Rhyme building

Raoping mountain area in Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province is famous for its numerous earth buildings. Among the more than 600 earth buildings in Raoping County, Daoyun building in Sanrao is the most famous. The octagonal shape of Daoyun building imitates the shape of the eight trigrams. Each trigram in the building is 39 meters long, with 9 rooms in each building. The two trigrams are separated by laneways, and there are 72 eight trigrams in total. The building is also designed as three entrances, one or two entrances are bungalows, and the third entrances are connected with three and a half storey building with a height of 11.5 meters. The bottom wall is 1.6 meters thick. It is rammed with loess. The wall base is only padded with two layers of green bricks. Bamboo nails are used to reinforce the wall. Although it has been subjected to many earthquakes, it is as good as ever. In addition to the wells used by each household, two public wells are not specially dug around Yangcheng to symbolize the fish eyes of yin and yang fish in Taiji Liangyi. This building is also different from ordinary earth buildings. It imitates the principle of Zhuge Bagua formation that people enter from the living gate and leave from the rest gate. A rest gate is specially opened on one side of the gate to let the people leave the village from this gate. Daoyunlou, located in Nanlian village, Sanrao Town, Raoping County, is the largest octagonal earth building ever found in China. The octagonal earth building was built in 1587, the 15th year of Wanli period in Ming Dynasty. Its inscribed circle diameter is 101.2 meters, perimeter is 328 meters, and total area is 15000 square meters. Compared with the largest octagonal earth building in Fujian Province, it is 86.6 meters wide from north to South and 90.6 meters from east to west. It has 64 independent units The inscribed diameter of zaitou in shangguanpi village of an County (built in Qianlong period) is more than ten meters (for the above information, please refer to Kentaro Okada's Hakka Round Tower and Huang Hanmin's Fujian Tulou). At present, Daoyun building is converging with some famous earth buildings in Fujian Province to participate in the "World Cultural Heritage List" evaluation in Fujian.

Rhyme building

Daoyun building, commonly known as building, is located in Nanlian village, Sanrao Town, northern mountain area of Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province,

It was built in 1477 and completed in 1587, covering an area of about 10000 square meters.

Daoyun building is famous for its "antiquity, greatness, strangeness and beauty". The whole building is in the shape of eight trigrams, separated by alleys. There are 72 rooms, 32 wells and 112 ladders in the building. There are two wells in the square inside the building, symbolizing the yin yang fish eyes in Taiji. It faces north, 328 meters in circumference, 11.5 meters in height and 1.6 meters in thickness. There are carved beams and painted buildings, upside down lotus, murals and sculptures inside Daoyun building. It is a tourist attraction of history, culture and folk custom.

On May 25, 2006, as an ancient building of Ming Dynasty, Daoyun building was approved by the State Council as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

Daoyun building was built in 1477, the 13th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty. It was built by the brothers bingligong and bingzhigong, the fifth ancestor of Huang family. In order to protect the family's life and property, as well as to unite the clan strength, the Huang family began to build a county in Raoping, and the imperial court ordered the garrison to build a city. The famous families in Raoping County formed the atmosphere of building round houses in tuzhai. Besides completing the task of building the city, Huang also organized the clan forces to spend financial, material and human resources to build Daoyun building. Through the efforts of four generations, it took more than 100 years to complete the Daoyun building in 1587.

In 1647, Huang Jin, the former Minister of rites in Nanjing of the Ming Dynasty, came to visit and wrote "daoyunlou" on the door of the building. On both sides of the couplet is "morality is the root, and there is no one in the world who can recite Zude, rhyme, literature, industry, reality and prosperity, and Zhaojue Sunmou". The original couplets were smashed in the cultural revolution and are now re engraved on both sides according to the original rubbings.

Architectural features

The layout of Daoyun building is based on eight trigrams: the building is Taiji, the two public wells on the left and right of the building symbolize "Liangyi" (commonly known as "Yinyang fish"), the enclosed house on eight sides is like a painting, and the open ditch inside the building and the building implies the combination of yin and Yang. Most of the other structures take "eight" as multiple, such as 16 skylights, 32 wells, 72 rooms, 112 ladders, etc. Although the houses are facing each other but the doors are not opposite, the octagonal angles of the building point to the mountain, and the gap is not the peak. The Yin Yang ditch has remained unobstructed for hundreds of years.

The concept of ritual system has been deeply rooted in China for more than 2000 years, and daoyunlou is also deeply influenced by this concept. Because Daoyun building is located in the middle of the mountain where Chaoshan people and Hakka people are mixed up, its architectural features also have some similarities and differences. For example, the area of the buildings is basically the same, but the main ancestral hall is still on the central axis, and the ground is low in front and high in back, which strengthens the difference between superiority and Inferiority: the multi entry form of one family and one ladder is closer to the multi entry Chaoshan land in the plain It is obviously different from the whole building of Hakka Tulou, which shares several stairs. It emphasizes the privacy and independence of each family.

Daoyun building has the following beauty: first, it has the beauty of being large and regular; second, it has the beauty of symmetrical structure; third, it has the beauty of corridor planning around the building; and third, it has the beauty of carved beams and painted buildings: murals, clay sculptures and pebble patterns. In the whole building, sanhuanwei building, bungalow, patio, hall and hall are unified and orderly, with ventilation, lighting, water collection and planting flowers and grasses.

Daoyun building has many functions, such as fire prevention, theft prevention, animal damage prevention, earthquake prevention, cold protection and so on. According to the position of eight diagrams, Daoyun building opens the muzzle of blunderbuss in the walls of the second and third floors. The caliber is large outside and small inside, and the shooting angle is large outside. From the outside to the inside, there is only a small hole. So bandits and Japanese pirates are hard to get close to. In case of approaching the gate, the iron wrapped door should be closed tightly, and the fire should be used to burn the door. A large water tank should be laid on the top of the door to put out the fire. In the age of cold weapons, all the thieves fled by pushing stones and shooting arrows from the windows of the third floor.

Cultural relics

overview

The perimeter of Daoyun building is 328 meters (excluding surrounding enclosed houses), and the diameter of its inscribed circle is 101.1 meters, The bottom wall is 1.6 meters thick (the wall base has two layers of green bricks, and the external wall body is composed of rammed earth wall and earth brick. The rammed earth wall is made of yellow mud, lime, sand and stone, bamboo roots or broken wood). It is 11.5 meters high and covers an area of about 10000 square meters. If the enclosed house is added, it is about 15000 square meters. There are 72 houses in the building (56 main rooms and 16 corner rooms). Each interval is three into two patios with a depth of 29 meters. The front and middle houses are bungalows, while the back houses are three story buildings. The center is a pebble paved earth square, about 1000 square meters.

 

There are carved beams and painted buildings, upside down lotus, murals and sculptures in Daoyun building. There are "antique exhibition room", "mural Hall of Ming Dynasty wall couplet", "Hall of famous calligraphers and painters", "exhibition hall of goose playing skills", "exhibition hall of Chaozhou Opera artist Huang youse" and "ancient banyan of more than 400 years".

 

Interior architecture

On the third floor of Daoyun building, there is a corridor in the front of the building. The front is a wooden fence screen, and the back is a movable wood carving partition fan (i.e. wooden wall). All of them are painted or painted. The barrel is fixed with bamboo nails instead of iron nails. The roof of the building is of one color, and the appearance is neat, elegant and generous.

 

Drinking water system

There are 32 wells in Daoyun building, of which two are for public use and the other 30 are in each hospital.

 

drainage system

The drainage system in Daoyun building is quite scientific. Both the open road and the secret road lead to the drainage ditches on both sides of the gate corridor. Through culvert and waterway, they are discharged into the reservoir in front of the building. The pond plants lotus, raises duck, feeds fish. The drinking water system, drainage system and waste water utilization of Daoyun building conform to the living environment.

 

History and culture

The origin of the name

During the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty (1465-1487), the ancestors of the residents of daoyunlou asked the explorers to choose the right place to build the building. The explorers first came here to investigate. They first realized that the location of the building was good. Out of careful consideration, they turned dozens of miles and looked at several places. They still felt that it was not as good as this place, and then came back. Chaozhou Dialect called it "bad luck". Later, when it was named, it was called "Daoyun building" with the homonym of "bad luck".

 

cultural exchange

Daoyun building has attracted many overseas experts, scholars and tourists. Princess Sirindhorn of Thailand has also come to visit the building, leaving a Chinese ink treasure.

 

protective measures

On May 25, 2006, as an ancient building of Ming Dynasty, Daoyun building was approved by the State Council as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

 

In March 2010, affected by the Taiwan earthquake, the external wall on the west side of Daoyun building collapsed, and Chaozhou cultural relics and Tourism Bureau allocated 30000 yuan for maintenance.

In November 2010, Chaozhou Municipal Bureau of cultural relics and tourism began to work out the rescue and reinforcement plan for Daoyun building. According to the modification opinions of Guangdong Provincial Bureau of cultural relics, the plan was revised and submitted to the State Bureau of cultural relics.

In August 2012, the plan was not approved by the State Administration of cultural relics because of the repair content in the emergency reinforcement plan; in October, the Chaozhou Municipal Bureau of cultural relics and tourism redesigned the overall repair plan of Daoyun building, with a maintenance project budget of 15 million yuan.

 

Tourism information

geographical position

Daoyunlou is located in Nanlian village, Sanrao Town, northern mountain area of Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province.

 

Traffic information

Chinese PinYin : Dao Yun Lou