Huairou Reservoir

Huairou reservoir with beautiful scenery was built in 1958. Located in the west of Huairou County, surrounded by mountains, it has 10000 mu of water surface and 96.7 million cubic meters of storage capacity. All year round, blue waves ripple. The reservoir area is surrounded by 3200 mu of mountain forest with needle and broad leaves. When you look at it, you can see green mountains and lush vegetation. Huairou autumn color, layers of forest do dye, Man Shan red, unique style.

Huairou Reservoir

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

to examine

.

Huairou reservoir is one of the main water conservancy projects in the suburbs of Beijing. It is located on the four sides of Huairou County in Beijing, with a storage area of 12 square kilometers and a total storage capacity of 100 million cubic meters. The dam was started on March 9, 1958 and completed on July 19, 1958, lasting 130 days. After the heightening of the main dam in 1990, the total storage capacity was 140 million cubic meters.

The reservoir belongs to Huaihe River system, a tributary of Chaobai River, at the intersection of huaijiu River and Huaisha river. After the completion of the reservoir, in addition to normal flood control, water storage and other functions, it will become an important water source and storage area in Beijing. Water will be transported to Beijing through Jingmi diversion canal, which is also the node project of South to north water diversion.

As of 6:00 a.m. on July 23, 2016, Huairou Reservoir in Beijing has exceeded the flood limit.

Quick navigation

Panorama

Reservoir characteristics

Huairou reservoir is one of the main water conservancy projects in the suburbs of Beijing. It is located on the four sides of Huairou County in Beijing. It has a controlled drainage area of 540 square kilometers, a water storage area of 12 square kilometers and a total storage capacity of 100 million cubic meters. The dam was started on March 9, 1958 and completed on July 19, 1958, lasting 130 days. After the heightening of the main dam in 1990, the total storage capacity was 140 million cubic meters.

Main buildings

It mainly includes the main dam, auxiliary dam, spillway, water conveyance tunnel, water inlet, sluice and other projects.

The main dam is a sand gravel earth dam with clay inclined wall, which is 1038 meters long, reaching Qilong mountain in the East and Fengshan mountain in the West. The maximum dam height is 21 meters, the dam crest width is 5 meters, the dam crest elevation is 66 meters, and the dam body filling volume is 1.44 million cubic meters. Most of the anti-seepage grooves are built on the cohesive soil layer 6 meters deep below the riverbed, and some of them are about 14 meters deep.

There are three auxiliary dams, all of which are homogeneous clay dams. Among them, the No.1 auxiliary dam was originally located at the entrance of Huairou County to shayuchuan, with a maximum height of 10 meters and a length of 120 meters; the No.2 auxiliary dam was originally located at the intersection of Diaoyutai, with a maximum height of 3.5 meters and a length of 220 meters; the No.3 auxiliary dam was 22 meters and a length of 80 meters.

The East spillway is set at the foot of the west side of Longshan at the east end of the main dam. After it was completed in 1958, it was rebuilt in 1964. It is equipped with two 7.4M x 4.3m radial steel gates, with the crest elevation of 58m and the maximum discharge of 401m3 / s. A second reconstruction was carried out in 1990. The West spillway, built in 1964, is located at the west end of the main dam. The total length of excavation is 750 meters, with two 12 m x 6.3 m radial gates, and the maximum discharge capacity is 890 cubic meters per second.

On the west side of the main dam, there is a water conveyance tunnel. The tunnel has a diameter of 2.5 meters and a length of 101 meters. There is a water tower at the entrance and a gate of 2.5 meters x 2.5 meters. The daily floor elevation is 52 meters and the maximum flood discharge is 52 cubic meters per second. It is a dual-purpose facility for irrigation and flood discharge.

Reservoir water system

Huairou reservoir is located at the outlet of Huaihe gorge, a tributary of Chaobai River, and at the intersection of huaijiu River and Huaisha river.

Huaihe River mainly flows through Huairou District of Beijing. Above Huairou reservoir, it is composed of huaijiu River and Huaisha river. Huaijiu River and Huaisha River originally converged in the west of the county. Huairou reservoir was built in 1958. The two tributaries confluence in the reservoir. After leaving the reservoir, it is Huaihe River, which runs through Huairou District and passes through Shijiakou to the south of Chaobai River. Huaihe River was once called Xida River, Chaoli River and Qidu river. After the completion of Huairou reservoir, it will be changed into Huaihe River. The total length of Huaihe River is 80.9 km from the upper source of huaijiu River, the longest tributary, 64 km in Huairou, with a drainage area of 1042.6 square km and 578.3 square km in Huairou, with a longitudinal slope of 2.1-2.4/1000. After the construction of Huairou reservoir, the lower reaches of Huaihe River still bear the flood discharge task of Huairou reservoir.

Construction and maintenance

Initial construction process

In late February 1958, Huairou reservoir construction headquarters was jointly organized by Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality. The migrant workers came from 3477 agricultural cooperatives in 12 counties, including Huairou, Shunyi, Tongxian, Sanhe, Xianghe, Dachang, Daxing, yin'an, Jixian, Pinggu and Miyun, with a total of 63273 people. In addition, 455 workers, 5000 PLA officers and 1181 students participated in the construction work.

On February 18, 1958, it was decided to build Huairou reservoir. On March 9, the commencement ceremony was held outside the East spillway of the dam. In the form of private and public assistance, tens of thousands of migrant workers brought 40800 carts, 25400 baskets, 49800 shovels and pickaxes, 1023 carriages, 1943 large livestock, 76000 reed mats and 122000 kg ropes. The state only subsidized food expenses of 0.4 yuan per person per day. All the migrant workers do not change shifts for more than 100 days. The earth and stone materials on the dam rely on human carts and carriages to complete day and night. The rolling tools are only one 1.75-ton rammer, 66 rolling machines, 200 Luqiao, and a few tractors, bulldozers, stone rammers, etc. The construction of the two auxiliary dams was postponed to the later stage due to the lack of labor. The dam site of No.3 auxiliary dam, which is responsible for shiding diversion, did not start to cut off the flow until June 28. At that time, it was the rainy season. By the beginning of July, the water level of the reservoir was rising rapidly. The unfinished No.2 auxiliary dam could not withstand the flood. The diversion mouth was only 200 meters away from the county seat, and the county seat and downstream villages were in danger. The cadres and the masses fought day and night to build a temporary flood dam at the No. 3 auxiliary dam with more than 40000 straw bags, which for the first time resisted the flood attack since the construction of the reservoir. The intake gate and water conveyance tunnel were completed on July 7 and July 15 respectively, and the next course of spillway and stilling basin was completed on September 16. The total volume of earth rock, concrete and other works completed in this construction project is about 2 million cubic meters, the total labor force is about 6 million man days, and the actual investment is about 4.8 million yuan. During the construction, many moving deeds emerged. On June 26, 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai visited the construction site, went deep into the labor force to express sympathy to the migrant workers, and personally inscribed "Huairou reservoir". On July 20, 1958, the dam was completed and the completion ceremony was held. Bo Yibo, vice premier of the State Council, attended the meeting and cut the ribbon for the completion ceremony.

Huairou reservoir is built in 8 villages, including Diaoyutai, pangetai and yanggechang, with 576 households and 2572 people moving out of the reservoir.

Reconstruction and reinforcement

In August 1963, the Ministry of water and electricity of the people's Republic of China reviewed the Huairou reservoir and concluded that the reservoir should be a second-class hydraulic structure, and the flood control standard should be designed in a century and checked in a thousand years. The original hydrological calculation overestimates the effect of water and soil protection in the upper reaches, the peak value of design flood is small, the construction standard of long auxiliary dam is low, and the flood season is not safe. In 1963, the Beijing Municipal Government approved the reconstruction of the reservoir, which was designed by the Municipal Design Institute. The municipal water conservancy engineering corps, Huairou County and Pinggu County jointly organized the construction.

Reconstruction project content: expansion of East spillway and construction of West spillway. The East spillway will be reconstructed with the original spillway surface and stilling basin, the downstream side wall and anti scour groove will be built, the original spillway embankment will be renovated, the hoist will be converted into manual and electric machine, the lining of the inlet section of the water conveyance tunnel and the access road between the tunnel intake tower and the main dam will be reconstructed, and a new normal gate will be built. Renovate the original dam crest and dam surface revetment stone, carry out anti-seepage treatment for the right dam head and dam foundation, and renovate the intake gate, etc.

The whole reconstruction project was basically completed at the end of December 1964. A total of 77000 cubic meters of stone excavation, 343900 cubic meters of earthwork, 25600 cubic meters of reinforced concrete and 23700 cubic meters of masonry were completed, with a total labor of 627700 T / D and an investment of about 5 million yuan.

The main dam and auxiliary dam of the reservoir were heightened and reinforced twice in 1976 and 1990. When the first heightening was carried out in 1976, the main dam was heightened by 1m, the crest elevation of the dam was increased from 65m to 66m, and the crest of the wave wall was increased from 66m to 67.2m. The total heightening of the two auxiliary dams is 2m. The total labor of the whole project is 121000 man days, and the investment is 850000 yuan. After this heightening, in case of a flood once in a thousand years, when the water level exceeds the elevation of 65 meters, the flood still needs to be naturally diverted from the hilly land of the long auxiliary dam about 900 meters north of No. 1 auxiliary dam, and discharged into Yanqi River along the northeast of the county. In order to solve the problem thoroughly, with the approval of the State Council, the second main dam heightening project of 1m was carried out in 1990.

Engineering benefit

With the development of the capital construction, the contradiction of insufficient urban water supply has become increasingly prominent. In 1960, Miyun reservoir was built, and Baihe diversion canal was expanded into Jingmi diversion canal, connecting Huairou reservoir and extending downstream. It has become an important channel for water supply across Miyun, Huairou, Shunyi, Changping, Strait and other counties to Beijing. Huairou reservoir has become a large regulating reservoir for Miyun reservoir to supply water to Beijing. The joint operation of Miyun reservoir, Huairou reservoir and Jingmi diversion canal partly solved the problems of industrial water, domestic water and water consumption in Beijing, as well as the problems of capital state organs, foreign embassies in China and other agencies and all sectors of society

Chinese PinYin : Huai Rou Shui Ku