Jujube garden revolution site

Fenghuangshan revolutionary site is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It is located at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Yan'an City. The seat of the CPC Central Committee from January 13, 1937 to November 20, 1938. During this period, the CPC Central Committee was in the period of strategic transformation from the Agrarian Revolutionary War to the war of resistance against Japan, and passed the stage of strategic defense of the war of resistance against Japan. In order to meet the Anti Japanese War and carry out the line of comprehensive anti Japanese War, the CPC Central Committee held many important meetings, such as the Luochuan meeting and the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, which promoted the rapid development of various work.

Transportation: the starting price of taxi in Yan'an City is 5 yuan. There are 10 bus lines in Yan'an City, which can reach all areas in the city. At the same time, there are 12 suburban bus lines in Yan'an, which mainly go to the villages and towns in the suburb of Yan'an. There is a bus from the bus station on the south side of Xi'an railway station square to Huangdi mausoleum. It takes about 4 hours and the ticket is 20 yuan. Xihuang expressway, 2 hours drive.

essential information

brief introduction

The former site of Zaoyuan revolution is the seat of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee. It is located 8 kilometers northwest of Yan'an City. It used to be a landlord's manor. After the CPC Central Committee settled in Yan'an, it was the residence of the Social Department of the CPC Central Committee, so it was renamed "Yanyuan". On both sides of the stone pillars of the gate of the former site are the words "Yanyuan" written by Kang Sheng. From 1944 to March 1947, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee was moved here by Yang Jialing. During his residence here, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee continued to lead the whole party to carry out the rectification movement and the mass production movement carried out by the army and the people in the liberated areas, prepared for the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, led the army and the people throughout the country to win the final victory of the Anti Japanese War, and led the people throughout the country to fight tit for tat with the Kuomintang diehards for democratic unity and peaceful nation building The reactionaries of the Democratic Party have made full preparations for an all-round civil war.

In Zaoyuan, there are also former residences of Comrade Mao Zedong, Comrade Zhu De, Comrade Zhou Enlai, Comrade Liu Shaoqi and Comrade Ren Bishi, all of which are of great historical significance. In addition, jujube garden is a garden like revolutionary memorial site, with beautiful scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter, quiet environment, growing a wide variety of flowers and trees, and various buildings are dotted with beautiful scenery. In 1996, the ceremony of collecting the "fire of revolution" in the torch relay of the Fifth National University Games was solemnly held in Zaoyuan, which is one of the important bases of China's revolutionary traditional education.

Historical contribution

During his residence, Mao Zedong wrote several questions about leadership methods, launching the movement of rent reduction, production and supporting the government and loving the people in the base areas, commenting on the 11th plenary session of the Kuomintang Central Committee and the third National Political Consultative Conference of the third session, organizing, completing the study of economic work in two or three years, learning and the current situation, commenting on Chiang Kai Shek's speech on the 10th double festival, and writing Among the many important articles guiding the Chinese revolution, such as the United Front in the modernization work, on the United Government, the current situation and our policy after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the last war against the Japanese crown, the negotiations on Chongqing, and the establishment of a consolidated northeast base, there are only 28 included in the selected works of Mao Zedong.

Major events

During the period when the central government lived here, many major events took place. In November 1944, Mao Zedong met here with the personal representative of American President Roosevelt, and the later US ambassador to China, Hurley. He held two days and two nights of talks and signed five suggestions on the establishment of a coalition government. In December, he met with Bao Ruide in his residence and strongly refuted the Kuomintang's three suggestions. In August of the next year, he left for Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai Shek. In 1943, during the military and civilian mass production movement in the liberated area, the military and civilian spinning competition was held in Zaoyuan. Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi were both rated as "spinning experts".

In August 1945, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai went to Chongqing for negotiations. Liu Shaoqi acted as the chairman of the CPC Central Committee and presided over the work of the Central Committee. On September 15, Liu Shaoqi convened a meeting of Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Ren Bishi, Chen Yun, Ye Jianying and other leading comrades to discuss the Northeast issue. He decided to set up the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee with Peng Zhen as secretary. He sent Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, Gao Gang, Zhang Wentian, members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and more than a quarter of the formal and alternate members of the Central Committee to lead 20000 cadres and 100000 troops into the northeast. On September 19, Liu Shaoqi and Zhu Dejing consulted Chairman Mao Zedong and drafted the party's instructions on the strategic policy of developing to the north and defending to the south, which strongly supported Chongqing's negotiation struggle and played an important role in shortening the front, concentrating troops, and developing and consolidating the northeast base.

In February 1947, introduced by Ye Jianying, Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei married here. On September 8, 1944, at the foot of the Xishan Mountain in Hougou, Zaoyuan, Mao Zedong attended the memorial meeting of martyr Zhang sider and wrote an elegy: "pay homage to Comrade Zhang sider who died for the interests of the people!" And delivered an important speech of "serving the people". After the withdrawal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from Yan'an in 1947, the Kuomintang troops destroyed Yan'an and the jujube garden was seriously damaged. After 1953, the people's government began to carry out maintenance according to the original appearance.

Introduction to scenic spots

Jujube garden, also known as Yanyuan, has lush trees and lush grass, and "happiness canal" runs across the garden. In the center of the garden is the auditorium of the Secretariat of the Central Committee, and five independent courtyards are distributed along the mountain, which are the former residences of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi, Zhang Wentian, Peng Dehuai and other central leaders. At the foot of Hougou west mountain is the speech platform where Mao Zedong delivered "serving the people" and the former site of the central social department. Three kilometers to the West are the former site of the Third Bureau of the Central Military Commission, the exhibition hall and the martyrs' cemetery of the Third Bureau of the Central Military Commission. In 1953, the old site of Zaoyuan revolution began to be restored and officially opened to the outside world in 1959. On March 4, 1961, the State Council announced that it was the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1996, it was named one of the 100 patriotic education demonstration bases in China by the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee. The site is now open to the public free of charge.

Suzhou style auditorium

There is a small Soviet style auditorium in Zaoyuan, which is relatively open and green. In addition to meetings, it is also the dining room of the Secretary of the Central Committee. In addition, it also holds dances and plays movies. Mao Zedong's decision to accept Chiang Kai Shek's invitation to Chongqing for negotiations in 1945 was made at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau held here.

Confidential room

Opposite the small auditorium is a similar looking but smaller house. It is a confidential room, where many important telegrams are sent and received. In addition, it also has the management function of spies. Some rooms are displayed in the original state, and some rooms are opened up as exhibition rooms, displaying the development process of our Party's confidential work with photos and objects.

Residential area

Before entering the leader's residential area, you can see the bronze statues of the five secretaries of the Central Committee (Ren Bishi, Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De) strutting together. The sculptures are vivid. The weather is fine that day, and the five people are all radiant and energetic. It shows the joy of the upcoming establishment of new China.

Happy canal

Xingfu canal is located on the right side of the jujube garden yard near the hillside, passing through the middle of the yard. The 6 km long canal was built in April 1940 and can irrigate more than 80 hectares of land. The canal turned the dry land of zaoyuanchuan into irrigated land, and the crops were bumper year after year, so the people named it "happy canal".

cave dwelling

The caves where the leaders lived were similar to the other two revolutionary sites, but the cave buildings here were better, probably because they were built by the landlords. The caves here are quite complete. That is to say, the five secretaries and several other leaders of the Central Committee have all lived in caves, which display precious photos of themselves or their spouses. The caves in the jujube garden are roughly divided into three layers, scattered throughout the garden. The old site of jujube garden was also renovated, but a section of broken brick road in Yan'an period was left for people to pay attention to. Those great people were on such a road to win thousands of miles.

Podium

Another famous scenic spot in Zaoyuan is the platform where Chairman Mao delivered his speech "serving the people". This speech was made in memory of martyr Zhang sider. He and his comrades in arms dug a charcoal kiln together in a heavy rain. When the kiln was washed down by the rain, he pushed his comrades out and sacrificed himself. Chairman Mao wrote a eulogy of "pay homage to Comrade Zhang sider who died for the interests of the people" and delivered a speech of "serving the people". The five characters inscribed by Chairman Mao can be seen on the screen wall of the South Gate of Zhongnanhai, where the central government is located.

Tourism information

Ticket Price

Admission: 0 yuan, free of charge.

Traffic tips

Take bus No.3 in the city

Adjacent scenic spots

Hukou waterfall on the Yellow River -- the former site of Yangjialing Revolution -- the former site of Wuqi Revolution -- the government auditorium of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia Border Region -- martyr Liu Zhidan cemetery

Jiulongquan -- site of Nanniwan Revolution -- Laoshan Forest Park -- wanhuashan -- site of Wangjiawan revolution

Luochuan Loess National Geopark -- Huangdi mausoleum -- Qingliang Mountain -- Luochuan guzui loess resort -- Memorial Hall of South Yan'an cooperative -- April 8th martyrs cemetery -- Duke Temple

Chinese PinYin : Zao Yuan Ge Ming Jiu Zhi