Longchiman National Nature Reserve

Songxian Longchiman Nature Reserve was established in 1982 with the approval of Henan Provincial People's government. It is a forest ecological nature reserve. Its geographical location is in the south of Song County. The reserve, formerly known as wumasi forest farm, was established in 1958. It is composed of five scattered forest areas: Yangshan, muzaling, Longchiman, YangShuling and Daqing, with a total area of 7573 hectares (113600 mu) and a total forest volume of 425000 cubic meters.

Longchiman National Nature Reserve

Songxian Longchiman Nature Reserve was established in 1982 with the approval of Henan Provincial People's government. It is a forest ecological nature reserve. It is located in the south of Songxian County, with coordinates of 33 ° 34 ′～ 33 ° 54 ′ N and 111 ° 47 ′～ 112 ° 15 ′ e. the former wumasi forest farm was built in 1958. It is composed of five scattered forest areas of Yangshan, muzaling, Longchiman, YangShuling and Daqing, with a total area of 7573 hectares (113600 mu) and a total forest volume of 425000 cubic meters.

brief introduction

It has been said that "when the five mountains return, they don't look at the mountains, and when the Yellow Mountains return, they don't look at the mountains." but for Longchiman in Song County, Henan Province, this statement is too fallacious. The main peak of Longchiman is 2129 meters above sea level, and the divine power of nature stands majestic between heaven and earth.

Qiao Jin, a doctor of the Ministry of war in the Ming Dynasty, once praised Longchiman as "opposing Taihua and despising Henghuo". Today, when visitors visit Longchiman, they look up to the sky and sigh: "when Longchi comes back, don't look at the Yellow River! "。

Animal resources

There are 26 orders, 59 families and 201 species of wild animal resources. Among them: mammalia 6 orders, 7 families, 28 species; amphibia 2 orders, 6 families, 8 species; Reptilia 2 orders, 7 families, 18 species. There are 147 species (Passeriformes 77 species, non Passeriformes 70 species) of Avifauna in 39 families, 16 orders, among which 7 species are new records in Henan Province.

There are 18 species of animals listed as national key protected animals, including leopard, black stork, South China tiger, otter, green weasel, musk deer, green sheep, golden rooster, spoon chicken, mandarin duck, giant salamander, skylark, chestnut headed bee tiger, red billed crow, Golden Eagle, red bellied golden pheasant, etc. There are 51 species of white backed Sandpiper, grey Sandpiper, Dongji and so on. It belongs to 14 species of famous ornamental birds. Among the 147 species, 45 species belong to Palaearctic realm, such as stone chicken, spoon chicken, crow, star crow and jackdaw; 34 species belong to Oriental realm, such as oriole, bull backed oriole, pond heron and thrush; 68 species are widely distributed, such as great tit, swallow and dove.

In addition, there are 147 species, including 55 resident birds, 27 winter migrants, 60 summer migrants and 10 travelers. From this we can see that this is the place where the north and South birds live alternately. The vertical distribution of birds: at the foot of the mountain there are turtledoves and Thrushes, at the low mountain there are woodpeckers and great tits, at the middle mountain there are long tailed tits and silver throated long tailed tits. The majority of these birds eat insects, which plays a positive role in the effective control of forest pests.

plant resources

According to the investigation, there are 1991 species of vascular plants, belonging to 741 genera and 168 families. Among them, there are 290 species of timber plants, 98 species of starch plants, 143 species of fiber plants, 97 species of wild fruits, 193 species of tanning plants, 467 species of flower plants, 155 species of wild vegetables, 92 species of aromatic plants, 208 species of oil plants; 822 species of medicinal plants, 27 species of poisonous plants, 285 species of feed plants.

There are 16 kinds of plants listed as the national key protection plants, such as Lepidoptera angustifolia, Lianxiang, Shanbai, Eucommia ulmoides, xiangguoshu, Corylus heterophylla, Pterocarpus tatarinowii, lingchunmu, Illicium verum, Magnolia officinalis, Acer palmatum, Fraxinus mandshurica, hedgehog seed, Cinnamomum cassia, Gastrodia elata and silver magpie.

Topography and soil

The area is located in the north slope of Funiu Mountain. The mountain trend is from west to northeast, then to Southeast and then to northeast, and gradually decreases. The general altitude is 1100-1900 meters. The highest peak, Yuhuangding, is 2203 meters above sea level. It is located in the central area of Funiu Mountain. There are 110 peaks above 1300 meters above sea level, including jijiaojian 2145 meters above sea level and Longchiman 2129 meters above sea level. Except that the slope of YangShuling and muzaling is below 30 ° in some areas, the slope of most areas is between 30 ° and 70 °.

The mountain is mainly composed of Yanshanian granite with a long geological history. The strata are mainly pre Sinian crystalline gneiss and Triassic Qianfeng sand shale, granite and mica quartzite. As a result, the slope of the river is large and the flow is short and urgent. Once the vegetation protection is lost, landslides and debris flows will appear at any time. The soil type is mainly mountain brown soil, with brown soil and yellow brown soil, which is neutral and slightly acidic.

Climate and geomorphology

The area has a warm temperate continental climate. The annual average temperature is about 12 ℃, the minimum temperature is - 6.3 ℃, the maximum temperature is 32.8 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 661 mm, and the plant growth period is 160-190 days. According to the principle of combining protection with scientific research, teaching and utilization, the integrity of the original landform of the existing area should be protected as far as possible.

The natural secondary forest which belongs to the primary ecosystem type is divided into the core area, with an area of 3360 hectares, accounting for 44.3% of the total area. It is distributed in Longchiman and YangShuling forest areas. The experimental area is 210 hectares, accounting for 2.3% of the total area, distributed in Longchiman; the forest land that has been cut and renewed is divided into management area, with an area of 4010 hectares, accounting for 52.9% of the total area. We should adjust the forest structure, develop multi species, multi-level and multi benefit forestry in the management area, and increase economic income and vitality.

Forest vegetation

The vertical distribution spectrum of forest vegetation is obvious. Below 1300 meters above sea level, there are low mountain coniferous forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, and the main tree species are Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus variabilis, Castanea mollissima, Populus davidiana, lacquer tree, etc --At 1800 meters above sea level, it is a deciduous broad-leaved forest in the middle mountain. The main tree species are Quercus, Quercus acuteserrata, Betula bracteata, Tilia amurensis, Acer, Ulmus pumila and Fraxinus mandshurica. At 1800 meters above sea level, it is a subalpine coniferous forest, a mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and a subalpine shrub meadow. The main tree species and herbs are Pinus armandii, Abies fargesii, Betula platyphylla, Betula platyphylla, liudaomu, Rhododendron henanensis, Bambusa chinensis, and Bupleurum chinense They are Sanguisorba officinalis, Sanguisorba officinalis, Carex japonicus, etc.

Scenic spot traffic

Southwest of Checun Town, Song County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, northeast of Baihe River.

Address: South of Songxian County, Luoyang

Longitude: 112.15

Latitude: 33.54

Chinese PinYin : Long Chi Man Guo Jia Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu