Haochuan ancient cultural site

Haochuan ancient cultural site

Haochuan ancient cultural site is located in Haochuan village, Sanren She nationality township, 12 km west of Suichang county. In the summer of 1997, it was excavated with an area of 4000 square meters. 80 tombs and 1028 funerary objects were cleared

. Experts identified that the late Liangzhu culture, about 4000 years ago, was first discovered in Southwest Zhejiang, which was a major archaeological discovery in 1997. Haochuan ancient cultural site has a new and unique cultural appearance, rich and colorful cultural connotation and obvious characteristics of multiple cultural factors, so many archaeologists named it "Haochuan culture". The discovery of Haochuan cultural site not only fills the gap of Neolithic Archaeology in the border area of Southwest Zhejiang, Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi, but also provides rich information for the study of the layout characteristics and social structure of Haochuan cultural settlement

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In 2013, it was approved as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Welcome the sunrise in the East

Haochuan cultural site is located in the deep mountain of the southern foot of xianxialing, with high mountains and steep slopes, dense forests, abundant rainfall, rich animal and plant resources, and scarce arable land. It is about 12 kilometers away from Miaogo town. It is a low mountain and hilly landform. It originates from Zhongxi River, about 8 km west of Haochuan, and flows into SONGYIN river through haochuanjin river. It belongs to Oujiang River system. Lingtougang is located at 28 ° 33 ′ 27 ″ N and 119 ° 10 ′ 42 ″ e, which is a valley low hill with a relative height of 31 meters. The top of the hill is relatively flat, and the plane is roughly in the shape of sole, covering an area of about 5000 square meters. Gangding east to welcome the sunrise, West to send the sunset, sufficient light, north can see 1700 meters Baima Mountain. In modern times, lingtougang became a cemetery. It was established as a tea garden in 1970.

From March to April in 1997, Haochuan village built a canal to divert water from wuchu reservoir. It was ready to change lingtougang tea garden into paddy field, and borrowed bulldozers to carry out the construction. After nearly two months of rescue excavation, a total of 80 tombs were cleared, and 1028 pieces (groups) of jades, stone tools, pottery, lacquerware, traces, etc. were unearthed

. There are large-scale cemeteries and a large number of tombs, mainly large and medium-sized, with only 8 small tombs, accounting for 10% of the total number of tombs. The length and width coefficients of the tombs are mostly less than 1.5, and none of them are more than 2. There are great differences in the burial objects of different levels of tombs. The large-scale tombs have a complete variety, a large number and a fine production; the small-scale tombs have a few types and a small number. The funerary objects are mainly pottery, including a small number of jade, stone tools and lacquerware, including 762 pieces of pottery, 98 pieces of jade, 142 pieces of stone tools and 26 pieces of lacquerware. Most of the pottery is argillaceous grey pottery, with a certain proportion of argillaceous grey and black leather pottery, and a small amount of sand mixed pottery and impression pottery. Tripod (tripod plate), Cuan, bowl, bean, pot, cup and Cuan are the basic combination of burial pottery. The number of pottery beans accounts for more than half of the total number of burial pottery. There are many ornaments such as cone-shaped and jade beads; there are a large number of geometric curved jade pieces on lacquerware, 12 pieces of triple step shaped (altar shaped) curved jade pieces found in 4 tombs are not found in other sites and tombs; only 8 pieces of jade are found in 7 large and medium-sized tombs; Cong and Bi are not found. There are 95 stone arrowheads, which are the largest number of stone tools. There are 34 stone knives, 11 stone Cheng knives and 1 stone knife with three holes. No farming tools such as stone knife, stone knife with inclined handle and stone plough were found.

Most of the tombs are in the southeast. The directions of most tombs are between 95 ° and 160 ° and only 10 tombs are between 27 ° and 55 ° which indicates that Haochuan culture is restricted by the common primitive religion. It is also a special burial valley of Haochuan culture to place funerary objects inside and outside the burial utensils

. According to the burial objects of Haochuan culture, the quantity of sand pottery is small, but sand pottery cauldrons always exist, and the quantity of sand pottery tripod is small, while the quantity of clay pottery tripod that may be used as a substitute for pottery tripod is quite large, which indicates that Haochuan culture may have changed its production mode and life style in order to adapt to the environment in xianxialing mountains, and the burial custom reflecting spiritual consciousness retains its original culture Tradition. Silty argillaceous grey pottery is the main pottery system of Haochuan culture. There are a certain number of argillaceous grey and black skin pottery, which is a major feature of Haochuan culture pottery. The number of pottery beans in Haochuan culture is more than the sum of other pottery, accounting for 57% of the total unearthed pottery. Tao Dou is rich in forms, clear in shape evolution and clear in development sequence. The most prominent modeling features of Haochuan culture pottery beans are their tall shape, shallow plate, developed vertical edges under the plate, and round and triangular holes in the top manufacturing base.

Haochuan culture has its own decorative style, which constitutes a distinctive cultural feature of Haochuan culture. Some of the pottery beans are decorated with vermilion at the mouth and foot, which may reflect that people at that time observed and appreciated these pottery from the side, and quite a few of them may be ritual pottery with special uses.

Development sequence

Another notable feature of pottery is that there are many water vessels, each of which has its own development sequence. Water vessels of different shapes, such as fish, cup and fish, have different uses. Starting from the second phase of the tomb, almost every one of the tombs should be the main utensil for boiling water. The cup is undoubtedly the utensil for drinking water, and it is likely to be used to hold wine. Some of the cups and pottery are decorated with vermilion, some of which may be used as ritual vessels. The three beaked jar is also unique to Haochuan culture. Another characteristic of Haochuan culture pottery is the appearance of a small number of patterned pottery, zigzag pottery and gray hard pottery. These strictly do not belong to the category of geometric patterned pottery, but they should be the origin of geometric patterned hard pottery.

The stone tools of Haochuan culture are mainly arrowheads, then Shicheng, and only one stone knife. Most of the stone arrowheads are in the shape of cinnamon leaf, and a few are in the shape of willow leaf. There are few stone bodies. The narrow and long shape of Shicheng, oblique edge, stile drilling and parallel double holes are its own shape characteristics. The jades of Haochuan culture have been identified as a series of soft jades. Most of the shapes are small cone-shaped vessels, beads and curved jade ornaments with geometric shapes. There are not many Yucheng, and Cong, Bi and other jade ritual vessels have not been found. There are no small holes in the tenon and most of the plain surface of the cone. Yucheng has two types: short and wide, narrow and long. The inclined blade is often broken, and there are two parallel holes like Shicheng. Sub waist shaped lacquerware and handle shaped lacquerware are another utensils with distinct characteristics of Haochuan culture, which may be the "ritual utensils" symbolizing a certain status of Haochuan culture. The ornaments on lacquerware experienced a change from stone to jade. The lacquerware inlaid with geometric curved surface embodies the exquisite jade craft and lacquerware making technology of Haochuan culture. The triple step shaped jade ornament is now unique to Haochuan cemetery

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Haochuan culture is an archaeological culture in the late Neolithic period, which is distributed in the xianxialing mountains of Southwest Zhejiang Province. Through typological comparison and comparative study with related cultures, it is inferred that the upper limit of Haochuan culture is in the late Liangzhu culture, and the lower limit is in the late Xia Dynasty and early Shang Dynasty, about 4200-3700 years ago, about 500 years ago.

Cultural characteristics

Haochuan culture is closely related to the surrounding Liangzhu culture, Huating base, Tanshishan culture, fanchengdui culture, Shanbei culture, Shixia culture, jiantounong culture, Maqiao culture and the Shang and Zhou Culture in songyinxi Valley, and has its own strong personality. Its cultural features are novel and unique, its cultural connotations are rich and colorful, and its cultural factors are diverse. Therefore, many archaeologists have named it "Haochuan culture".

The discovery of Haochuan cultural site fills the gap of Neolithic Archaeology in the border area of Southwest Zhejiang, Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, lays a solid foundation for the establishment of local archaeological cultural development pedigree, and provides useful clues for some major academic issues, which is a major breakthrough in prehistoric archaeology in Southwest Zhejiang. Now the excavation report of Haochuan cemetery was published in December 2001. Many archaeologists are studying the connotation of Haochuan culture. However, according to the analysis of some pottery pieces and stone tools collected around the Haochuan cultural site, there should be other human remains around the Haochuan cultural site, which needs further exploration and excavation.

Unknown domain

From the perspective of the scale of Haochuan cemetery, the living area of human beings in Haochuan will be a big "village". The living environment of human beings in Haochuan, the folk customs of human life in Haochuan, the architectural style of human houses in Haochuan and other unknown areas need to be further explored and studied after further exploration and excavation of the surrounding areas of Haochuan cultural sites.

In November 2002, a site of Haochuan culture was discovered in mouse mountain, Lucheng, Wenzhou, covering an area of 635 square meters. A total of 35 tombs of Haochuan culture and 6 tombs of Tang Dynasty were cleared, and a series of stone architecture remains of Haochuan culture were found. More than 1000 stone tools, pottery, bronze ware and a large number of pottery pieces were unearthed. The discovery of this site has enhanced people's understanding of the distribution of Haochuan culture, and at the same time, it has promoted people's understanding of the distribution of Haochuan culture, It also provides a wealth of information for the study of the layout characteristics and social structure of Haochuan cultural settlements

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Address: Haochuan village, Sanren she Township, Suichang County, Zhejiang Province

Longitude: 119.18070931317

Latitude: 28.553613203206

Chinese PinYin : Hao Chuan Gu Wen Hua Yi Zhi