Luwangcheng

Luwangcheng

Luwang city (also known as Yingchang Road) is a city built by Hongjila in Yuan Dynasty. It is located in darhansumu, southwest of Dalinor, keshteng banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Facing the lake with mountains, the terrain is strong and solid, surrounded by mountains and water, quiet and mysterious, green mountains and green waters, and the scenery is pleasant. Now it is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

introduce

The city of King Lu was built by Hongjila minister in Yuan Dynasty. It is located in darhansumu, southwest of darinor in today's keshteng banner. Hongjila, or translated as hongjilie, Weng Jila, yongjilie, etc., plural translated as Weng jilatai, Weng jilati, etc. Hongjila tribe is a large tribe on the Mongolian Plateau. Its original nomadic land was in the Genhe River, derbuir River and Erguna River Basin in today's Hulunbeier region. Later, because this area was enfeoffed to zhuochihasar, the younger brother of Genghis Khan, another fief was granted to Hongjila tribe. According to the records of texue Chan in the fifth biography of the Yuan Dynasty, texue Chan, surnamed bosihuer, had a family name of Hongjila and lived in shuomo. His real name is te. He was named Xue Chan for his meritorious service from Taizu, so he is also called te Xue Chan. Female said Bo Er Tai, Emperor Guangyi Saint queen Confucius said according to Chen ZIO Chen I'm sorry I want to know

According to the history of the Yuan Dynasty, texue Chan originally lived in Erguna, Hulunbeier grassland, and joined forces with Genghis Khan. His daughter was Genghis Khan's original wife.

In 1214, Genghis Khan stationed troops in Dalinor lake and granted the sons of texuechan to the north of Saihanba, dalaenori and Reshuitang, the south of Xilamulun River and the north of Weichang.

history

In 1214, when Genghis Khan attacked the Jin Dynasty, he stationed in diemieke'er, that is, the area of the lost Er Gulu River to the east of Xilinhot City to the north of today's Dalinor. He ordered that the northeast of today's Xilinguole League and the northwest of Chifeng City be given to the descendants of texue Chan of Hongjila department, such as Chen, CE, huohu and Tuolu huodu.

Genghis Khan's family's Qie tribe is related to Hongjila generation by marriage. Genghis Khan's father should also call Hongjila minister texue Chan his in laws. As a teenager, tie Muzhen made an appointment with bo'erte, the daughter of texue Chan. A few years later, he married bo'erte, and later became known as the empress of emperor guangxianyi. In the early days of the establishment of Mongolian khanate, the Hongjila army headed by Chen and huohu, the son of texue Chan, was an important force for Genghis Khan family. When the Mongolian army attacked the Jin Dynasty, Hongjila, yiqileisi, wuluwuti and mangrediti formed the famous "wutouxia", which was invincible. Among the tan Ma Red Army led by Mu Hua Li, there were 3000 cavalry led by Chen of Hongjila department. In 1237, kuotai Khan of Mongolia formally promulgated the imperial edict: "Hongjila's family gave birth to a daughter, who was later in the world; he gave birth to a man, who was Princess in the world." It established the marriage relationship between Hongjila tribe and the royal family of the Yuan Dynasty. It received various special treatment and enjoyed many privileges.

In the Central Plains, Hongjila tribe also had sub Feudalized food cities, which had administrative power and economic privileges, such as collecting taxes and renting land. They ruled effectively by appointing self recommended officials and establishing government. However, as the base of Hongjila tribe, it was still within its fiefdoms. It could build city walls, appoint officials, manage the army and the people. Yingchang road and Quanning road have been built successively as residences in summer and winter.

In 1270 (the seventh year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty), the Hongjila tribe, Ulu chenwanhu, and the nangjiazhen Princess requested to build a city in their enclosure. It was built in 1270 and named Yingchang mansion after completion. It was upgraded to road in 1285 (the 22nd year of Zhiyuan). There are three princesses, the great grandson of texue Chan, the grandson of Chen, and the son of nachen. They are princess Wanze first, Princess Wanze later, and princess nangjiazhen. Princess Nang Jiazhen was the daughter of Kublai Khan, so the construction of Yingchang city was soon completed with the support of the imperial court. After that, Nang Jiazhen married Timur, the younger brother of uchen, and then manzitai, the younger brother of Timur. When Chengzong ascended the throne, manzitai was granted the title of King Jining, and Nang Jiazhen was the eldest princess of the state of Lu. It is recorded in the list of kings in the history of the Yuan Dynasty that manzitai was granted the title of King Lu from Jining, but there is no record of the time, neither of the chronicle nor the herald. According to the records of the history of the Yuan Dynasty, diao'abula, the eldest son of Timur and the grandson of yesun, was granted to the king of Lu in 1307 (the 11th year of Dade); Alijia Shili, the son of diao'abula, was granted to the king of Lu in 1311 (the 4th year of Dade); sango'abula, the younger brother of diao'abula, was granted to the king of dan'an in 1334 (the 2nd year of Yuantong); and Ma had been granted to the king of Lu before 1354 (the 14th year of Zhizheng). Since the establishment of Yingchang City, at least four leaders of Hongjila tribe were appointed as the king of Lu. Therefore, Yingchang city is also called the King City of Lu.

In order to strengthen the control of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty set up the corresponding ruling institutions in the territory. Yingchang city first set up the government, and then changed to the road, which belongs to the lower class road, and set up the official posts of Dalu Huachi, the general manager and so on. In the cities under their jurisdiction, there were also Wangfu's offices. In fact, they were evolved from the deacons of Qixue who were in charge of all the affairs in the fiefdoms. In the history of Yuan Dynasty, only the Changchun Road recorded the subordinate organs and personnel of Wang Fu Fu, including the chief grain Office of the chief executive officer, the chief executive officer of the government office, the administrative office that was not the registered residence of the state, and the government officials, such as the men, the Hawks, the soldiers, the people, the military stations, the Ying fields, the rice fields and the smoke powder. Big. This kind of Ruling Institution in the feudal territory has great independence and independence. If it is not handled properly, it will also be questioned by the imperial court.

Rise and fall

The city of King Lu was built on a flat beach on the southwest Bank of Dalinor. A small river flowed from the south of the city to Dalinor. This is a rich and beautiful summer pasture. In summer, the water is clear and the grass is luxuriant, and the cattle and sheep are all over the grassland. Here, you can enjoy the scenery of lakes and mountains, and enjoy the grassland customs. Yang Yunfu, a man of Yuan Dynasty, wrote a poem about Yingchang City: "there are no trees in the east city, the wind blows in the west, and the river flows around the plug. On the river, you should drive to Changfu, and the moon shines on the palace of the king of Lu. " The geographical environment of the city of King Lu and the architecture of the palace of King Lu are described truly and vividly.

In Yuan Dynasty, Yingchang Road, Daning road and Quanning road were the three famous historical cities in northern part of the Great Wall. Lu is the second-class local administrative division in Yuan Dynasty.

In 1368, tuohuan Timur, Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty, withdrew from Dadu, declaring the end of Yuan Dynasty. Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty retreated to the capital first, and then to Yingchang in the second year. He continued to serve the zhengshuo of the Yuan Dynasty and carried out the established policies, which is known as the Northern Yuan Dynasty in history. In April 1370 (the 30th year of Zhizheng), Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty died of illness in Yingchang. His son Aiyou Shili Dala succeeded him to Xuanguang of the Yuan Dynasty. In May of the same year, Li Wenzhong led his army to attack Yingchang Road, the seat of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, and stormed into the city. Aiyou Shili Dala fled to Helin. After the Ming soldiers returned, Aiyou knew lidala and once again occupied Yingchang city. After his death in 1378, his son Tuo Gu Si Ti mu'er succeeded to the throne and changed to Tian Yuan. Under the attack of the Ming army, the Northern Yuan forces had to retreat to the Mongolian Plateau in Mobei. Yingchang was set up by the Ming army. After Xuande, the city was abandoned.

Architecture

The wall of Yingchang city was rammed with soil. Today, the residual height is 3 to 5 meters, the bottom width is 10 meters, and the top width is 2 meters. The plane of the wall is rectangular, 800 meters long from north to south, and 650 meters wide from east to west. In the middle of the East, South and west wall, the gate was opened and the urn was added. The southern part of the city is a block. From the south gate, there is a north-south street, with the South Street as the central axis. At 120m in the East and 220m in the west, there is a street parallel to the South Street. From the east gate to the west gate is the east-west street. 120 meters south of the street, there is another east-west street parallel to it. These streets intersect and divide the southern part of the city into eight blocks. There is a courtyard in the southeast corner of the block in the south of dongmennei road. In this courtyard, there is a monument of "New Confucianism on Yingchang road". This courtyard should be a Confucian site. There are also some courtyards in other blocks of the city, mainly workshops, temples and residents. In the center of the north of the city, that is, in the north of Dongxi street, there is a large courtyard. The earth built wall is about 1 meter high, 240 meters long from the north to the South and 220 meters wide from the east to the West. A gate is set in the middle of the wall on the East, South and north sides. The south gate is about 20 meters wide and has only stone column foundation. It should be a magnificent Gate site. There are three large-scale buildings in the courtyard, all of which are built on a 1.5-meter-high platform. The front hall is 30 meters in length and width, the middle hall is 70 meters in length and width, and the back hall is 30 meters in length and width. There are stone column bases on each hall site. The stone column bases on the middle hall site are covered with lotus petals. There are five pavilion tree building bases on both sides of the palace, and the last row is bungalow base and North Gate hall site. This courtyard should be the site of the general manager's mansion on Yingchang road.

In the northeast of the compound, there is another rectangular courtyard, which is 200 meters long from north to south, 150 meters wide from east to west, and 1.5 meters high. The south wall opens in the middle. There are three buildings in the courtyard, and an ambulatory is built between the first and second entrances to form a small courtyard in the compound. The center of the backyard is the main building site in the yard, and the East and west sides also have the site of the accessory hall and pavilion. The south wall of the courtyard is in line with the backwardness Hall of the courtyard, which means that it is much behind the courtyard. It should be the site of Wangfu mansion. There is also a courtyard in the northwest corner of the city, which is only built with walls in the East and south. The walls in the West and North are rectangular in plane, 180 meters long in the north and 180 meters wide in the South and 130 meters wide in the East and West. The south wall opens in the middle. There are three entrances to the buildings in the courtyard. Between the first and second entrances, there is an ambulatory. The third entrance is in the shape of a pin,

Chinese PinYin : Lu Wang Cheng