lushan national park

Lushan Mountain is located in the south of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, central China. It is adjacent to the Yangtze River in the north and Poyang Lake in the East. It covers an area of 302 square kilometers. There are more than 90 peaks in the whole mountain. The highest peak, dahanyang peak, is 1473.4 meters above sea level. There are many valleys, caves, waterfalls and streams scattered among the peaks, and the topography is complex.

Lushan Mountain has appeared many times in the poetry of literati, among which Su Shi's sentence "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, only because I am in the mountain" is the most famous. Today, Lushan is a mature tourist attraction. The green mountains, green waters, waterfalls, sunrise and modern villas in the mountains attract many tourists to have a glimpse of the true face of Lushan.

Lushan detailed introduction

Lushan, also known as Kuangshan and kuanglu, is located in Lushan City, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. It is between 115 ° 52 ′ - 116 ° 8 ′ E and 29 ° 26 ′ - 29 ° 41 ′ n. It is close to Wuyuan and Poyang Lake in the East, Tengwang Pavilion in the south, Datong vein of Beijing Kowloon Railway in the West and Yangtze River in the north. It is about 25 kilometers long and 10 kilometers wide. The main peak is Hanyang peak, 1474 meters above sea level. It is a typical Horst fault block mountain.

Lushan Mountain is famous for its magnificence, strangeness, danger and beauty, and is known as "the best in the world". It is a world cultural heritage, a World Geopark, a national key scenic spot, a national AAAAA tourist attraction, China's top ten famous mountains, China's top ten most beautiful mountains, a national key cultural relics protection unit, China's four summer resorts, and the first batch of national civilized scenic spots.

Lushan has 171 peaks since ancient times. Among the peaks are 26 hills, 20 valleys, 16 caves and 22 strange rocks. There are 22 waterfalls, 18 streams and 14 lakes. The most famous Sandiequan waterfall, with a drop of 155 meters, has the beautiful sentence of "less than Sandiequan, not Lushan guest".

The origin of the name

The earliest written record about the name of Lushan Mountain appeared in Shangshu Yugong: "the Yang of Minshan Mountain, as for Hengshan Mountain. If you cross Jiujiang, as for the application of Asahara. " Among them, "Fu Qian Yuan" is the alias of Lushan; in addition, there are also other aliases of Lushan, such as Nanzhang mountain and Tianzi Zhang. It is Sima Qian's "historical records" that is written in the name of "Lushan Mountain" first: "Yu Nan ascended Lushan Mountain and watched Yu Shu Jiujiang river."

In the book of songs, Xiaoya, xinnanshan, there is "Lu in Zhongtian", while in Guoyu, Chuyu, it is recorded that the location of Lushan was called "Luyi" in the Warring States period,

In the Fu on Lushan Mountain written by sun Fang of Jin Dynasty, "in the south of Xunyang County, there is Lushan Mountain, the town of Jiujiang, and it is close to Pengli, and it is flat and open." Also on the geography of Lushan Mountain.

geographical environment

Location context

Lushan Mountain is located in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. It is close to Wuyuan and Poyang Lake in the East, Tengwang Pavilion in the south, Datong vein of Beijing Kowloon Railway in the West and Yangtze River in the north. It is a Horst type fault block mountain. The whole mountain is 29 kilometers long from north to South and 16 kilometers wide from east to west. It covers an area of 302 square kilometers, between 115 ° 52 ′ - 116 ° 8 ′ E and 29 ° 26 ′ - 29 ° 41 ′ n. 8 m above sea level. There are 171 peaks named since ancient times. The main peak, dahanyang peak, is 1474 meters above sea level.

Geomorphological features

The geomorphic landscape of Lushan Mountain is special, which is a compound geomorphic landscape with multiple causes. It is composed of fault block mountain tectonic geomorphic landscape, ice erosion geomorphic landscape and flowing water geomorphic landscape.

In the late Cretaceous, when the ancient Poyang Lake was formed, the rudiment of Lushan fault block mountain was formed. In the Himalayan orogeny of Paleogene and Neogene, the majestic Lushan fault block mountain was formed.

When the Quaternary glacial period came 3 million years later, Lushan had four glacial periods. This kind of marine Piedmont glaciers had a strong planing effect. On the basis of the tall fault block mountains, a series of glacial landforms were formed, such as edge ridge, iceberg, ice cellar, U-shaped Valley, hornet peak, etc.

In the post glacial period of 10000 years, due to abundant rainfall and well-developed water system in Lushan Mountain, under the strong erosion of water, the structural landform and ice erosion landform of fault block mountain have been strongly transformed, forming a series of unique water landscape. Fault cliff and glacier ridge have become steep cliffs. U Valley has formed new peaks, valleys and canyons It laid the foundation for the formation of quantity waterfall.

Climate conditions

Lushan is late in spring, short in summer, early in autumn and long in winter. According to the records over the years, the highest temperature in Lushan is only 32 ℃, the lowest is - 16.8 ℃, and the annual average is 11.4 ℃. It can be seen that the temperature in Lushan is moderate. Even in four seasons, the difference is normal: 11.5 ℃ in spring, 22.6 ℃ in summer, 17.4 ℃ in autumn and about 1 ℃ in winter.

Because the top of Lushan Mountain is located in the high altitude area, and the river is surrounded by the lake, the moist air flow is blocked by the mountains, so it is easy to make clouds for rain. Therefore, Lushan has abundant rainfall. The annual average rainfall is 1917mm, and the annual average number of rainy days is 168 days. There are many clouds and fogs in Lushan, with an average of 192 foggy days in the whole year. What's more strange is that the clouds and fog of Lushan Mountain are changeable all the year round, which adds wonderful scenery to Lushan Mountain. The water source of Lushan Mountain mainly comes from atmospheric precipitation. Under the condition of abundant rainfall, Lushan Mountain, which has more than 90 peaks and ridges, is a wonder because of the ingenious carving of crustal movement and glacier erosion. Some peaks and ridges are lined with valleys, which naturally form steep cliffs and deep ravines, forming numerous waterfall beds. In addition, the water source is continuous all the year round, forming a large number of waterfalls with magnificent scenery.

The altitude of each peak of Lushan Mountain is more than 1000 meters, and Hanyang peak, the highest peak, is 1474 meters above sea level. In addition, there are dense forests on the mountain, surrounded by rivers and lakes at the foot of the mountain. In addition, there is a lot of rain all year round and the air humidity is high, which makes the temperature difference between the mountain and the foot of the mountain great in summer. In the midsummer of every year, the Poyang Lake Basin is red and hot, and the highest temperature can reach more than 39 ℃, while the average temperature on the mountain is only about 22.6 ℃ in summer, and the temperature is often between 15 ℃ and 20 ℃ in the morning and evening.

hydrographic features

The valley water system in Lushan area has its own system, each of which originates from Lushan and flows back to the rivers and lakes. The broad valley on the top of the mountain is connected by the river seizing action, and the V-shaped Valley is cut down. The waterfall falls into the deep canyon on the side of the mountain. In the Lushan scenic area, many lakes are built by damming, water supply and drainage systems are built to regulate water use, or power generation is used to supplement power supply, and water scenery tourism is increased.

natural resources

Geological resources

There are Horst fault block mountains, Quaternary glacial remains, Quaternary glacial stratigraphic sections and early Proterozoic Xingzi Group stratigraphic sections in Lushan Mountain. So far, more than 100 important glacial geological relics have been found in Lushan Mountain, which completely record the whole process of ice and snow accumulation, glacial formation, glacial movement, erosion of rock mass, transportation of rock and deposition of mud and gravel. It is a historical record of paleoclimate change and geological characteristics in eastern China. There are many similarities between the features of Quaternary glacial activities in the European Alps and North America. There are Horst fault block mountains, Quaternary glacial remains, Quaternary glacial stratigraphic sections and early Proterozoic Xingzi Group stratigraphic sections in Lushan Geopark.

Stratigraphic remains

The most important stratigraphic relic in Lushan is the Paleoproterozoic Xingzi Group stratigraphic section relic.

There are two main outcrops: one is the section from Qixian temple to ruanjiapeng, which is located in the valley. All kinds of schist, granulite, quartzite and marble of Xingzi Group can be seen along the way. The other is the Guizong jinlunfeng section, along which various granulites, schists and plagioclase amphibolites (basic lava) of the Xingzi Group can be seen. Its remains are not only complete, but also natural.

There are also quaternary Pleistocene moraine mud gravel strata in Lushan. The Quaternary Pleistocene moraine mud gravel section remains are most fully exposed in Lushan. The trace of moraine mud gravel section in the early Pleistocene is located in the south of Dapailing. The moraine mud gravel section of Poyang period in the late Early Pleistocene is on the Jinding mountain, and the other is beside the Bailong temple on the edge of Poyang Lake. There are many traces in the Middle Pleistocene Dagu moraine mud gravel section, of which the lower Qingshan is the most typical. In addition, there are two traces of moraine and glacial water mixed accumulation section. These relics are well preserved.

Rock relic

The remains of three types of rocks (sedimentary rocks, magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks) in Lushan Mountain are all distributed and well preserved, among which the most important are magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks.

There are granites intruding into the Paleoproterozoic Xingzi Group in Guanyinqiao, Xiufeng, Guizong and other places in the southeast of Lushan Mountain. Their isotopic age is 847 million years, belonging to the late Proterozoic. The granites in donggushan, yujingshan, Haihui and SHINIUSHAN intruded into the Paleoproterozoic Xingzi Group, with isotopic ages ranging from 137 million to 104 million years. In the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of Xiejiashan, Aikou, Tangjiawan and other places in the south of Lushan Mountain, the basic dyke swarms can be seen. The isotopic age is 136 million years, belonging to Mesozoic era. Basic dyke swarms are basic magmatic intrusions from the lower crust or upper mantle under the background of crustal extension. The appearance of Lushan mafic dyke swarms is a sign that the crust is in the state of extensional stress.

Paleoproterozoic amphibolite facies metamorphic rock remains are widely distributed. Epidote granulites in Laohutan waterfall and hongshanwa waterfall are the most complete and fresh. Xiashuangjianfeng, yulianquan waterfall, WoLonggang waterfall and zuishi are the most well preserved metamorphic rock relics with aesthetic value. In addition, there are sillimanite schist and kyanite schist.

There are a lot of purplish red flint gravels in the early Sinian conglomerate and purplish red reticulate limestone in the late Ordovician.

Hydrogeological relics

Xingzi hot spring at the foot of Huanglong Mountain in the south of Lushan Mountain, Primula spring at bird cliff, Haihui

Chinese PinYin : Lu Shan Feng Jing Ming Sheng Qu