Tianluokeng tulou cluster

When it comes to Fujian Tulou, many people may have such a scene in mind: four circular buildings surrounded by a square building - this is the tianluokeng Tulou group in Nanjing. Its unique shape is jokingly known as "four dishes and one soup", and it is often used as the image of Fujian classic earth buildings. In addition, the famous Chinese architects wrote poems to describe it as "looking down like a flower, looking beside like Potala".

There are many ways to play tianluokeng. You can overlook it, look up at it, and look up at it. Each angle has its own advantages. It can be said that there is no dead angle in 360 degrees. The most classic viewing place should be the viewing platform on the mountain. Standing there, you can overlook the panorama of "four dishes and one soup". Scenic area along the road there are viewing platform instructions, along the line.

However, the interior of the Tulou is basically commercialized. The first floor is full of stalls selling things, while some upstairs can be accommodated.

Tianluokeng tulou cluster

Tianluokeng Tulou group is located in tianluokeng natural village, SHANGBAN village, Shuyang Town, west of Nanjing County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. It is a small settlement of Hakka people with the surname Huang.

Tianluokeng Tulou group is mainly composed of a square building, three round buildings and an oval building, which are Buyun building, Zhenchang building, Ruiyun building and Hechang building respectively. The square building is in the middle of Buyun building, and the other four are around.

Tianluokeng Tulou group is built in the order of "gold, wood, water, fire and earth". Because of its unique combination of architectural forms, it is called "wonderful flower of World Architecture" by Luo Zhewen, leader of Chinese ancient architecture protection expert group,

Tianluokeng earth building group is a model of Hakka Earth Building Group in Fujian.

In 1996, the people's Government of Fujian Province announced tianluokeng Tulou group as the fourth batch of provincial cultural relics protection units in Fujian Province.

In May 2001, tianluokeng Tulou group, as a part of Fujian Tulou group, was listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

On July 7, 2008, Fujian Tulou, including tianluokeng Tulou group, was listed in the world cultural heritage list by UNESCO.

Historical evolution

Tianluokeng Tulou group was built in 1662, the first year of Kangxi reign of Qing Dynasty. The formation of the whole group lasted 304 years.

Tianluokeng village was originally called tianliaokeng village. Later, it was named tianluokeng because of its terrain like Tianluo, high mountains around, low-lying terrain in the middle and pit like shape.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Huang Xigui, the ancestor of Huang family in tianluokeng village, with his son baisanlang, started from aoyao, Yongding County, Fujian Province, and went to tianluokeng through huyangkeng, Xiaban village, Liwu, shangbanliao, and finally decided to settle here. Huang Xigui and his son Bai Sanlang set out to build a thatched shed and live by raising ducks.

In the early years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Bai Sanlang, the ancestor of Huang's family in tianluokeng, was instructed by Mr. Feng Shui of geography. He built a grass shed in Bai Sanlang, which was the treasure land of all. At the same time, he set the money for the homestead, set the direction, set the line, and set the shape of the building. Build a three story, single story, 20 bay square earth building Hechang building. After the completion of Hechang building, a ancestral hall, Jiangxia hall, was built on the field below it to show the memory of Huang's predecessors.

In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Huang began to build a square building, Buyun building.

When the Buyun building was built, the Huang people immediately started to build a new round building, Hechang building, on the top right of it.

In 1930, the Huang people built Zhenchang building on the top left of Buyun building.

In 1936, the Huang people built Ruiyun building on the lower right side of Buyun building.

In 1966, Wenchang building, the last one of tianluokeng earth buildings, was built.

In November 2003, the village of tianluokeng Tulou group was announced as one of the first batch of famous historical and cultural villages in China.

In 2007, tianluokeng village was listed as one of the first Chinese landscape villages.

Architectural features

pattern

Tianluokeng Tulou group consists of square Buyun building, round Zhenchang building, Ruiyun building, Hechang building and oval Wenchang building. Fanglou, Buyun Lou, is in the middle of the building, and the other four are surrounded by it. They are arranged randomly according to the mountain situation, which is called "four dishes and one soup".

Tianluokeng Tulou is built close to the mountains, high and low, surrounded by mountains, overlooking, like a blooming plum blossom embellishing the earth,

The square building located in the flower center of "plum blossom" is Buyun building. A round building on the top right of Buyun building is Hechang building, Zhenchang building on the top left, Ruiyun building on the bottom right and Wenchang building on the bottom left. By increasing or decreasing the height of the columns of the first floor along the terrain, the builders of the four round buildings have successfully obtained the plane of the second floor, which is convenient for living.

At the bottom left of tianluokeng Tulou group is a ancestral hall of Huang family, Jiangxia hall, which sits east to west.

The lowest and the highest Tulou in tianluokeng Tulou group have a drop of nearly 20 meters, and the height of each Tulou is different.

characteristic

The tianluokeng Tulou group with four circles on one side was planned and arranged according to the "five rooms of Mingtang" in KAOGONGJI map, and was built according to the order of "metal, wood, water, fire and earth", which is a unique architectural form combination.

The types of Tulou can be roughly divided into five Phoenix building, mansion style square building, square building, Zoumalou, wujiaolou, Shamao building, Diaojiaolou and yuantulou. Tianluokeng Tulou group belongs to the round Tulou, also known as the ring building, formerly known as yuanzhai, which is a kind of Hakka Tulou in Yongding.

The selection of acupoints in tianluokeng Tulou group follows the Chinese geomantic culture. Buyun building is the place of "puhu", and Hechang building is the place of "crab land".

Among the five Tulou groups in tianluokeng, the golden ratio of 2:3, 3:5 And 5:8 is adopted. During the construction, it is planned and arranged according to the "five rooms of Mingtang" in KAOGONGJI map, and built according to the order of "metal, wood, water, fire and earth", which is a unique architectural form combination.

Cultural relics

The first Tulou in tianluokeng Tulou group is called Buyun building. The square building, located in the flower center of "plum blossom", was built in the first year of Jiaqing (1796) of Qing Dynasty. It has three floors, 26 rooms on each floor and four stairs. It is named Buyun, which means that future generations will make a fortune from then on, and their official career will be promoted step by step.

Buyun tower builds the middle hall into a ladder shape along the high and low terrain. When people enter the gate, they can experience the feeling of "rising step by step", which not only highlights the important position of ancestral hall, but also places their good wishes of "rising steadily".

When the Buyun building was built, the Huang people immediately started to build a new round building, called Hechang building, on the upper right side of the building. It is three stories high, with 22 rooms on each floor and two stairs.

In 1930, the Huang people built Zhenchang building on the top left of Buyun building, with three floors and 26 rooms on each floor.

In 1936, the Huang people built Ruiyun building on the lower right side of Buyun building, with three floors and 26 rooms on each floor.

The last Wenchang building, built in 1966, is an oval building with three floors and 32 rooms on each floor.

Cultural Activity

Myths and anecdotes

The original name of tianluokeng village was tianliaokeng village. It is said that Huang baisanlang, the ancestor of tianluokeng, was drenched by the sudden rain one day when he was raising ducks in tianluokeng. He wanted to find a place to take shelter from the rain, but he heard a cry for help. Huang baisanlang rushed to the pit in the rain, but only his voice disappeared. Huang baisanlang found that the sound came from a snail in the pit. When Huang baisanlang picked up the snail, the snail turned into a fairy girl and claimed to be a snail girl. Later, Huang baisanlang got married with Tianluo girl. With the help of Tianluo girl, Huang baisanlang became a rich gentleman from a young duck farmer. Huang baisanlang named xiaoshankeng tianluokeng in order to let his children and grandchildren remember the merits of tianluogirl.

Arts and culture

Luo Zhewen, head of the expert group on the protection of ancient Chinese architecture, once left a poem when he visited the Tulou: "the Tulou house beside tianluokeng, the mist is scattered and the clouds are shining. Looking down, it looks like a flower. Looking down, it looks like Potala. Or the flying saucer from Yunyu, also known as Luban ink flower. It seems that this group of buildings is rare in the world, and global architecture is a wonderful work. "

Activity construction

In 2018, the film "Gutian bugle" was shot in tianluokeng Tulou group scenic spot of Nanjing County.

Cultural relic value

Tianluokeng Tulou group is built in the order of "gold, wood, water, fire and earth". Because of its unique combination of architectural forms, it is called "wonderful flower of World Architecture" by Luo Zhewen, leader of Chinese ancient architecture protection expert group,

Tianluokeng earth building group is a model of Hakka Earth Building Group in Fujian.

Cultural relics protection

In 1996, the people's Government of Fujian Province announced tianluokeng Tulou group as the fourth batch of provincial cultural relics protection units.

In May 2001, tianluokeng Tulou group, as a part of Fujian Tulou group, was listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

On July 7, 2008, Fujian Tulou group, including tianluokeng Tulou group, was listed in the world cultural heritage list by UNESCO, becoming the 36th World Heritage site in China.

Tourism information

address

Tianluokeng Tulou group is located in Nanjing, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province

Chinese PinYin : Tian Luo Keng Tu Lou Qun