Yuanzhou ancient village

Yuanzhou ancient village

Yuanzhou village is located at the Bank of Guangxi in Siqian Town. It was gradually formed after the Wu family of Luoyang moved to Yuanzhou. There are four existing ancient dwellings and one ancestral hall, with a high overall grade. It is now a natural village under taibian administrative village. As a village, Yuanzhou village once flourished for a while, but declined for more than 100 years. There are four ancient dwellings and one ancestral temple in the ancient village. The overall quality of ancient buildings is high.

Features of scenic spots

Migration

During the Qing Dynasty, Huang and Wu families moved to Yuanzhou. Boshi, the ancestor of Huang family in Yuanzhou, was originally from Douxi, Fengcheng County, Nanchang Prefecture, Jiangxi Province. According to Huang's genealogy, Bo Shi was "a gentleman in the late Ming Dynasty who was skilled in literature and art. After the local chaos in Fengcheng, Nanchang, Bo Shi "carried the green bag to travel, as a way to avoid chaos". On the way, Bo Shi learned about the scenic spots of Zhejiang and Ou, and went there alone. During the period of entering ou, people from Taiyi invited him to choose a place in Thailand. After entering Thailand, Bo Shigong found that most of the places he chose were auspicious, so he stayed in Taishun for a long time. Later, the Huang family of Jiangxi pursued Bo Shi to Tai. Bo Shi and others "read the scenic spots of Taiyi, and the custom is good, so they chose a place of duyuanzhou to live in.". It was the beginning of Qing Dynasty.

The Wu family of Yuanzhou is after the Wuqi of Xinshan. Before he moved to Yuanzhou, his branches had moved to many places. According to Yuanzhou's genealogy of the Wu family, "the 15th grandson of Qi Gong moved to the north bank and passed on for generations When he arrived at the tenth Duke of Dian, he moved four li away and chose the source of Wu as his home. Wu Legong, a descendant of Wu Legong, visited the land of Kuocang for four years. Seeing his beautiful landscape, he lived in wujiadong and set up a family. To show the chaos of Japanese pirates in liugongkou, avoid Xiaoxian, the old capital. " It was in the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (1403-1424). By the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wu's family had suffered from war. In 1680, Duke Yue and his younger brother Junjia moved to luoyangxin. Later, Wu Yue moved from Luo Yangxin to Yuanzhou.

Village environment

"There is no immortal in the mountain, no name, and no dragon in the water. Luoyang is also a famous scenic spot in Dongou. Fifty miles to the north, it is named Yuanzhou, with unique scenery. Mountain hair covers the veins of Cang, and water plays the source of eastern Zhejiang. In the former case, the black gauze is straight and beautiful, and in the back wall, there is Jinping Baqi. In the middle of a stream, two peaks stand emeraldly. The golden list is hanging in the gate of heaven, and the Huabiao is standing on the axis of the earth. The Red Cliff built in the pavilion can watch fish with the warmth of spring, and the West Peak built in the temple can help to listen to deer in autumn. The mountains and rivers are pregnant with spirits, and there are many talented people coming out in large numbers... " This is a description in "scenery preface" of Yuanzhou's Huang's genealogy, which expounds the surrounding environment of the village.

The model used to explore the geomantic treasure land (living environment) in Kan Yu Shu is the expression of the ancients' environmental view. Yuanzhou has a backer in the back, a case mountain in the front, and sand protection in the left and right. The middle part has a clear hall structure, and the terrain is spacious. It is surrounded by "jade belt water" meandering streams, forming a slightly open and relatively closed environment. This geographical pattern is called "four spirit land" in Fengshui.

Folk houses

There are four existing dwellings in Yuanzhou, which are called yangtoucuo, laocuo, Sanfen and waicuo respectively. The overall architectural style of the four dwellings is very similar. They are courtyard style, double gatehouse, high wall building, brick, stone and wood archway style gatehouse. Color painting can be seen everywhere, and more colors are used. This is one of the characteristics of Yuanzhou dwellings. On the lintels of the doors of Huang's yangtoucuo and other dwellings, there are exquisitely carved patterns of yin and Yang. After entering the gate, the second entrance gate tower is on the left. The second entrance gate towers of yangtoucuo, laocuo and Sanfen are round. The round gate tower and the main hall are on the same central axis. The first entrance building is located in the left front of the courtyard, which is staggered with the circular gate building, so that the courtyard wall connected with the circular gate building becomes the screen wall of the first entrance building, which plays a role in blocking the sight. Why build a double gate? The mottled couplet on the round door of the old house says: "a room with a auspicious entrance has a lot of auspicious atmosphere.". Besides being particular about feng shui, it is also the psychological expression of the ancients. The second entrance gate tower of Wu's waicuo is unique in its wooden structure. The old house was originally a large-scale house, but the building on the right side has been damaged. On the left is still a complete courtyard style building. The main entrance to the house is to the right, which is the wooden gate of the outer house. Although this wooden gate building is not as colorful as other residential gatehouses, it reveals its lightness and simplicity, not as dignified and gorgeous as brick and stone gatehouses. The wooden gate building is a single room suspended on the top of the mountain. The eaves are deep, and the cornices are nailed at the outer end of the eaves rafters. The front of the eaves column is a drum stone. The eaves column is heavily arched to support the components on the beam frame. The arch end is carved with a dragon head and tail, and the dragon mouth also contains a pearl. The carving of "dragon" shaped patterns adds a bit of dignity to this lightweight gate tower.

Some of the main rooms and wing rooms share a courtyard, while others build walls in the courtyard to divide the courtyard into three parts, such as the old house. There are two courtyard walls with leaky windows in the courtyard of laocuo, and a door is set at the outer end of the wall, so that the small courtyard of the wing room is separated from and connected with the courtyard. The leaky windows in the courtyard are also the focus of decoration. The most beautiful flower decoration on the leaky windows of the old house is the butterfly pattern, which is beautiful and vivid.

Hall, eaves gallery and courtyard are important public space, and the integration of the three constitutes the main public activity place of residential buildings. In terms of hierarchy, the hall takes the lead, and important activities such as weddings and funerals are held here. Most of the floor beams of the halls are hung with plaques, there are sacrificial tables in front of the Taishi wall, and there are benches in front of the left and right walls. There are two kinds of stools in the hall. The simple ones don't do any decoration. The exquisite ones are generally not long and can sit three or four people. This kind of stools have armrests on the left and right and backrests on the back. The backrests are the places for decoration. On the back of the chairs in the third Hall of Wu's family, there are carved patterns of eight immortals, such as the Yin Yang board of Uncle Cao, the banana fan of Han Zhongli, and the gourd of Li Tieguai.

The eaves corridor runs through the hall, wing room and courtyard, which is a transitional space and a visual center. Therefore, the doors and windows of the main room and the frame under the eaves become the focus of decoration. Craftsmen use a large number of themes to carve with great artistic appeal. In Huang's yangtoucuo, the auspicious character "Fulu" is carved in the shape of dragon and Phoenix in the middle of the moon beams on both sides of the hall. There are also various kinds of carvings such as baotouliang, Dougong and queti. The upper tapering plate of the lattice fan is carved with plum blossoms and figures. The most abundant carving content is Wu's waicuo, which is also the most widely distributed. Compared with waicuo, yangtoucuo is only carved in the most important parts. The moon beams and brackets between the main rooms and the ends are obviously not as complicated and exquisite as those on both sides of the hall. The tapering plates between the tips and between the ends have all been plain. Wu's waicuo, on the other hand, is different in that it is carved in Ming Dynasty, CI Dynasty, Yue Liang Dynasty, Baotou Liang Dynasty and Dou Gong Dynasty. The carving of the door and window lattice is even more wonderful, including chrysanthemum, plum, peach, vase, dark eight immortals, "happiness of fortune, fortune and longevity", etc.

The backyard is quite different from the solemn vestibule, which is a leisure place. There are many flowers and trees in the courtyard, which are integrated with the lush forest in the back mountain. It is full of business and natural atmosphere.

Some of the stairs to the second floor are set at the end of the corridor, some behind the taishibi. The corridor on the second floor is surrounded by fancy railings, which are simple but elegant. The most representative is Huang's yangtoucuo. The railings are extremely rich. The main room is connected with the wing rooms and corridors on both sides, which is called "zouma corridor". There are shrines in the hall on the second floor of each residence for worshiping ancestors and gods.

ancestral hall

"The ancestral temple is the place for ceremony, and the people who crown the wedding and funeral ceremonies must tell them," which shows the importance of ancestral temple as a ritual architecture in the village. After the Wu family moved from Luo Yangxin to Yuanzhou, "the ancestral temple was first built in the Yangwei of Yuanzhou, with a rough scale. For more than a hundred years, dongjue has been rotten, and those who live in the same place think it's bad luck.". Chu Fang was worried about it, but failed to rebuild it. Yi Chou gathers his people in spring and plans for Yan Measure the wealth of your family and the amount of money you donate I also changed the foundation of Yangwei temple into some money On the 8th of April, the ancestral hall was rebuilt in Yangtou, the village. Wu's ancestral hall is built on the right side of Huang's Yangtou house, surrounded by walls. The scale is not big, only two enters. One into the gatehouse, archway style, hanging peak. Three rooms wide and two deep. Two into the bedroom, hanging a plaque on the beam frame, the Chinese characters "Luozhong old man", is Taishun County Confucianism Department Principal Wu ruogeng for life, Yuan Wu Zhengkou, Qibin Wu Junyue Li, the age of Kangxi forty years (1710). The wooden beam frame of the dormitory is a mixed structure of lifting beam and crossing bucket, with nine purlins. The structure of Wu's ancestral hall is very simple, which has something to do with the financial resources of the clan.

Huang's ancestral hall was first built in 1865 and has been destroyed. We don't know the architectural form of the ancestral hall, but we can learn from Huang's genealogy about Huang's regulations on the management of ancestral hall and the memorial ceremony. Huang has four rooms of Cong, Ming, Rui and Zhi, and the fees for the construction of the ancestral hall are donated by the Ruifang people. "Therefore, only the Lord of yue'an temple is entitled to enjoy the middle shrine. In the future, all the affairs in the ancestral hall will be managed by the Ruifang group, and the three rooms of Congming and Zhi should not forget to call the ancestral foundation a public property.". It also stipulates that only reading and martial arts are allowed in the ancestral hall, coffins and filthy objects are not allowed to stop hiding, and craftsmen are not allowed to work inside.

Generally, ancestral temples have sacrificial fields, and the income from sacrificial fields is used for the maintenance and sacrifice of ancestral temples. After the construction of Huang's ancestral hall, there was no public sacrifice. Ruifang was in charge of the sacrificial ceremony of the middle niches of the first, high and great ancestors, and each room provided its own soup and rice to pay homage. "If in the future there are virtuous descendants who can offer to rent into the shrine, all the shrines, Gongjue shrines and Xiaoyi shrines will be discussed again.".

There are Gongjue niche and Xiaoyi niche respectively in Huang's ancestral hall, and the clan also made regulations on the entry of the shrine. If you want to enter the Gongjue niche, you must be someone who has won the imperial examinations and made great contributions to the ancestral temple (including those who have offered to rent more than 80 Guan and contributed to repair the ancestral temple). As for the donation of land and property, the clan rules are also detailed

Chinese PinYin : Yuan Zhou Gu Cun Luo