Heji Lake

In fact, there are Heji Lake in many places, but the Heji Lake in Wuliangsuhai is a very beautiful scenery. Heji lake is a lake related to rivers. Its genesis is various, the lake water is shallow, the general area is small, and has a certain connection with the original river.

Oxbow lake

synonym

Heji Lake generally refers to the oxbow lake

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

to examine

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Oxbow lake, a river flowing in plain area, has developed meander. With the scouring and erosion of water on the river surface, the river becomes more and more meander. Finally, the river is naturally cut and straightened, and the river flows directly from the straightening part. The original curved river channel is abandoned, forming a lake. Because the shape of this lake is just like Oxbow, it is called oxbow lake.

origin

Niuhe lake, also known as Heji lake, is a lake formed by the old channel left after the curved channel was cut and straightened due to the change or diversion of the river. Most of these lakes are in the shape of crescent moon, and the water depth is small. For example, in Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province, lakes are scattered all over the world. These lakes were formed by sediment from the Yangtze River and the Han River into the ancient yunmengze. Honghu Lake, located in the southernmost part of Jianghan Plain, is the second largest lake in Inner Mongolia, covering an area of 220 square kilometers.

distribution

Most of them are distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain and Northeast Plain

characteristic

Generally, it is a freshwater lake, most of which are crescent shaped, with open water area, developed economy around the lake, rich cultural and historical relics and high tourism value.

The trace type lakes are mainly formed by the development of rivers and the changes of river courses. Most of the rivers and tributaries are plains. In China, most of the large-scale lakes in Niuhe lake are formed by the natural dikes blocking the tributaries due to the swing of rivers, such as Dongting Lake (Hunan), Poyang Lake (Jiangxi), Baiyangdian Lake (Hebei), Hongze Lake (Jiangsu), etc.

Formation process

1. The river bends as it swings

2. With the continuous erosion and erosion of the river bank, the meander develops

3. The river bends more and more

4. The river scoured and eroded the most curved bank, so the river was cut straight

5. The river flows away from the straight part of the bend, and the original bend is abandoned

6. The abandoned meander became oxbow lake

Special attention should be paid to the following two situations: first, with the increasing curvature of the river, a very narrow "isthmus" is formed. At this time, the "isthmus" can be washed away by a huge flood to straighten the river channel, which is called "truncation term straightening"; second, a new riverbed is washed out along the gully to straighten the river channel, which is called "gully straightening"; some people also call it "cross gully straightening" Straight. "Truncation straight" indicates the sudden abandonment of the channel, and the sedimentary sequence is thin sand and thick mud; while "cross ditch straight" indicates the gradual abandonment of the channel, and the sedimentary sequence is thick sand and thin mud. The rock mass is called lenticular, which can extend for tens of kilometers and be tens of meters thick.

Typical lakes

Wuliangsuhai

Wuliangsuhai in Inner Mongolia is a famous oxbow lake. Wuliangsuhai is a Mongolian phonetic translation, which means yangshuhu. It is 8.5km northeast of wulateqian banner, Bayannaoer League, Inner Mongolia. It is a typical river trace of Niuhe lake, which is closely related to the diversion of the Yellow River and the development of agricultural irrigation in Houtao plain. Before 1850, the Yellow River flowed into Houtao plain and was divided into South and North rivers. At that time, the South River (today's Yellow River) was not the main channel, but the North River (today's Wula River to Wujia River) was the main channel. It joined the Shimen River along the Langshan River and then turned south to flow into the South River.

Later, because of the neotectonic movement, the Houtao plain subsided, and the Beihe river was blocked at the western end of Wula, so it could not flow eastward, forming an arc channel at the north and South corners, which was the predecessor of the development of Wuliangsuhai.

Later, due to the continuous expansion of the alluvial fan at the foot of Langshan Mountain, the riverbed was raised. Finally, in 1850, the 15km long channel between Wula River and Wujia river was silted up, and the Beihe river was forced to move southward to become the present Yellow River. The original channel only left two ponding depressions, dabaerdong and haihao, forming a lake with an area of only 2km2, and the rest of the lowlands were reclaimed as farmland.

After the Han farmers settled down in Houtao, they took Wujia River as the main channel for agricultural irrigation in Houtao, so that all the irrigation tail water flowed into dabaerdong and haihao depression. In addition, the Yellow River flooded many times at this time and injected water into the lake, so that the original water area expanded year by year. At present, the lake covers an area of 233km2, the maximum water depth is 2.5m, the average water depth is 1.12M, and the water storage capacity is 325 million cubic meters.

Bailu lake and Paihu Lake

Chibakou, Bailu lake and Paihu Lake in Hubei Province are the famous oxbow lake.

There are many Oxbow lakes on both sides of the Jingjiang River in Hubei Province of China. This is due to the low and flat terrain and slow flow of water in this area.

effect

1. Because of its beautiful scenery, suitable climate and rich animal and plant resources, it has become an important tourism resource and nature reserve. For example, Dongting Lake District, located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, was listed in the "list of world important wetlands" in 1992 and promoted to a National Nature Reserve in 1994.

2. It provides irrigation water for China's important commodity grain and cotton base, and also becomes an important fish, shrimp, shellfish and crab breeding base. Some lakes also provide production water for surrounding factories and domestic water for local residents. The water with good water quality and strong liquidity can also be used as drinking water source.

3. Most rivers are connected with wide rivers, which is an important part of shipping and plays an important role in transportation.

Address: Wuliangsu sea view area, Inner Mongolia

Longitude: 108.910027

Latitude: 40.970126

Chinese PinYin : He Ji Hu