Eryou mountain

Eryou mountain is located in Wusu village, Miao nationality township, 15 kilometers northwest of Yuanling County. It is named after the confluence of Youshui River and Youxi river. The undulating ridge is like a Book page, so it is also called wanjuan rock. The main peak is 509.8 meters above sea level. The vegetation on the mountain can be divided into forest and shrub grass. The mountain climate has four distinct seasons, full of aura and rich cultural heritage. It is a place that ancient and modern scholars yearn for. It is said that when the first emperor of Qin set fire to books and trapped scholars, Fu Sheng, a doctor of the imperial court, risked his life, smuggled out more than 1000 volumes of bamboo slips from Xianyang, trudged around and hid them in Eryou cave, so that the cultural classics of the pre Qin Dynasty could be handed down to later generations

Eryou mountain

Eryou mountain, the ancient Qin people's library, is located 15 kilometers northwest of Yuanling County, Wusu river. It is the combined name of Dayou mountain and Xiaoyou mountain. Local people take it as the place where Youshui and Youxi flow together, so it's named.

It is also known as wanjuan rock. It is the holy mountain of Chinese culture, the 26th cave of Taoism, and a national AAA scenic spot.

Introduction

[name]: Eryou mountain, also known as wanjuan rock.

[altitude]: the main peak is 509.8m above sea level. The elevation of the second peak is 428.1 meters, the Youshui river is 96.9 meters (the highest water level in the reservoir area is 108 meters), and the relative elevation difference is 331.2 meters.

[area]: the planned scenic area is 13000 mu, and the core scenic area is 3000 mu.

[location]: the northwest of Yuanling city is 12 kilometers up the Youshui river.

Climate: subtropical monsoon humid climate. The annual average temperature is 16.8 ° C. There is no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer. The spring temperature from March to May is 11 ° C, 16.5 ° C and 21.5 ° C respectively; the summer temperature from June to August is 25.5 ° C, 28.2 ° C, 27.4 ° C respectively; the autumn temperature from September to November is 23.4 ° C, 17.7 ° C and 12.0 ° C respectively; the winter temperature from December to February is 7.0 ° C, 4.9 ° C and 6.2 ° C respectively

[affiliation]: Eryou Miao Autonomous Township, Yuanling County, Hunan Province.

[geology]: the stratum is mainly quaternary system, which can be divided into Pleistocene series and Holocene Series according to the landform location and accumulation characteristics. The renewal alluvium is continuously distributed along Youshui and its tributaries, with a length of 2-3 km and a width of 200-400 M. the Holocene is mainly composed of floodplain, sandbank and riverbed alluvial deposits, which are distributed in belts along both sides of Youshui and its tributaries or mountain valleys. The lower part of the deposit is gravel layer or sand gravel layer, with loose structure and clear arrangement. It is mainly composed of quartz sandstone and slate, followed by chert vein quartz and limestone. The composition is complex and the roundness is good. It's a few centimeters to three meters thick. The sandbank deposit is similar to the flood plain, and the upper part is covered by a layer of fine sand with a thickness of 6-9M. The riverbed is thickened from the edge of the river to the center, and the thickness is generally 2-6m.

The geological structure of this area is simple, the fault is not developed, and there is no condition for large earthquake.

In the paleogeological history, Eryou mountain was first affected by Wuling and Xuefeng movements, and then by Indosinian and Yanshan orogenies. Under the action of long-term water erosion, cutting and neotectonic movement, the present landform was formed.

Wild species

The climate in the mountain is suitable, which provides favorable conditions for the survival and development of many species. The vegetation on the mountain can be divided into forest and shrub grass. There are more than 500 kinds of plants, including more than 20 kinds of woody plants and arbor trees. Among them, more than 10 kinds of tree species are under second-class national protection, such as Eucommia ulmoides, Ginkgo biloba, walnut, etc. There are more than 300 kinds of animals, including the monkey faced eagle, the red bellied horned pheasant, the flying fox, and the giant salamander (salamander). There are 20 species of reptiles, 30 species of insects, 10 species of amphibians, 30 species of fish, 30 species of birds and 11 species of mammals.

Historical evolution

It is said that the Yellow Emperor collected books in this mountain in ancient times. Because of Shundi's abdication, Wuling people Shanjuan hid in this mountain to protect Huangdi's collection of books and educate the local people. During the Zhou Dynasty, King Mu collected different books in the mountain. When the first emperor of Qin was in power, he burned books and dug up scholars. Fu Sheng, a doctoral official, smuggled five banned books and hid them in a cave in the middle of the mountain. Until the death of Qin Dynasty, he presented them to Liu Bang, the emperor of Han Dynasty. At last, he kept all the schools of thought in the spring and Autumn period and made an indelible contribution to the continuation of Chinese civilization for five thousand years. Eryoushan's book collection merits and virtues are profound for thousands of years. During the reign of emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, Chenzhou ordered Ouyang Zhi to travel in this mountain. He was impressed by the virtue of remembering Shanjuan and wrote to Emperor Zhenzong Zhao Heng to build a temple to worship Shanjuan to show his respect for virtue. Zhenzong emperor Zhunzi, the next aim is to build a temple for Shanjuan at the top of Eryou mountain. In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Hance and Wang Shilong, the guardians of Chenzhou, built Cuishan and Miaohua academies in the mountains at their own expense. During the Anti Japanese War, the Hunan government moved to Yuanling, where countless experts and professors took refuge. Long Shengheng, the headmaster of Wusu primary school, took this opportunity to hire one of the most popular teachers to teach primary school students, which laid a solid foundation for Wusu talent education. After the founding of new China, eryoushan became a famous teaching village in China.

Introduction to the Academy

Cuishan Academy

Cuishan academy is the first private Academy in Yuanling founded by Dong Hance, a Jinshi in Ming Dynasty. Dong Hance, who claimed to be the descendant of Dong Zhongshu, a scholar of Han Dynasty, took Dong Zhongshu as an example in teaching and educating people. Dong Zhongshu had a "source committee" in his study. He once said: "benevolent people should be upright in their friendship, not seek their interests, understand their ways, and ignore their merits.". Therefore, Dong Hance hung a plaque of "Zhengyi" on the college hall to remind himself and urge the students. What is particularly rare is that all the students from Cuishan academy can adhere to Dong Hance's teaching and attach importance to talent cultivation. For example, Xiang Qi's only hobby, no matter where she lives or whether she holds a high or low position, is to gather her children to study in the Academy. As the name suggests, it is the emerald mountain academy at the foot of Eryou mountain that does not forget its hometown to cultivate its talents.

Miaohua Academy

Miaohua academy is the second private academy built by Wang Shilong, a Jinshi, who retired from the post of deputy envoy of Guizhou in the Jiajing bingxu period of Ming Dynasty, and admired the fame of eryoushan. Since he started the Academy, Wang seldom went down the mountain to go home. He ate and lived with his disciples. He taught Meng Tong seven or eight hours a day in person. After class, he led the students to open up wasteland and cultivate land on the mountain, feeling the farmers' hard work. When his deeds spread to the capital, the officials of the imperial court expressed their admiration. Chen Ruoshui, a famous scholar and Minister of the Ministry of war, wrote a short essay for the academy and sent it to Eryou mountain. Wang Shilong appreciated this inscription very much. He mounted it very exquisitely and hung it in the main hall of Miaohua academy, which became the hall inscription of Miaohua Academy.

Travel notes

[best tourist season]: Eryou mountain has moderate climate and abundant rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of 1406 mm. It is sunny in the mountains, long frost free period and short cold period. It is suitable for tourism all the year round. The peak period of tourism is in April, may, September and October. April is the best time for outing because of its brilliant mountain flowers, bright sunshine and cool weather. With the coming of the college entrance examination in May, the students who are going to take part in the college entrance examination, accompanied by their parents, go to the mountains to worship the sages, get the aura of books and pray for good results. September is the day for primary school students to go to school. Since ancient times, children in Wusu have been brought to the mountains by their parents to worship the good deeds, kneel down and burn incense before they get to school, forming a festival with rich cultural flavor. In October, when the chestnuts are ripe, it also coincides with the birthday of Xinnu, the ancestor of the Miao nationality. The grand chestnut Festival and the traditional jumping village festival for Xinnu are held at the same time. It lasts for one week. No less than ten thousand people of the Miao Nationality in the surrounding counties and cities gather to jump to the village to worship their ancestors. The folk custom is simple and elegant.

[how to get there]: starting from Yuanling City, there are vehicles directly to Eryou wharf, and the journey is 15 minutes. You can also take a boat up the Youshui River to the foot of Eryou mountain. The journey is 40 minutes. It's only 20 minutes by boat. Along the way, the reservoir area has beautiful scenery. Starting from Mengdong River and Furong Town (Wang Village), take a boat down Youshui (Qifeng lake is Fengtan reservoir area, and the scenery on both sides is similar to the Three Gorges) for 3 hours to Fengtan Hydropower Station. After visiting the world's highest empty stomach gravity arch dam, take a bus down 30 km to Eryou mountain. On the way, you can visit the Mingxi ancient village site and the scarlet letter stele cliff inscriptions, the key cultural relics of Hunan Province preserved in the Northern Song Dynasty. You can also take the train from Luoyi River to Guzhang and take the road to get there. From Guzhang to Eryou mountain, the car runs for 2 hours. Along the way, Guzhai, Shenxi, cangya and Laoteng are picturesque and picturesque. The rare animals race with the car sometimes, which is very interesting.

[accommodation and catering]: tourists can live in the county, on the water, on the boat or in wusuji town. Wusuji town is a middle and low-grade hotel with low price, comfortable conditions and rich flavor of Qin and Han Dynasties. Food and beverage can be gathered in the farmhouse, also can participate in the Miao people's feast, hundreds of people, thousands of people are not many, drinking and singing, unique style.

[tourism schedule design: tourists can decide one-day tour, two-day tour or three-day tour according to their time and interest in the scenic spots. The one-day tour is mainly to visit scenic spots and experience cultural heritage; the two-day tour is to worship cultural sages and sages one by one in order to enlighten and enlighten people, to achieve academic success and official career; the three-day tour is to investigate the history, folk customs, lectures or various academic conferences of Western Hunan.

[special tips]: when you travel to Eryou mountain, don't forget to buy a standard guide map, and then buy a small book about Eryou mountain with both pictures and texts. You can better taste the traditional Chinese culture by following the pictures, comparing with the real scene, watching point by point and thinking deeply

Chinese PinYin : Er You Shan