Honglincuo

Honglincuo is located in Bandong town of Minqing Dynasty. It was built in 1795, the 60th year of Yimao reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. It is an ancient house full of vicissitudes of three dynasties. It is famous for its prosperous humanities and 200 years of long history.

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Fuzhou - scenic spot: Fuzhou Ring Expressway - enter Fuyin Expressway from the entrance at the small bridge of Rongdong channel 1 - drive along Fuyin expressway, leave the upper ramp from Jinsha exit - Minqing - x126 - X125 - S202 - drive for 2.4km - turn right to the bridge - turn left to y031 - drive for 2km - turn left over Mashi - x127 - turn right about 170m after passing Bandong store of Haier store on the left, turn right - x1 27 - end point.

Honglincuo

Honglincuo, commonly known as xinhuli, is located in Xinhu village, Bandong Town, Minqing County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. It was built by Huang Zujia, the ancestor of xinhuli, in 1795, and continued by Huang Honglin, the eldest son. It took 28 years to complete, more than 200 years ago. The house is of civil engineering structure, with three consecutive courtyards and two and a half floors. The plan is rectangular, covering an area of more than 17000 square meters. There are 35 halls and 666 houses. Its form is "one vertical and one horizontal". "One vertical" means that the main house is on a central axis, and "one horizontal" means that the horizontal house and the outer horizontal house are on the left and right sides of the central axis, forming a left-right symmetry and connecting front and back. Give people a deep courtyard, a sense of one go. In 2015, it was rated as Grade 3A scenic spot by the state

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brief introduction

In Xinhu village, Bandong Town, Minqing County, Fujian Province, there is a large-scale ancient residence, Honglincuo (commonly known as xinhuli). After several centuries of ups and downs, it is still standing, with unique and distinctive characteristics of the times highlighted in front of people. Honglincuo is the largest and best preserved single ancient residential building in China.

Honglincuo was built in 1795 by Huang Zuobin, the original medicine merchant, and completed in 1823 by his son Honglin. It took 28 years. Honglincuo covers an area of 17832.28 square meters. It has 35 halls, 666 houses, 25 flower beds, 30 patios and 4 wells. The corridor inside the house is in turn and in order. The building is a civil structure, with symmetrical wings and brackets, carved beams and painted buildings. It is a one-time design, one-stop and exquisite overall structure. The old house has been bathed in wind and rain for 200 years, and its children and grandchildren have multiplied for 11 generations, with a population of more than 2000 people, all over the world..

On July 9, 2016, typhoon "nibert" brought serious disasters to Minqing. Honglincuo, known as "folk Palace Museum", was seriously damaged in the typhoon. Taihe Group, which received the news, immediately announced that it would donate 50 million yuan for the comprehensive restoration of Honglincuo. The restoration of the damaged building of Honglincuo will be completed before December 31, 2019.

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geographical position

Honglincuo is located in Bandong Town, 25 kilometers away from Minqing County, on the Bank of Yanxi River in the south of Bandong plain. Yanxi in the upper reaches of Meixi river has a deep bay here, which is regarded as the "jade belt" in folk geography. Honglincuo is built in the jade belt encircling the river bend, which looks like a jade belt around the waist. Looking across the river, from near to far is a five fold parallel ridge from low to high, known as "five fold case", "the door meets the five fold case, with a jade belt in front", with Keyang Xianfeng on its back. In ancient times, it was regarded as a geomantic treasure land.

Architectural treasures

Rigorous layout

The first entrance is hutoumen, pingmen, patio, ring corridor and main house, outside of which is private school courtyard; the second entrance is patio, in front of patio is corridor, left and right are academy, and the back of patio is main house. There is a cross street between the first entrance and the second entrance, with corridor in the middle and dismounting room at both ends of the cross street; the third entrance is the same as the second entrance, but the third entrance is the same building It is bigger and more magnificent than the first and second entrances. The hall is spacious and bright, and the decoration is more exquisite. The main block of Honglincuo has three entrances, with a wide building surface and five bay rooms. The houses are well arranged. The corridors inside the house turn back to the road, and the upstairs and downstairs extend in all directions. There are 35 halls, 25 flower beds, 30 patios, 36 fire walls, 4 wells, 13 gates and 666 houses.

Functional science

First of all, fire prevention facilities are complete. The fire wall can prevent the spread of the fire; the water in the crisscross ditches and the mud in the inspection well are good fire-fighting materials; a water channel is opened in the south of the house to guide the water into the ditch network in the house to ensure that there is sufficient water to put out the fire. Secondly, the anti moth and anti-corrosion measures are in place. The drainage in the house is unobstructed, and the air is dry; every pillar is padded with foundation stone to prevent moisture and insect erosion. Once again, the seismic performance is strong. The macro beam and large column are connected by tenons and pegs, which is comparable to the reinforced concrete frame structure. Finally, the anti bandit system is strict. In the southeast corner and northwest corner of the house, a "rabbit ear" (blunderbuss building) is built to peep the movement of the whole house outside the high wall in four directions; a "city sill" is left between the top of the outer wall and the eaves of the outer horizontal house for archery, shooting and stone throwing; in case the gate is broken, there are many lines of defense inside, the wall root is full of spare stumbling ropes and holes for surprise attack, and "Lang machine guns" are also installed in the cross street The gun hole is right on the street.

Cultural connotation

The connotation of housing culture is rich, integrating the concepts of "harmony between man and nature" and "integration of man and house", and rich in lucky number image. In the book of changes, six represents Yin, opposite to the Yang represented by nine, which is soft and strong. In the eight trigrams, the Kun trigram shows the image of six or six. The use of the six numbers reposes the hope of the house owner for the family's endless growth and prosperity. Huang's people live in an orderly way, following the ethical standard of the Chinese nation. "Zhengcuo", the first one is inhabited by the younger generation of the family, the second one is inhabited by the backbone generation of the family, and the third one is inhabited by the older generation of the family. The "hengcuo" on the two wings of the main house is the place where maids live, and the "waihengcuo" expanded outward is the place where men live.

Architectural function

Pinglan and Huabiao

The street in front of hutoumen of Honglincuo is called hutoumen Hengjie. On one side is the courtyard gate wall, and on the other side is the low wall made of garnet. The gate wall and the low wall are connected by the flat column, and the stone made nine bamboo knots are used to support the flat column. 9、 The largest number; bamboo, bamboo solution of the moral of the heart. Two Chinese watches stand outside the low wall. Huabiao, the relic of slander wood. The combination of Pinglan and Huabiao is a moving movement, reflecting the grace and magnanimity of Honglincuo in Minqing Dynasty.

Get along with the rain Pavilion

The way of Honglincuo is much more delicate. The lane connecting the back hall from the hall is called Jinming lane. Originally, I didn't often walk around. From the first entrance to the second entrance, I had to make a detour from the fire wall. Because of the custom, most people come in and out from the right side of the coffin, and the left side is only for carrying out the coffin, so few people walk around. The lane outside the Sanguan house and inside the Fenghuo gable is used to be called Huoqiang lane. Fire wall Lane used to be a passageway for family sacrifices, a passageway for family members to put out the fire once there is a fire danger in the family, and a necessary way for family members to evacuate the old and young. In case of banditry, it is a place where the armed forces can attack, retreat and defend, and make detours. It's amazing that the wall of fire has many uses.

The building in the transition area between the first entrance and the second entrance, the second entrance and the third entrance of Honglincuo is called guoyuting. The building function of the rain Pavilion is to bring convenience to the daily life of residents, and its potential building function is as a fire-fighting facility. As the ancient building materials are mostly combustible materials, it is easy to cause fire. Once a fire breaks out, parents will organize their servants to plug the door opening under the fire wall near the fire with earth mounds, and then push off the rain Pavilion building, so as to cut off the fire source and have a wide isolation belt, which can effectively restrain the spread of the fire.

What is amazing is that the vertical and horizontal sewers in the underground of Honglincuo are connected with the well arranged inspection wells. The fire canal beside the house keeps clear water flowing, and the inspection wells are mostly located at the intersection of upper and lower ditches. The 47 inspection wells of the whole house are designed according to the unified location. In case of fire, water can be taken nearby to put out the fire. Because the sewers are connected with each other, the water will reach the front of the fire fighting according to people's will.

Windows and wood carvings

The design of Honglincuo window gives us a lot of Enlightenment: the high position of the window is to ensure the concealment of indoor life; the design of the window drawer is pushed up, down, left and right to reduce the window sash activity space to the maximum extent and bring a lot of convenience to life. The large family has a large population and frequent round-trip activities. If the window sash is too large to open an account indoors or outdoors, it will inevitably cause the collision injury of inaction. The living conditions of large families and small families are quite different, and the opening of window sashes is not the same. As the space of window drawer board is limited to the interior of the wall, it is not affected by wind and rain and man-made damage. The window of Honglincuo has remained the same for more than 200 years.

Fire wall

Fire wall, as the name suggests, is a kind of wall building for the purpose of fire prevention in traditional Chinese residential settlements. The fire wall of Honglincuo is called saddle Wall, which is a kind of fire sealing wall popular in Fuzhou area. Fuzhou dwellings attach great importance to the change of the upper contour line, especially on the saddle Wall. The wall is streamlined with the rise and fall of the wooden roof truss. The angle of the wall extends out of the house and looks like a saddle, so it is called saddle Wall.

Swallow tail ridge

The two ends of the main ridge of the roof of Honglincuo extend outward and bifurcate, which is called swallow tail ridge. It is mostly used in Dacuo and other places. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was an unwritten rule in the south of Fujian that only those who won the Ju people's family could build Yan

Chinese PinYin : Hong Lin Cuo