Shangcheng site

The Shangcheng site in Zhengzhou was discovered in the autumn of 1950. After investigation and excavation, it covers a total area of 25 square kilometers, starting from fenghuangtai in the East, xishakou in the west, Huayuan road in the north and Erligang in the south. Zhengzhou commercial city is the capital site of the early and middle Shang Dynasty. The city wall was built in the middle of the Shang Dynasty. There are a large area of Shang Dynasty cultural layers, house foundations, wells and other relics in the commercial city. In the high area of nearly 400000 square meters in the northeast of the city, large and medium-sized rammed earth platform building remains were found, which should be the palace area where the great nobles lived in the Shang Dynasty. Around the mall, there are four workshops, two bronze hoards and more than 100 small and medium-sized tombs. Among the unearthed relics, pottery is the most, followed by bronze, stone and bone wares, as well as clam ware, jade ware, primitive porcelain, printed hard pottery, white pottery and ivory ware. A square tripod, 100 cm high and weighing 86.4 kg, unearthed from the duling bronze ware hoard, has become a symbol of Zhengzhou city.

Yin ruins

synonym

Shang city site (Anyang Shang city site) generally refers to Yin Ruins (capital site of late Shang Dynasty in China)

Yin Ruins, formerly known as "northern Mongolia"

It is located in Anyang City, Henan Province. In the 14th year of Pan Geng, the 19th monarch of Shang Dynasty pan Geng moved his capital to northern Mongolia (now Anyang, Henan Province), and changed the name of "northern Mongolia" to "Yin"

. In the 15th year of Pangeng's reign, Yin capital was built.

From Pan Geng's moving to Yin Dynasty to the death of emperor Xin in 1046 BC, it experienced the rule of 12 kings of eight generations in 273 years, including pan Geng, Xiao Xin, Xiao Yi, Wu Ding, Zu Geng, Zu Jia, GUI Xin, Kang Ding, Wu Yi, Wen Ding, di Yi and di Xin

Yin has always been the political, economic, cultural and military center of the late Shang Dynasty.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Yin Ruins were famous for the excavation of inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells. In 1928, Yin Ruins officially began archaeological excavation, unearthed a large number of capital building sites and rich cultural relics represented by inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells and bronzes, which systematically demonstrated the brilliant bronze civilization in the late Shang Dynasty and established the scientific status of Yin Shang society as a history. It was rated as the first of "100 major archaeological discoveries" in China in the 20th century.

About 150000 pieces of oracle bones with Chinese characters were unearthed in Yin Ruins. The materials recorded in the oracle bone inscriptions brought the credible history of Chinese written records to the Shang Dynasty, and also produced a new discipline, oracle bone science.

The Yin Ruins is the first capital city in China to have documents and confirmed by Archaeology and oracle bone inscriptions. It is composed of the Yin Ruins mausoleum site, the Yin Ruins palace and temple site, the Huanbei mall site and Oracle Bone pits.

In March 1961, the State Council listed Yin Ruins as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In July 2006, Yin Ruins were listed on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list.

Now it is a national AAAAA tourist attraction.

On October 13, 2018, the 90th anniversary of the scientific excavation of Yin Ruins and the Yin Ruins development and Archaeology forum were held.

On October 11, 2018, he was selected into the list of "national primary and secondary students' research and practice education base".

On March 20, 2020, Anyang Yinxu scenic area will resume opening to the outside world.

World Cultural Heritage

Name of heritage: Yin Xu

Selected time: 2006

Selection criteria: Cultural Heritage (II) (III) (IV) (VI)

Location: N36 07 17 E114 19 01 (Palace and royal temple area)

N36 08 07 E114 18 17 (royal burial area)

Estate number: 1114

Heritage Description:

Yin Ruins, located in Yindu District, Anyang City, Henan Province, is the capital of the late Shang Dynasty in China. It is also the first capital site in Chinese history that can be verified by Archaeology and oracle bone inscriptions. The sites mainly include the Royal Mausoleum of Yin Ruins, the palace and ancestral temple of Yin Ruins, and the Shangcheng site of Huanbei. They are roughly divided into palace area, royal mausoleum area, general tomb area, handicraft workshop area, civilian residential area and slave residential area. In 2006, it was listed in the world heritage list as a cultural heritage.

From the discovery of oracle bones in the early 20th century to the formal start of archaeological excavation in 1928, the discovery and excavation of Yin Ruins was rated as the first of "100 major archaeological discoveries" in China in the 20th century. The excavation of the Yin Ruins confirmed the existence of the Shang Dynasty in China, reconstructed the framework of the early history of ancient China, and made the history of the Shang dynasty recorded in the traditional literature a faithful history.

Yin Ruins were called "BEIMENG" in ancient times, and oracle bone inscriptions were also called "Shangyi" and "Dayi Shang". From Pan Geng moved to Yin in 1300 BC to Emperor Xin's death in 1046 BC, it has been ruled by 12 kings of eight generations in 273 years, including pan Geng, Xiao Xin, Xiao Yi, Wu Ding, Zu Geng, Zu Jia, GUI Xin, Kang Ding, Wu Yi, Wen Ding, di Yi and di Xin. According to the Bamboo Annals, "since Pan Geng moved to Yin, to the end of Zhou, he did not move to capital in 273." It has always been the political, economic, cultural and military center of the late Shang Dynasty. The ancient Huan River flows slowly through the city, and the layout of the city is rigorous and reasonable. From the scale, area, Grand Palace of Yin Ruins, and the quality, beauty, wonder and quantity of unearthed cultural relics, it can be fully proved that it was not only the whole country, but also the political, economic and cultural center of the east at that time. After the fall of Shang Dynasty, the place was gradually reduced to ruins.

The site of the Royal Mausoleum of the Yin Ruins, the site of the palace and the temple of the Yin Ruins, the site of the Huanbei shopping mall and so on together constitute a large-scale and magnificent Yin Ruins site.

The palace area of Yin Ruins is well-known at home and abroad, and is one of the most famous "classical city states" in the ancient civilization countries of the world. More than 50 architectural sites are divided into three groups: Palace, temple and altar (a, B and C). In addition, copper casting sites were also found. A large number of precious cultural relics such as oracle bone inscriptions, bronzes, jades and gems were unearthed in the palace area. Some of the Yin Ruins are the best in China, and some are the best in the world. They contain the creativity, wisdom and excellent skills of the ancestors of the Yin Dynasty. According to archaeologists, Yin Ruins "excavated a typical slave society". It has "three elements of city, characters and bronzes". It is a splendid Chinese civilization.

Description of the World Heritage Committee:

The archaeological site of Yin Ruins is close to Anyang City, about 500 kilometers south of Beijing. It is the ancient capital of the late Shang Dynasty (1300-1046 BC). It represents the golden age of Chinese early culture, technology and science, and is the most prosperous period of Chinese bronze age. A large number of royal tombs, palaces and prototypes of late Chinese architecture have been unearthed from Yin Ruins. The palace and ancestral temple area (1000m × 650m) in the site has 80 house foundations, and the only well preserved Tomb of the royal family of the Shang Dynasty "Fuhao tomb". A large number of exquisite funerary objects unearthed from Yin Ruins prove the advanced level of handicraft industry in Shang Dynasty. Now they are one of the national treasures of China. A large number of Oracle Bone pits were found in Yin Ruins. The inscriptions on oracle bones are of inestimable value in proving the development of ancient Chinese belief, social system and Chinese characters, one of the oldest writing systems in the world.

geographical position

Yin Ruins is located around Xiaotun village, Yindu District, Anyang City, Henan Province. Its geographical coordinates are 114 ° 18 ′ 50 ″ e, 36 ° 07 ′ 36 ″ n. its altitude is about 80m, its length and width are about 6km, and its total area is about 36km2. The core area of the heritage protection area is 414 hectares, and the buffer area is 720 hectares.

The overall layout of the Yin Ruins is neat, with the palace and temple site of the Yin Ruins in Xiaotun village as the center, and it is distributed in a ring shape along both sides of the Huan River. The existing relics mainly include the palace and ancestral temple site, the Royal Mausoleum site, the Huanbei shopping mall, Hougang site, the settlement site (clan town), the family cemetery group, the oracle bone cellar cave, the copper casting site, the handicraft workshop and so on.

Cultural relics, palaces and temples

Located in Xiaotun village and huayuanzhuang on the South Bank of Huan River in Anyang City, Henan Province, the palace ancestral temple site is 1000 meters long from north to South and 650 meters wide from east to west, with a total area of 71.5 hectares. It is the place where the king of Shang handled government affairs and lived. It is also the most important site and component of Yin Ruins, including more than 80 building sites such as palaces and ancestral temples. In the West and south sides of the palace temple site, there is a defense ditch dug by hand, which encircles the palace temple and plays a similar role as a palace city.

There is also the tomb of Fuhao, the spouse of King Wuding of Shang Dynasty, in the palace and temple area. It is the only well preserved Tomb of the royal family of Shang Dynasty found so far. It is also the only Tomb of the royal family of Shang Dynasty that can be connected with Oracle Bone Inscriptions and determine the age, the owner and the identity of the tomb. There were 16 martyrs in the tomb, and 1928 artifacts were unearthed, including 468 bronzes, 755 jades, 564 bone artifacts and nearly 7000 seashells.

There are also a large number of Oracle Bone pits in the palace and temple area of Yin Ruins, and about 15000 pieces of oracle bone were unearthed.

Mausoleum site

Located in the northern highland of houjiazhuang and wuguancun on the North Bank of Huan River in Anyang City, Henan Province, the site is about 450 meters long from east to west and 250 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of about 11.3 hectares. Since 1934, 13 large tombs, more than 2000 funerary tombs, sacrificial pits and chariot pits have been found here, and a large number of exquisite bronzes, jades, stone tools and pottery have been unearthed. It is recognized as the location of the Royal Mausoleum of yin and Shang Dynasties in the academic circles. among

Chinese PinYin : Shang Cheng Yi Zhi