Fengyu Bridge

Fengyu Bridge

Fengyu bridge, also known as Huaqiao and Fuqiao, is popular in parts of southern China. It is composed of bridges, towers and pavilions, which are all made of wood. The deck is paved with planks. Railings and benches are set on both sides of the bridge, and the roof tiles of the bridge form a long corridor corridor. Towers and pavilions are built on stone bridge piers, with multi-storey, overhanging eaves and gourds on the top. They are known as one of the top ten most incredible bridges in the world. Because pedestrians can avoid wind and rain in the past, it is called Fengyu bridge.

structure characteristics

Fengyu bridge is usually composed of bridge, tower and pavilion. The material is mainly wood, which is connected by chiseling tenon. The bridge deck is paved with slabs, and hurdles and benches are set on both sides to form a long corridor. On the stone bridge piers, there are many towers and pavilions, each of which is decorated with Phoenix and dragon. There are mascots on the top, such as baohulu and Millennium crane.

The bridge is composed of huge stone piers, wooden bridge body, long profile and pavilions. In addition to stone piers, all of them are of wood structure, and they are all inlaid with mortise and tenon instead of one nail and one iron. The bridge is made of huge wood.

From the stone pier, the inverted trapezoidal bridge with huge wood structure is used to lift the arch bridge body, so that the stress points are balanced, and the deck corridor is like a long dragon. There are three or five octagonal pavilions with four corners on three or five floors. At the end of the eaves tile beam of the bridge, there is a Corning Ling, which is in the shape of danfengchaoyang, carp jumping on the beach and sitting on a lion with treasure.

On the top of the main beam, there are two dragons fighting for treasure, and they are decorated with colorful paintings. The long section of the bridge is a passageway with benches on both sides for pedestrians to rest. At the top of the two walls of the long profile, various historical figures are carved on wooden boards, or fairy tales are painted.

The whole building does not need to be nailed and riveted. It is made of wood, chiseled and tenoned, and inserted vertically and horizontally. The roof of the shed is covered with hard and solid tiles, and all the exposed wooden surfaces are coated with anti-corrosion tung oil. Therefore, these huge buildings, spanning streams and rivers, stand tall in the sky, and are still indestructible after a long period of wind and rain.

Construction process

Wind and rain bridges are all built with fir as the main building material. When building the bridge, it is not necessary to use an iron nail, but only to drill countless holes of different sizes on the columns, connect them with tenons, and slant through the straight sleeve. Its firmness is no less than that of iron and stone bridges, which can be extended for two or three hundred years without damage.

People design all kinds of wind and rain bridges according to their hobbies and the width of the river bed. However, among the many wind and rain bridges, the pavilion type wind and rain bridge is the most. This kind of wind and rain bridge sets up many pagoda style pavilions on the top of the corridor. The eaves of the pavilions overlap, with less three floors and more five floors. The bridge is solemn and towering, like a giant dragon lying on the river, breathtaking mountains and rivers, very spectacular. There are exquisite railings and comfortable seats on both sides of the bridge deck for people to rest. The walls of the bridge are carved or painted with auspicious objects such as lions, bats, Phoenix and unicorns. The images are humorous, free and easy, antique and lifelike. It is said that the Fengyu bridge built on the river is not only to provide convenient transportation for people, but also to keep evil spirits and money.

Architectural features

There are many well-known drum towers and wind rain bridges in Guizhou and Guangxi. These ancient buildings, which flourished from the late Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, have rigorous structure, unique shape and rich national temperament. The whole building does not need to be nailed and riveted together with other iron parts, but is connected by durable Chinese fir tenons. Fengyu bridge, also known as Huaqiao, is one of the most distinctive folk buildings in Dong architecture. Miao villages like to stand close to mountains, while Dong villages are mostly built on both sides of rivers and streams to live across water. Therefore, stone arch bridge, stone slab bridge and bamboo strip bridge appeared in Dong village. The most national characteristic is fengyuqiao.

This bridge, also known as "flower bridge", is named for its ability to avoid wind and rain and decorated with colored paintings. It is a bridge building integrating bridge, corridor and pavilion. The bridge is composed of three parts: the lower part, the middle part and the upper part. The lower part is the bridge pier, which is surrounded by big Bluestone and filled with stone. It is a hexahedral column. The upstream and downstream are acute angles, so as to reduce the impact of flood. The middle part is the bridge deck, which adopts the dense cantilever bracket simply supported beam system, all of which are wooden structures. The bridge span is generally not more than 10 meters to accommodate the Limited timber length. The upper part is the bridge deck Pavilion, which is connected by the beam column system of mortise and tenon. The wooden pillars of the pavilion are equipped with a stool railing, and a layer of rain eaves is protruded outside the railing, which not only enhances the overall aesthetic feeling of the bridge, but also protects the deck and bracket. The bridge is placed on the pier, and there is no riveting measure between the pier and the abutment, only because the abutment and the pier play the role of overhead bearing platform.

Distribution area

Fengyu bridge is popular in some areas of the south, and is mostly built on the main roads. It is convenient for passers-by to have a rest. It is also a welcoming place. It has always been built by the people to raise funds, offer work and materials. A stone tablet is erected at the end of the bridge and engraved with the names of the donors.

Sanjiang, Guangxi

Chengyang bridge, located on Linxi River in Sanjiang, Guangxi, is the representative of Fengyu bridge. Because there are corridors and pavilions on the bridge, it can not only be used for pedestrians, but also avoid wind and rain, so it is called Fengyu bridge. This bridge was built in 1912, is a four hole five pier cantilever wooden beam bridge. Its structure is mainly composed of pier and bridge body. The bottom of the pier is paved with pine wood, and the diamond shaped pier base is built with putty and aggregate stone. Several layers of giant fir logs are laid on the top of the pier, and then the wooden board is laid as the bridge deck, and the tile top corridor bridge body is covered on the bridge deck. The body of the bridge is a four column building. On the top of the bridge, a number of tiles are built higher than the body of the bridge, and a number of stories of cornices are built, which are beautiful and spectacular. On each of the five stone piers, there are pagoda shaped and palace shaped bridges and pavilions, winding and crisscross, imposing. There are carvings and paintings on the eaves of the corridors and pavilions. The characters, landscapes, flowers and animals are bright and lifelike. They are the crystallization of the wisdom of the people of Dong Township and the art treasures of Chinese wooden architecture.

The bridge across the Linxi river is a pavilion type building with stone piers and wood structure, with 2 sets, 3 piers and 4 holes. There are 5 tower type bridge pavilions and 19 bridge corridors built on the piers and abutments. The pavilions and corridors are connected and integrated, which is very magnificent. The bridge is 64.4 meters long, 3.4 meters wide and 10.6 meters high. There are railings on both sides of the bridge, which looks like a corridor. There are five multi angle tower pavilions in the bridge. The cornice is high and tilted, which looks like wings stretching. The pilasters, tile eaves and carvings of the bridge. The whole bridge is magnificent, the weather is rich, like a brilliant rainbow. The amazing thing about its architecture is that the whole bridge doesn't need to be nailed and riveted, and the big and small pieces of wood are connected by tenons. The whole structure, oblique through straight sets, crisscross, but not bad. There are benches on both sides of the bridge for people to rest.

According to relevant records, Chengyang Fengyu bridge is as famous as Zhaozhou Bridge with stone arch, Luding Bridge with Tiesuo and woqiao bridge with steel girder in Rome. It is one of the four famous historical bridges in the world, which is a miracle in the history of world architecture.

The project was undertaken by Yang Siyu, a famous Dong carpenter and inheritor of Dong wood construction techniques, a national intangible cultural heritage, and seven wood construction engineering teams with a total of more than 150 people. In September 2009, the cement structure of Sanjiang Fengyu bridge with an investment of more than 50 million yuan was partially completed and opened to traffic. In March 2010, the Ministry of timber construction of Fengyu bridge constructed the bridge, which required more than 1800 cubic meters of timber.

Xinchang, Zhejiang

Shangsankeng village, Qiaoying Township, about 40 kilometers southeast of Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province, is on the old road from Sanjing to Ninghai. Today, there are Fengyu bridge and wooden arch bridge, on which there is a bridge corridor for pedestrians to take shelter from the rain and chat with villagers. The bridge is 16.8 meters long, 4.78 meters wide and 8.13 meters high from the underwater to the eaves of the bridge. The bridge corridor is supported by 36 wooden columns, 13 on each side, and wooden boards on both sides are used as bridge railings. The foot of the bridge is composed of 23 logs in two octagonal shapes. Among them, 14 wooden columns are embedded in the sills on both banks and paved with bridge slabs. In May 1992, Professor Tang Huancheng, a bridge expert in China, was invited to make a new investigation. He believed that the bridge was simplified from the Qingming River map of the Song Dynasty.

The existing fengyuqiao building was rebuilt in the 19th year of Jiaqing (1814) of the Qing Dynasty. It is a cultural relic protection unit at the county level. A few days ago, the relevant departments of Xinchang invested 150000 yuan in the comprehensive repair of the old bridge, and the appearance of the old bridge after the repair has taken on a new look.

FUDING Guanyang

Guanyang Xiyang Fengyu bridge, also known as Laoren bridge, was first built in Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty and has been built for nearly 500 years. The old man bridge was built to commemorate the old man Qiu Fu in the seventeen capitals of the Ming Dynasty, and is still in good condition. Laorenqiao is located in laorenqiao natural village, Xiyang administrative village, Guanyang Township, Fuding county. It faces northeast from the southwest. It is an arc-shaped ancient bridge with wooden structure, spanning the stream and pool, with a spectacular scale. The bridge is 30.8 meters long and 8 meters wide. The main body (bridge) structure is composed of five sections and three layers of intersections. 135 wooden tubes (excluding cross frame wooden tubes) are used, of which four "dilongmu" at both ends are 85 cm in diameter. At the top of the bridge, there are sleepers and nailed bridge slabs. A bridge pavilion is built on top of the bridge. There are 56 vertical columns, four of which are connected by dragon wood. The upper beams are nailed to rafters and cover tiles. On both sides of the bridge, there are columns and benches. The outside of the bridge is covered with wooden nails to resist the invasion of wind and rain. Reasonable design and firm construction. The bridge pavilion is shaped like a long corridor, with two shrines in the center. One is dedicated to the stone statues of Sizhou Buddha, Shuiguan emperor and Zhenwu emperor. The carving is exquisite, and the look is like life, with a stone censer in front. According to the investigation, these stone elephants and incense burners were moved from pankengqiao (across from qiantoudian, which does not exist today) when laorenqiao was completed. One niche is dedicated to Qiu Laoren. In the niche, there is a wooden embossed gold God plate with double dragons playing with pearls and a long-standing stone incense stove in front, engraved with the words "Qiu Laoren Gong"

Chinese PinYin : Feng Yu Qiao