City site of hetuala

On the South Bank of Suzi River, Yongling Town, Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, there is an ancient land built by mountains. Although as early as 300 years ago, people already knew that this was the first capital of the later Jin Dynasty, "hetuala city". But it is only after it has been rebuilt in recent years and gradually restored to its original historical appearance that it is really well known to the world.

The old city of hetuala

synonym

The city site of hetuala generally refers to the old city of hetuala

The old city of hetuala is located in Yongling Town, Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, China.

"Hetuala" is a Manchu word, historically known as "Xingjing", which means Henggang in Han Dynasty, that is, the city built on Pingdingshan hill. The ancient city of hetuala covers an area of 3500 square meters.

It is composed of inner and outer cities. The middle part of the inner city is low-lying. There is the only drinking well in the city called Hanwang well.

The old city of hetuala is an ancient city with a history of more than 400 years

Nuerhachi, Huangtaiji, duoergun and many other historical celebrities were born here.

Hetuala city is the capital of the later Jin Dynasty, which is called Khan by Nurhachi. It is the last mountain city in Chinese history and the most perfect mountain city of Nuzhen nationality in baozi so far. It is of great significance to the study of the history and art of the early Qing Dynasty.

In May 2006, the old city of hetuala was listed as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

On December 7, 2018, the 2018 "charming China city" cultural tourism charm list was sponsored by CCTV financial channel and Pacific Century Tourism.

Historical evolution

Hetuala is a swallow in the Warring States period. Qin belongs to Liaodong county. The Western Han Dynasty belongs to xuantu county. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, Gongsun first occupied the territory, and then Murong lived in it. In the southern and Northern Dynasties, Korea fell into the trap of the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty destroyed Korea and returned to internalization. Metal belongs to Tokyo road. Yuan is Shenyang road. Jianzhou Wei was set up in Ming Dynasty.

Hetuala city was built in 1603, the first day of the first month in 1616. Nurhachi established "Houjin" here.

In the eighth year of Tiancong (1634) of the later Jin Dynasty, Huang Taiji called it "Tianjun Xingjing".

In the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1687), the Shouwei Yamen in the capital was built, which was located in the east of the inner city.

In the 28th year of Qianlong (1763), the governor of jianxingjing ordered the Yamen in the west of Guandi temple.

Guangxu three years (1877) to 1998, after the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China, the people's Republic of China, are Xinbin County Yongling town area, the old town villagers living.

Characteristics of the old city

Urban system layout

The old city of hetuala is divided into two cities. The inner city is 551 meters long from east to west and 512 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of 246000 square meters. It mainly includes Han Palace grand yamen, Zhaozhong temple, Zhengbai banner yamen, Guandi temple, former residence of Manchu, hanwangjing, Qiyun academy, Confucian temple, former residence of takshi, etc. The main ancient sites are eight flag yamen, the association of yamen, Liu Gongci, Town God's Temple and so on.

There is a Chinese Manchu garden in the outer city. There are Manzu historical and cultural corridor, Manzu folk custom museum, Manzu old street, dizang temple, Xianyou palace, and various landscapes around the lake. The main sites include emperor's son-in-law mansion, armor factory, Sagittarius factory, Cang District, Tangzi, dianjiangtai, xiaojunchang and so on.

Site features

Zunhaotai site

Zunhaotai site, with an excavation area of 2500 square meters, has three building foundations, which are distributed in the shape of "pin" from west to East

The outline of No.1 foundation is rectangular, 20.5 meters long from north to south, 15.5 meters wide from east to west, and 3.2 meters high. The wall of the platform foundation is made of brick and stone. The outer wall is built vertically and moves outward due to the sinking of the platform foundation. The four corners are regular. The inner wall is the same as the outer wall, but the corner is circular. On the outer edge of the four corners of the platform foundation, brick walls of different lengths are built on the stone foundation. The masonry method is one along one Ding, and some places are one along two Ding.

The outline of No.2 foundation is rectangular, 27 meters long from east to west, 17.25 meters wide from north to south, 3.45 meters high, 2.6 meters wide from east to west and 2.5 meters wide from north to south. The wall is filled with brick, stone, soil, etc. The internal and external edges of the wall are made of stone, and some sections of the wall base are moved out.

The outer contour of No.3 platform foundation is rectangular, 18.5 meters long in the East, 12.5 meters wide in the East, 11.6 meters wide in the South and 2.75 meters high. It can be divided into two parts: the east half is nearly square, 11.4 meters long from east to west and 12.5 meters wide from north to South; the East, South and both sides of the wall base are 2.1 meters wide, and the north side is 3 meters wide. A pillar hole (0.5m in diameter) and a stove site (1m in diameter) were found in the southeast corner, and a pillar hole (0.5m in diameter), a stove site (1m in diameter) and a fire passage (2.5m in length, 0.6m in width and 0.4m in depth) were also found in the northeast corner.

Emperor's son-in-law mansion site

The main building site of the site is composed of three parts, namely, the main building high platform foundation, the house in front of the house, and the two side houses. The foundation of the main building is a rectangular stone high platform, which is 15.6 meters long in the East, 11.7 meters wide in the South and North, and 1.5 meters high from the ground to the platform. It is located in the east of the south side of Zhengfang high platform, 3 meters away from the east end of the platform base. The gate road is 6.6 meters long from north to south, 2.55 meters wide from east to west and 0.8 meters high. It is connected with the countertop, and the slope is connected with the courtyard floor. The construction method is similar to zunhaotai site. There are two stoves and two Kang beds in the room. 　　

It is 7.7 meters long from north to South and 3.9-5.3 meters wide from east to west. It is wide in the South and narrow in the north, with a residual height of 0.4 meters. It is located at the west end of the main building and connected with the main building platform. The doorway is located in the middle of both sides of the side room, 1.8m wide from north to south, 0.75m deep from east to East, and 0.09m high. Its construction method is basically the same as that of the main room.

Cultural relics

Movable Historical Relics

A large number of building components and daily necessities were unearthed from the ruins of the old city of hetuala. The building components include long brick, square brick, pattern brick, plate tile, simple tile, tile strip, tile Dang, dripping water, kiss, etc. the utensils include green glazed pot, green glazed basin, green glazed plate, blue and white rabbit pattern plate, blue and white monkey play plate, blue and white entwined flower bowl, etc.

Immovable Historical Relics

Han Palace grand Yamen

The grand yamen gate of Khan palace is octagonal in shape, with double eaves and sharp buildings. It was the place where Nurhachi ascended the throne, called Khan, governed state affairs, studied military aircraft, and accepted envoys. It was built in 1603, the 31st year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty.

Hanwang Palace

Hanwang's palace is located in the east of Hangong's grand Yamen. There are four buildings, one in the East is the bedroom of Hanwang and his concubine, and the third in the west is the place where Hanwang held sacrificial activities.

According to historical records, Han Wang and his concubine sleep on the South Kang in winter and the North Kang in summer. There are Kang tables and braziers on the opposite Kang, where Han Wang smokes and drinks tea. In the west, there are Wanzi Kang connecting the north, South and West.

Zhengbaiqi Yamen

The white flag yamen is located on the East platform of the Hangong Yamen. It is a quadrangle building with green bricks and tiles.

Zhengbai banner is one of the top three banners in the eight banners. Zhengbai banner yamen is the office where Huangtaiji, the leader of Zhengbai banner, deals with military and political affairs. There are five main rooms in the Yamen of Baiqi, which are well preserved original buildings in hetuala city.

Hanwang well

Hanwang well is located in the middle of hetuala City, which is the only drinking well in the city. The well is more than Zhang deep, full of water, and can be bent down. It is clear and sweet, unsealed in winter, and cool in summer. This well once raised the children of eight banners and was known as the Hanwang well.

Tucker's former residence

The former residence of Taki (Nurhachi's father) is Nurhachi's birthplace, where Nurhachi was born in 1559. The whole building reflects the characteristics of Manchu folk houses: "pocket room, ten thousand character Kang, chimney standing on the ground". It shows the daily necessities of the Manchu people in the past, and reflects the unique customs of Northeast China, such as "the window paper is pasted outside, the children are fed and hung up, the big girl is carrying a cigarette bag" and "three Manchu monsters".

Confucious'Temple

Confucian temple, also known as Confucius Temple, was built in 1615, the 43rd year of Wanli period. Its architecture not only retains the style of traditional Confucian temple, but also has the architectural characteristics of nvzhenren, reflecting Nurhachi's respect for Confucius.

Farm House

The farmyard was originally the former residence of the hitala family, a relative of the emperor. It is the residence of DAG Dudu, uncle of Nurhachi. It was built in the early years of the Late Jin Dynasty and has a history of more than 400 years. Despite the vicissitudes of history, it still retains the architectural style of the Manchu people and the original appearance of the courtyard.

Qiyun Academy

In the later Jin Dynasty, on the basis of being proficient in Mongolian and Manchu culture, Nurhachi fully realized the importance of culture and education, and set up a hall to hire Gong Zhenglu, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and his Han teachers Fang Xiaozhong, Chen Guoyong, Chen Zhong, etc. to teach his nephews to study. Later, it was named Xingjing Qiyun Academy. The establishment of Qiyun academy made great contributions to the unification of Manchu and the rise of Qing Dynasty.

Guan Yu Temple

Guandi temple is located in the city of hetuala. It was built in 1615, the 43rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. It is one of the seven major temples in the later Jin Dynasty. It is the first Guandi temple in the Qing Dynasty. It is the first temple of hetuala

Chinese PinYin : He Tu A La Cheng Zhi