japonica and Gleditsia sinensis are the main three types. It is the scenic spot with the highest density and average age of ancient trees in Tianshui city. In particular, a "plait cypress" growing on the southern side of Shenxian cave in Guannei is known as "a unique Chinese tree". Most of the ancient trees in yuquanguan have grown on the cliff for hundreds or even thousands of years.

protective measures

On May 25, 2006, as an ancient building from Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, yuquanguan was approved by the State Council to be listed in the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units

Chinese PinYin : Yu Quan Guan