Diexi Lake

Diexihaizi is actually a section of the mainstream of Minjiang River, which is a barrier lake formed by the earthquake. The width of the lake is only about 1 km, but it is as long as 10 km. Haizi is formed from the upper and lower parts of the lake, like a intestine. Haizi is surrounded by green hills, green grass and rippling water. The scenery is beautiful and charming. The formation of this earthquake lake was at 15:50 on August 25, 1933, when a strong earthquake occurred in Diexi Town, north of Maowen. According to China earthquake catalogue, the micro epicenter was located at 31.9 ° N and 103.4 ° e, with a magnitude of 7.5 and a focal depth of 6.1 km. According to the local survivors, the drought lasted for more than 40 days before the earthquake. Before the earthquake, white ground light was produced, which is called "Tianmen Kaikai". The day before the earthquake, yaks screamed and the weather was muggy. When the earthquake happened, the residents of Diexi town suddenly heard a thunderbolt, then the ground shook violently, and there was a low roar underground, which was in harmony with the rumbling sound of the collapse of rocks and houses on the ground, The sky is dim and the ground is full of big cracks. But in a minute or two, the whole town is down. At night, the weather changed suddenly, the wind was strong and the rainstorm was torrential. Another big earthquake occurred in the evening, the underground rumble continued, and the hillside rocks rolled. Until the next morning, as many as five earthquakes occurred overnight. In the next few days, there were aftershocks almost every day, sometimes accompanied by several large earthquakes. The ground was tossed up and down, sand and stones were flying, and the sound of the earth was incessant. It became an unprecedented catastrophe. There is a sense that the area extends to Xi'an in the north, Zhaotong in the south, Wanxian in the East and ABA in the West. The whole city was spared except for a kid who was herding sheep, and more than 6800 people died. The strong earthquake caused landslides on both sides of Minjiang River, blocking the river course and forming seismic lake. The collapsed mountains built three dams on the Minjiang River, namely yinpingya dam, Daqiao dam and Diexi dam, which cut off the Minjiang River and cut off the flow of thousands of cubic meters per second. Cut off the river immediately backflow, swept the countryside farmhouses, cattle and livestock. After more than 30 days of backflow, because the height of Diexi dam exceeded that of Yinping dam and Daqiao dam, the river water flowing into Diexi dam flooded yinpingya dam and Daqiao dam, connecting the three earthquake lakes. The water of the lake twists and turns with the mountains, meandering for 40 to 50 Li, with the widest part reaching 45 Li.

Diexi Lake

Diexihaizi, a provincial scenic spot in Sichuan Province, is located in Maoxian County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, the largest Qiang inhabited area in China, and at the foot of Minshan Mountain in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. It is a unique scenic line along the world natural heritage Jiuzhaigou and Huanglong tourist routes.

brief introduction

Diexi Haizi lake, 2258 meters above sea level, was originally Diexi City, an important border defense town in ancient times. This paper briefly introduces tongsongpan dry land in Western Sichuan plain and the traffic fortresses in Qinghai and Gansu. It was heavily guarded in the past dynasties. According to the records of Maozhou annals, Canling county was set up in the sixth year of the Han Dynasty (111 BC), which was changeable in the later dynasties. During the period of the Republic of China, it belonged to Diexi district under the jurisdiction of Mao County.

At 15:50:30 on August 25, 1933, a 7.5 earthquake occurred in Diexi. The central part of Diexi city almost collapsed in a straight line within a few minutes of the occurrence of the great earthquake, showing a single ladder shape, with a sliding distance of 500-600 meters. Diexi city and 21 Qiang villages nearby were completely destroyed. The surrounding mountains collapsed, blocked the Minjiang River, and formed 11 barrier lakes. The number of casualties was nearly 10000. This is the famous "Diexi earthquake in China" in history. Diexihaizi was formed by the earthquake. The deepest part of the lake is 98 meters, with an average depth of 82 meters, water storage capacity of 150 million cubic meters, and lake surface area of more than 3.5 million square meters.

Looking at the 12 kilometer long Haizi, I don't know whether to be happy or sad. Diexi, a destroyed town. The day of disaster. An earthquake buried a city. Broke a river. But there is also a compensation left; soon; the survivors found this string of barrier lakes on the plateau. They are called "diexihaizi".

In the early morning, I climb the carved building towering over the lake and overlook the panoramic view. The ribbon water surface is covered with golden sunshine, which is intoxicating. I almost forget the disaster hidden in the tranquility and green. Fortunately, there is a strange stone forest, which is another landscape left on the bank slope after the earthquake, telling people the price of this beauty.

earthquake site

"The most complete, typical and largest preserved earthquake relic" -- the relic of the Diexi earthquake with M = 7.5 in 1933 in China.

What makes people surprised is the beauty of this relic. It is no exaggeration to say that it may be "the most beautiful earthquake relic in China".

The most important remains of the earthquake are two charming lakes, one big and one small, which are 10 kilometers long. Its name is diexihaizi now.

Diexihaizi is actually a section of the mainstream of Minjiang River, which is a barrier lake formed by the earthquake. The width of the lake is only about 1 km, but it is as long as 10 km. Haizi is formed from the upper and lower parts of the lake, like a intestine. Haizi is surrounded by green hills, green grass and rippling water. The scenery is beautiful and charming.

Haizi water outlet is very narrow, the current is turbulent, the spray splashes, like pearls flashing. Whenever visitors to the famous scenic spots Jiuzhaigou and Huanglong Temple pass by, they can't help but be attracted by the scenery of lakes and mountains and stop for sightseeing.

According to the local people, Haizi is 98 meters deep, with an average depth of 82 meters, a water storage capacity of 125 million cubic meters, and a lake area of more than 3.5 million square meters.

history

It is hard to believe that this beautiful lake has engulfed "nearly ten thousand living lives" without knowing the relevant history before.

Under this lake, there used to be a prosperous ancient city for thousands of years. On an ordinary afternoon in 1933, it was erased from the map by the earthquake in an instant.

The ancient city is Diexi city. It is an important border defense town in the past dynasties. It has been guarded by heavy troops for a long time. According to the records of Maozhou, Canling county was set up here in the sixth year of the Ding Dynasty (111 BC), Jizhou in the early Tang Dynasty, Diexi qianhusuo in the Ming Dynasty, Wei in the Qing Dynasty, and Mao County in the Republic of China. Diexi city was built during Zhenguan period. In the 11th year of Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty, Ding Yu, the imperial envoy, ordered Tong Shengfu to build it. One foot high, three hundred and dozens of feet around, four doors. It was rebuilt in Chenghua Diexi city is the center of Songmao road. It is not only an important military town, but also a distribution center for business. During the period of the Republic of China, it belonged to Diexi district under the jurisdiction of Mao County.

Cause of formation

The formation of this earthquake lake was at 15:50 on August 25, 1933, when a strong earthquake occurred in Diexi Town, north of Maowen. According to China earthquake catalogue, the micro epicenter was located at 31.9 ° N and 103.4 ° e, with a magnitude of 7.5 and a focal depth of 6.1 km. According to the local survivors, the drought lasted for more than 40 days before the earthquake. Before the earthquake, white ground light was produced, which is called "Tianmen Kaikai". The day before the earthquake, yaks screamed and the weather was muggy. When the earthquake happened, the residents of Diexi town suddenly heard a thunderbolt, then the ground shook violently, and there was a low roar underground, which was in harmony with the rumbling sound of the collapse of rocks and houses on the ground, The sky is dim and the ground is full of big cracks. But in a minute or two, the whole town is down. At night, the weather changed suddenly, the wind was strong and the rainstorm was torrential. Another big earthquake occurred in the evening, the underground rumble continued, and the hillside rocks rolled. Until the next morning, as many as five earthquakes occurred overnight. In the next few days, there were aftershocks almost every day, sometimes accompanied by several large earthquakes. The ground was tossed up and down, sand and stones were flying, and the sound of the earth was incessant. It became an unprecedented catastrophe. There is a sense that the area extends to Xi'an in the north, Zhaotong in the south, Wanxian in the East and ABA in the West. The whole city was spared except for a kid who was herding sheep, and more than 6800 people died.

The strong earthquake caused landslides on both sides of Minjiang River, blocking the river course and forming seismic lake. The collapsed mountains built three dams on the Minjiang River, namely yinpingya dam, Daqiao dam and Diexi dam, which cut off the Minjiang River and cut off the flow of thousands of cubic meters per second. Cut off the river immediately backflow, swept the countryside farmhouses, cattle and livestock. After more than 30 days of backflow, because the height of Diexi dam exceeded that of Yinping dam and Daqiao dam, the river water flowing into Diexi dam flooded yinpingya dam and Daqiao dam, connecting the three earthquake lakes. The water of the lake twists and turns with the mountains, meandering for 40 to 50 Li, with the widest part reaching 45 Li.

The 45th day after the earthquake, October 9. The upper reaches of Minjiang River are rainy, the earthquake lake of bailazhai public shed collapses, and the river water increases sharply. In the evening, the Dixi dam, which is more than 160 meters high, collapses. The accumulated water comes out of the lake, carrying silt and boulders, and goes down along the river. The waves in the river are as high as 20 feet. The roar is heard 10 miles away. Villages and towns along the river were swept away, and tens of thousands of acres of farmland and crops were destroyed. More than 2500 people lost their lives, resulting in a rare secondary flood in the history of earthquakes in China.

Haizi, big and small, formed after the earthquake, were gradually collapsing. Only Gongpeng and bailaizhai, big and small Haizi, have been preserved to this day. People call them "big and small Haizi".

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the party and the state carried out exploration and management on Dahaizi and Xiaohaizi for many times, and established a giant panda nature reserve near it to dredge and reinforce the lake dam. Today's "big and small Haizi" has become a pearl inlaid in the Sichuan Tibet Plateau. It constantly attracts people to visit and sightseeing, but also a steady stream for the Qiang people

Chinese PinYin : Die Xi Hai Zi