Qin Hui's tomb

Qin Hui was born in the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090) and died in the 25th year of Shaoxing (1155) of Gaozong. In 1115, the fifth year of Zhenghe of Huizong of Song Dynasty, he became the first professor of bumizhou (today's Shandong Zhucheng) and was once the imperial scholar. In the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, he served as the censor Zhongcheng and was captured by the Jin people together with Huizong and qinzong of the Song Dynasty. After returning to the south, he served as Minister of the Ministry of rites, two prime ministers, and was in power for 19 years. The founder of Song typeface, note: Song typeface was originally Qin typeface, but it was changed to Song typeface because of its political persecution of patriotic hero Yue Fei. Qin Hui came from a family of small and medium-sized landlords. His father served as the magistrate of Jingjiang ancient county (now Yongfu County in Guangxi), which was only a minor official in the ruling class of the Song Dynasty. Qin Hui lived in such an environment, it is impossible to make rapid progress, so he worked as a rural teacher. He was not satisfied with his career, and even complained, saying that "if you get 300 mu of paddy field, you won't be the monkey king this time.". He doesn't have high requirements. As long as he has hundreds of acres of good land, he will no longer be a "child teacher" or "child king", and he will no longer rely on self-sufficiency. But since he won the imperial examination, he has soared.

Qin Hui's tomb

Not far from Niushou mountain, near the Yangtze River, there is a "dirty tomb" without inscription. This is the tomb of Qin Hui, the infamous traitor in the early Southern Song Dynasty. Qin Hui lived in Jiankang for a long time, and was named "king of Jiankang" by Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty. After his death, he was buried in the Mu Niu Pavilion in the southwest suburb of Nanjing and Mulong town. At that time, there was "a monument standing, not engraved with a word" on the tomb, which is said to be because no one wrote the inscription for him. In 1485, the tomb of Qin Hui was stolen, and the robbers "got tens of thousands of gold and silver utensils". After they were arrested, the local officials intended to "reduce their crimes, and they also hated Hui.".

Doubts about tombs

The main Tomb of Qin Hui has not yet been revealed. The legend of Qin Hui's tomb leaving the sun has appeared many times in history, all of which were broken after excavation. The date of the tomb can be determined by the date of the 25th year of Shaoxing in the great song dynasty (1155 AD). Most of the sites suspected to be unearthed from Qin Hui's tomb are determined by this point, because this year is the year of Qin Hui's death.

In addition, the location of the tomb also has a special decisive significance on whether Qin Hui was buried or not, which is closely related to the place where Qin Hui was buried. Qin Hui, a traitor in the Southern Song Dynasty, was despised by the world for killing Zhongliang. Although there is no clear explanation of where he was buried after his death, it was recorded in JINGDING Jiankang annals of the Song Dynasty: "the tomb of Qin Hui, the grand master, is in Niushou mountain, 18 Li away from the city"; the new Annals of Zhida Jinling and some local annals of the Yuan Dynasty all follow his theory. Yue Ke, a Song Dynasty man, wrote in the book history of Cheng Mu long Ting: "the Mu long ting in Jinling, where are the hills and ridges of the Qin family." These historical materials do not accurately point out the specific location of Qin Hui's tomb, but the general location has been delineated, that is, the area around Mulong Town, Jiangning District, Nanjing.

In 1986, archaeologists of Nanjing Museum discovered Qin Hui's family tomb in Mulong Town, Jiangning District, and unearthed many cultural relics including coins and porcelain. The words "Qin Dai Zhi Wei" were found on one of the song porcelain bowls. Because Qin Hui's great grandson was once named "Dai Zhi", this tomb was identified as the tomb of Qin Hui's lineal descendants, Qin Hui's family tomb. According to ancient Chinese practice, the tombs of future generations are generally within 100 meters of the ancestral cemetery, so experts speculate that Qin Hui's own tomb is within this radius. This tomb is confirmed as the great grandson of Qin Hui.

Since January 30, 2004, Nanjing Museum, together with relevant archaeologists from Jiangning District, has excavated a large brick and stone tomb of Song Dynasty at a construction site along the river near Mulong town in Jiangning District. According to experts' speculation, all kinds of signs show that the owner of the tomb is probably Qin Hui, a traitor of Song Dynasty. The top of the tomb is 8 meters long and 4 meters wide, covering an area of about 40 square meters. From the exposed part of the tomb, the tomb is covered with a layer of lime, and the whole body is made of well burnt and hard thick green bricks. Professor he yunao, director of the Institute of culture and nature, Nanjing University, said that from the length of the tomb, bricks and other signs, it can be concluded that this is the highest standard of tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty that have been found in Jiangsu Province at that time, and the owner of the tomb must be a famous person during the Southern Song Dynasty. Each brick of the tomb bears an inscription of the year of the Southern Song Dynasty - "the 25th year of Shaoxing in the great Song Dynasty" (1155 A.D.). The back room of the tomb is about 2.6 meters deep, which makes it difficult to clean up. On February 7, after opening the coffin, archaeologists found hairpins, combs, silk and other objects one after another. The dead were apparently female. Obviously, this tomb is not Qin Hui's tomb.

In December 2006, the excavation of Qin Hui's family tomb in Qingxiu village, Jiangning District, Nanjing attracted the attention of the national and even the world media. On January 2, 2007, some words on the epitaph of tomb m3 of the Song Dynasty in Jiangning were interpreted by experts of the city museum, which is "Cao's wife of the state of Yan, the former Song Dynasty". Here, the owner of the tomb has ruled out the possibility of Qin Hui, and another legendary tomb of Qin Hui has been denied. The final identity of the song tomb in Jiangning: the Nanjing Municipal Bureau of cultural relics held a press conference on February 9, announcing the identities of the owners of the Qin Hui family tomb: Cao, Qin and Zheng.

So far, Qin Huizhi's real tomb is still missing.

Offspring

According to xujinling Trivia (Volume I), when Zhu Jianshen, emperor of Xianzong of Ming Dynasty, was an emperor, Jiangning people robbed Qin Hui's tomb. After they were arrested, they were not severely punished and were given a lighter punishment: "Qin Hui's tomb is in Jiangning Town, and it's a long time ago. In August, Chenghua Yisi was stolen, and a large number of shellfish were seized. The thief was held, and the judge finally reduced his crime, so did the evil Sabina. There is Cai Xipu, who is known as ang, who has experienced Dali affairs and read prison slips personally, so as to read them quickly. "

The descendants of Qin Hui, who lived on the side of Qin Hui's tomb, were ashamed of Qin's surname and changed their surname to Xu. Because of the word "Qin", the head was three people, while the word "Xu" had "two people" beside it, and one person was on it, which was also three people. The strokes were the same. Qin Hui's mansion used to be in Qin Zhuangyuan Jing, near the Confucius Temple in the south of the city (because Qin Hui's father and son had passed the examination), but because Qin Hui's character was so ugly, local people were ashamed to mention his surname and changed it to "Zhuangyuan Jing".

character

Qin Hui came from a family of small and medium-sized landlords. His father served as the magistrate of Jingjiang ancient county (now Yongfu County in Guangxi), which was only a minor official in the ruling class of the Song Dynasty. Qin Hui lived in such an environment, it is impossible to make rapid progress, so he worked as a rural teacher. He was not satisfied with his career, and even complained, saying that "if you get 300 mu of paddy field, you won't be the monkey king this time.". He doesn't have high requirements. As long as he has hundreds of acres of good land, he will no longer be a "child teacher" or "child king", and he will no longer rely on self-sufficiency. But since he won the imperial examination, he has soared.

In the first year of Jingkang (1126), the Jin soldiers attacked Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and asked song Huizong to cede three towns: Taiyuan, Zhongshan (now Dingxian, Hebei Province) and Hejian. At this time, as a member of the staff side, Qin Hui put forward four important opinions. First, the Jin people were insatiable, and they had to give Yanshan all the way to cut the land. Second, the Jin people were cunning, and they had to strengthen their guard. Third, they called all the officials to discuss in detail, and chose the right opinions to write in the alliance. Fourth, they placed the representatives of the Jin Dynasty outside, and did not let them enter the palace. At that time, they had to cut the land to eliminate the army. The Northern Song Dynasty sent Qin Hui and Cheng Li to negotiate with the Jin people as the representatives of land cutting. Qin Hui was able to insist on the above opinions in the negotiation, so he was promoted to the imperial censor and Zuo Sijian. Later, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty "determined to get the land, otherwise, they would go to Bianjing". In the discussion of the officials in the central court, 70 people, such as fan Zongyin, agreed to dissect the land, while 36 people, such as Qin Hui, thought it was impossible.

After Song Huizong and song qinzong were captured, Nuzhen nobles asked Song Dynasty's bequeath officials to put Zhang bangchang as a puppet. Qin Hui opposed Zhang bangchang. He thought that Zhang bangchang used to associate with powerful people and did things harmful to national interests. In the Song Dynasty, the country was in danger and the people suffered. Although it was not caused by one person, Zhang bangchang could not shirk his responsibility. In this regard, the people hate him as much as they hate the enemy. If they give him territory and let him dominate the people, then the heroes from all over the world will unite to denounce him, and Zhang bangchang will not become an important official of Dajin in the end. Zhang bangchang must not be made emperor, "then the people of the capital can be trusted, the people of the world can not be trusted, the emperor of the capital can be destroyed, and the emperor of the world can not be destroyed.". Judging from Qin Hui's opinions on Jin, his views on the issue of land cutting and his opposition to Zhang bangchang as emperor, there is no sign of his capitulation at this time. His official position has been mentioned as Zhongcheng, the imperial censor, and his authority is quite heavy.

In the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin people took Qin Hui to Zhang bangchang for an excuse, along with his wife Wang and his attendants. At that time, when song Huizong learned that Zhao Gou, king of Kang, had ascended the throne, he wrote a letter to Jin Shuai to discuss peace with him, asking Qin Hui to modify and polish the agreement. Qin Hui also bribed sticky Han (Han name Yan Zonghan), Jin Taizong gave Qin Hui to his brother Talan appointment. From then on, Qin Hui followed Talan step by step and gradually became his confidant.

In the fourth year of Jianyan (1130), Jin general Talan (Han name Wan Yanchang) led his troops to attack Shanyang, an important town in Huaibei (that is, Chuzhou, now Huai'an District in Jiangsu Province), and ordered Qin Hui to go with him. Why should Qin Hui go with him? From the perspective of the strategy of tarting laziness, the Southern Song Dynasty was doomed to subjugation only by inducing peace and negotiation and collusion. This "Nei" is only available to Qin Hui. And Qin Hui sold herself to the noble face of Nuzhen,

Chinese PinYin : Qin Gui Mu