XIJIASHAN residence

XIJIASHAN ancient folk house, also known as XIJIASHAN Folk Museum, is located in Jiang'an County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province. It was first built in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, and then renovated and expanded year by year. At the end of Qing Dynasty, it formed a large-scale manor house. The residence is arranged in a courtyard with three entrances, covering an area of 11000 square meters and 123 rooms. In addition to the solid walls and four corner watchtowers, the rest of the houses are made of wooden structure with hanging mountains and arches, and covered with green tiles.

Transportation: XIJIASHAN residence is located in Jiang'an County, Yibin. Take a bus or boat from Yibin to Jiang'an County by the Yangtze River, and then transfer to the city. It's about 40 minutes' drive from Jiang'an to XIJIASHAN.

XIJIASHAN residence

XIJIASHAN folk house, a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national AAAA tourist attraction, is located in XIJIASHAN Town, Jiang'an County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province. It was built in the 40th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1612 A.D.) and completed in the Qing Dynasty. It is a typical feudal landlord's manor in southern Sichuan. It is the product and material evidence of self-sufficient feudal natural economy. Its long history and well preserved are extremely rare in southern Sichuan and even in the whole country.

The architectural development history of XIJIASHAN folk house is a social history and custom history of Sichuan folk since the end of Ming Dynasty. XIJIASHAN folk house is known as "the living fossil of Chinese folk architecture" and "the essence of Chinese folk architecture", which is of great value to the study of Chinese folk architecture history, folk art history, folk custom history and southern Sichuan social history. A large number of Zhennan are distributed around the folk house, and there are tens of thousands of national second-class protected animals - egrets, forming a rare "natural egret Park" in China.

Historical overview

XIJIASHAN residence is located 18 kilometers southeast of Jiang'an County in Yibin City. It was built in 1612 in the 40th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. After several major repairs in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, it is still intact. The residence is located in the South and North, with Anyuan mountains in the South and shallow hills in the north. It has the momentum of "thousands of people bow their hands and thousands of mountains come to Korea". It covers an area of 68000 square meters and a construction area of 10056 square meters.

XIJIASHAN folk house, 123 houses, is a kind of wooden structure of hanging mountain and crossing bucket. The layout is rigorous, the primary and secondary are clear, the opening and closing are orderly, magnificent, the deep courtyard high wall, the cornice Dai WA, the ancient trees towering, set off in the forest and bamboo, the scenery is beautiful and charming.

In 1996, XIJIASHAN residence was announced by the State Council as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In 2006, it was rated as a national AAAA tourist attraction.

The whole residential building is built on four platforms. It is a courtyard style with three entrances in depth and 11 patios. Taking the main entrance, front hall and main hall as the central axis, it spreads out to the two wings, and has the east garden, the west garden and the back garden. In addition to the solid wall and the four corner watchtower, the rest of the houses are made of wooden structure with green tiles.

The front hall, patio, main room, living room, wing room, stage, watchtower, double mast, green tile and brown wood are all available. The antique tables, chairs, beds, cabinets and windows all show the exquisite decoration details, and also reflect the manor owner's pursuit of material and spiritual life. The exquisite architectural technology and the perfect expression of ancient folk customs can be called the "fossil of folk architecture" in southern Sichuan and the "walking dictionary" in the history of architectural culture. The exquisite woodcarving art of folk houses is a treasure of Chinese folk woodcarving art and an important historical material for the study of architecture and living environment in Ming Dynasty.

Folklore

The middle gate of the residence is called Wenkui gate. The word "Wenkui" is engraved on the lintel. It is said that it is used to drive away evil spirits and suppress ghosts. When ghosts see "Wenkui", they dare not go any further and are rejected. Another legend is that "Wenkui" is the star in the sky and the God in charge of the fame of scholars in the world. As long as his brush hits anyone, he will be the number one scholar. Therefore, the scholarly family all respect him very much and worship him on the lintel to show respect.

The vermilion wood wall on the front of the front hall is a carved wooden door with windows that can be opened and closed. At ordinary times, the wall is made of door bolts and bars, leaving only the middle door open for people to enter and leave. If there is a large flow of people in and out, open all the doors to form a smooth hall.

The carving on the door leaf is exquisite, ingenious, rich, concise and colorful, which fully demonstrates the wood carving art of ancient China. The content of sculpture is traditional allusions. Such as "fishing", "woodcutting", "farming" and "reading". "Yu" vividly reflects the philosophy of not fishing with all efforts through the comparison between two fishermen fishing and fishing in water; "Qiao" tells the audience to cherish friendship with the allusions of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi, and it is hard to find a bosom friend; "Geng" depicts the farming of Dashun, whose special feature lies in the use of elephants rather than cattle, which is not only the true representation of farming history, but also the implication of agriculture It contains the meaning of "Vientiane is more (ploughing) new", and "reading" uses the allusions of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai's Lishan Gongshu. "Fishing", "woodcutting", "farming" and "reading" embody the master's idea of living in the world. Second, auspicious patterns, such as "double happiness", "Qilin Tubao", "lifelong auspiciousness", "fortune", "fortune", "longevity", "happiness", etc. The third is the folklore, such as "Qilin Tuyu book", "dark Eight Immortals" and so on. In the technique of expression, homophony and pun are used to express the meaning. For example, "bell orange sheep", an orange tree, a bell on the tree, a sheep under the tree, homophonic is "life-long auspicious", "Lotus born three halberds", the picture is a lotus, with three halberds on the flower, that is "three levels of continuous promotion". The hollowed out wooden arch on the front eaves of the front hall is ingenious and vivid in shape and exquisite in carving. It is not only the support of architectural mechanics, but also the indispensable decoration of aesthetics. Its contents include "happiness in front of us", "happy salary", "longevity of pine and crane", "happy days" and so on.

Hall wall

On the wall in front of the hall, there is a plaque of "long Guang Yong Xie" presented by Liu Guangdi. Under the plaque is a colorful and ingenious "cockscomb". "Cockscomb" is a decorative component on the passage of the house. The pattern of the "cockscomb cover" is "a hundred birds facing the Phoenix" in the middle, and a symmetrical "fish leaping over the dragon's gate" on the left and right, followed by "wild deer with flowers" and "deer and crane Tongtai" respectively. Several patterns are strung together with melons and vines, taking the meaning of the sentence "mianmiangua rung, the birth of the people" in the book of songs. Daya, which shows the host's hope that the descendants will continue, and the generation will be stronger than the generation.

Go through the front hall and directly ahead is the main room. The main hall is a place for offering sacrifices, discussing important matters and holding important ceremonies. It is the concentrated embodiment of feudal theocracy, clan power and husband power. Generally, visitors, miscellaneous people, women, especially pregnant women, are not allowed to cross the threshold of the main hall (except for the women with the highest status in the family and the bride who worships the hall). On the lintel of the main hall hung a large plaque with the inscription "Bo Zhong Zeng Hui" inscribed by Huang's relatives and friends. The gate of the main hall is a traditional "three wipe six fan" carved wooden door, which is one of the symbols of the "Huguang filling Sichuan" family. "Three erasures and six fans" originated from the sentence "craftsmen run the country, square nine Li, side three doors, nine longitudes and nine latitudes" in KAOGONGJI of the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period. There is a "Shrine" on the top of the main hall, on which the memorial tablet of "heaven, earth, king, father and teacher" is worshipped. The writing of these seven words is quite particular. In short, it means "the earth does not leave the earth, the earth does not leave the earth, the king does not open his mouth, the eyes do not close, the teacher does not leave the coin, and the position does not leave the person.".

The Ming room on the left side of the main hall is the place where old lady Huang ate and worshiped Buddha, and the second room is her bedroom. When someone in the family gets married, the second room is for the bridal chamber. After the couple spend half a year here, they move to other rooms. Therefore, the left second room is not only the highest status of women's bedroom, but also the "eternal bridal chamber".

Left side of main hall

The middle living room is on the left side of the hall, where the host receives medium-sized guests. On the lintel of the living room hung a huge plaque of "three phoenix flying together". It is said that because Huang's children got three scholars in the same scientific examination, AI Cai, then magistrate of the county, presented this plaque as a token of congratulations and reward. In the hall, the decoration is gorgeous and the furnishings are quaint. Outside, the trees are dancing and the Hibiscus is smiling, revealing the elegant taste of the host.

There are side doors on both sides of the living room. Through the side door, you enter the entertainment area, another world of folk houses. This spacious hall is called "Gong" hall, which is named because it is similar to "Gong". It is usually a passageway, and it is a place for tea and opera when it is busy. The left and right wing rooms are the living rooms for high and medium-sized guests. Outside the wing room, there is a patio with flowers and trees, beautiful and quiet. There is a step in front of the I-shaped hall. Up the steps is the stage. There is a couplet on the column in front of the stage: "moving the shadow and changing the form is like the father and son of a monarch and minister, pretending to cry and laughing to express the joys and sorrows of separation". It is ingenious in conception, profound in conception, and silently shows to people that this is the world of drama. On the left and right Chinese boards at the entrance of the platform are carved "boat borrowing umbrella" in the legend of the White Snake and "Yingying listening to Qin" in the romance of the west chamber. The characters are vivid. The floor cover of the stage is exquisite. Experts and scholars praised the "collection of the essence of China's traditional woodcarving". It is fully deserve its own carving. There are historical stories, such as "Huang Dao Zhou, sending soldiers to fight against Qing"; there are dramatic stories, such as "do not join the army"; some are drawn from Tang poetry, such as "finding a hidden person not to meet" or "Qingming poem". Some of them use homophonic and symbolic techniques to express their good wishes,

Chinese PinYin : Xi Jia Shan Min Ju