Shen Yuan

Shen garden is located in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. It is the only song style garden preserved in Shaoxing ancient classical gardens. Shen garden, also known as Shen's garden, has a history of more than 800 years. It is a national 5A scenic spot.

What you must see when you come to Shenyuan is a new screen wall made of old bricks from the Song Dynasty. On the wall is Lu You's memory of Tang Wan's "hairpin head Phoenix". The shape and calligraphy of the tablet are good. It's worth taking a picture. The garden is very small. What the Song Dynasty really left behind is only a pool in the shape of a pot of Reed: a small amount of rockery and false stones, such as the pool of a pot of reed and the Fengzui, duanyunshi and so on.

Shen Yuan is famous for the pitiful love story of Lu You and his cousin Tang Wan. Now it has become the love garden of Shaoxing. When you enter the garden, you will hear the wind chime card with a message of love. The wind chimes of the whole corridor dance with the wind, while the Luyou memorial hall is dedicated to the story of Luyou's life. There is a courtyard in the garden. The long corridor is used as a stage. There are several tables in the courtyard. You can order a short piece of Yue opera for only 10 yuan. Although it is not as good as professional actors, Wu Nong's soft language of Jiangnan minor is particularly fascinating.

Shen Yuan

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Shenyuan is a national 5A scenic spot, located in chunbolong, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City. It is a famous garden in Song Dynasty. Shenyuan has a history of more than 800 years. Shen garden, also known as "Shen's garden", is a private garden of a wealthy businessman surnamed Shen in the Southern Song Dynasty. It was first built in the Song Dynasty. When it was first built, it had a large scale, covering an area of 70 mu. Garden pavilions, bridges, water, trees, Jiangnan scenery. Shenyuan is a national 5A scenic spot. It is the only song style garden preserved in Shaoxing.

To pay homage to medical workers, the scenic spot will be open to medical workers from February 19, 2020 to December 31, 2020.

brief introduction

Shen garden is divided into three parts: historic area, East Garden and South Garden. There are Guhe Pavilion, Banbi Pavilion, Shuanggui hall, bayong tower, Songjing, shepu, wenmeiqiao, chaitoufeng tablet, Qintai and guangyuzhai. In 1963, it was designated as a cultural relic protection unit in Zhejiang Province.

Lu you once left a famous poem "hairpin Phoenix" here. Words in the wall, extreme words "from the rope" pain. When Tang Wan saw it, he was sad and soon passed away in depression. In his later years, Lu you visited Shen Yuan several times and wrote poems to express his feelings. In 1192 A.D., he revisited Shen Yuan and wrote another poem, which said: "there is Shen's garden in the south of Yuji temple. Forty years ago, he tasted the title of Xiao Kan on the stone, and he was disappointed when he read it.".

geographical environment

Shenyuan has three relatively independent and distinctive Gardens: historic area, Dongyuan and Nanyuan. Huluchi and Xiaoshan in the historic area are still the original relics of the Song Dynasty, and the rest are mostly restored on the basis of archaeological excavation; Dongyuan, with an area of more than 6000 square meters, is located in the east of the historic area, also known as lovers' garden, showing the characteristics of Jiangnan gardening; Nanyuan, with an area of more than 6000 square meters, is located in the south head of the historic area, mainly composed of Shenyuan night performing theater and Luyou Memorial Hall.

In terms of layout, each of the three "gardens in the garden" in Shen garden takes water as its landscape theme. In addition to Wuguan hall and Anfeng hall, which are commemorative landscapes in Nanyuan, the three courtyards in Shenyuan are still natural. At the same time, the gardens echo each other and borrow from each other to create more beautiful pictures and more fun.

On the basis of the free layout, the landscape of each courtyard presents an inward "aggregation" layout, that is, all the buildings in the courtyard face the water surface, and the arrangement of all the scenery also has a downward trend from the outside to the inside from the height, which is the common "inward" layout feature of water centered gardening in Jiangnan gardens.

In addition to ensuring the basic space for garden activities, the water body, buildings, mountains and vegetation (flowers and trees) of Shenyuan garden are reasonably allocated. There are not many buildings in the whole Shen garden. It is full of green shade. It is very simple to dig pools, pile mountains, plant pines and bamboo, and build pavilions near the pool. The perfect combination and coordination of the four elements of the garden create the artistic conception of the close mountain forest and highlight the theme atmosphere of each garden.

Water body

As the main part of the landscape of Shen garden, although the overall area is small, the proportion of water in each garden is relatively large. In order to give full play to the advantages of water landscape, buildings, rockeries, corridors and so on are arranged around the water surface to expand the actual control range of the water surface of each garden and increase the garden sentiment and fun. There are two kinds of water surface treatment in Shenyuan, that is, decentralized water use and centralized water use. Beiyuan and Dongyuan belong to decentralized water use, and the water surface is divided into several water surfaces by different structures, which is based on the hydrophilicity of human beings and makes rational use of the open area in the garden, and has an internal relationship; while Nanyuan belongs to centralized water use, the water surface is not dispersed to a large extent, which maintains the effect of unity as a whole, and the scenery is distributed around, which makes rational use of the dead corner of the garden.

Architecture

The relationship between "seeing and being seen" has always been an important link in the landscape design of classical gardens. The architectural configuration in Shen garden solves this problem better. The configuration of the buildings in the garden makes good use of the characteristics of a large area of water. They are basically in a good viewing position, such as lengcuiting, guhexuan and Qintai. While viewing, they take themselves as an integral part of the landscape and play the role of embellishment.

Mountain

In Shen garden, the ground undulation is small. In order to create the artistic conception of quiet mountains and forests, many stone scenes are used in the garden. Dongyuan and Nanyuan are piled with rockeries. The difference is that Dongyuan uses exquisite and porous Taihu stone. The mountain is small and delicate, symbolizing the delicate and affectionate love between Lu You and Tang Wan. Nanyuan is thick and straight yellow chopping stone, metaphorizing Lu You's arrogance and indifference. Each mountain has its own characteristics, which sets off the theme of each garden.

In the North Garden, there are two rockeries in the south of bayong building, with "Xianyun Pavilion" and "Mingchi" on it, which is the highest point of the whole garden.

Botany

There are 68 species of plants in Shenyuan, including arbor, shrub, liana and aquatic plants. The planting density of Dongyuan and Beiyuan is larger, which is mainly used to supplement the open area in the garden and make up for the gap formed on the facade and plane due to the small number of buildings on the line; Dongyuan also sets up a small fir forest belt with alternate density, which enriches the depth of field and facade landscape.

History and culture

history

Shen garden was built in the Southern Song Dynasty, covering an area of more than 70 mu. Because the original owner of Shen garden was Shen, but there was no way to verify the specific name, so it was called "Shen's garden".

In 1151 ad, Lu You and Tang Wan met again in Shenyuan and wrote "chaitoufeng".

About 1199 ad, Lu you visited Shenyuan again and wrote two poems of Shenyuan.

In 1205 A.D., Lu You made a night tour of Shen's pavilion garden on December 2.

From Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, after many changes, it was renamed "Xu's garden".

When Shaoxing was liberated, there was only one corner, about 4.6 mu. When Mr. Guo Mo ruo visited Shenyuan in 1962, he was still desolate. He once wrote "hairpin Phoenix" to describe the scene in the garden. The word "Shen's garden" in the gate of Shen Yuan was inscribed by Guo Moruo in 1962.

On March 11, 1963, Shenyuan was announced as the second batch of key cultural relics protection units in Zhejiang Province by the people's Government of Zhejiang Province.

In 1985, in order to restore the Shen garden, archaeological work was carried out on the 7.2 Mu old site on the west side of the garden, and relics such as ancient wells in the Six Dynasties, buildings in the Tang and Song Dynasties, pools and tiles in the Ming Dynasty, dripping water, ridge ornaments, Lake stones, etc. were found.

In 1987 and 1994, the total area of the garden was restored to 18.5 mu. In the park, there are new Song Dynasty buildings, such as stone tablet square, lengcui Pavilion, six dynasties well Pavilion, bayong tower, Guhe Pavilion, Shuanggui hall, Xianyun Pavilion, Banbi Pavilion and fangweng bridge. Rockery is piled up, peach, plum, willow and bamboo are planted, the inscription wall is rebuilt, and Lu You's poem "Chai tou Feng" is re engraved, which shows the original appearance of the park.

In May 2001, new scenery was added to Shen garden, which mainly includes three parts: Luyou memorial hall, LIANLI garden and lovers garden, with more than ten scenic spots, covering an area of 57 mu.

Culture

Lu You, a patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, had many twists and turns in his life. He not only had a rough career, but also had an unfortunate love. In the 14th year of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty, Lu You, 20, and his cousin Tang Wan became partners. They were childhood sweethearts. After marriage, they fell in love, respected each other like guests, and loved each other deeply. However, it caused Lu's mother's dissatisfaction. She thought that Lu you was addicted to the gentle hometown and did not want to make progress, and missed his future. Moreover, they failed to have children after three years of marriage. So Lu's mother forced her filial son to divorce his wife on the ground that "Lu you was so tired of learning after marriage that he missed his official career and fame; Tang Wan was infertile after marriage and missed his zongsi incense". Although the two had deep feelings and could not bear to separate, under the oppression of feudal ethics, despite all kinds of complaints, they finally came to the point of "holding hands and looking at each other in tears".

In spite of all kinds of helplessness, Lu you finally married Wang as his mother's wife. Tang Wan was forced to marry Zhao Shicheng, a famous scholar in the middle of Yue Dynasty. Lu You and Tang Wan fell in love with each other in every way, and eventually they were separated.

Ten years later, in the spring of 1151 A.D. (the 21st year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty), Shen's Garden opened to the outside world. Lu you went alone with a melancholy mood, but unexpectedly met Tang Wan and his remarried husband Zhao Shicheng. Although there are ten years between them

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