Chinese bellflower

Chinese bellflower

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Fu Shu, Bai Yao, Li Ru, gengcao, Lu Ru (Wupu materia medica), Fang Tu, Mao Qi (BIE Lu), kugeng (Danxi Xinfa), kuplatycodon grandiflorum (compendium), Dayao (Jiangsu Zhi Yao Zhi).

[source] it is the root of Platycodon grandiflorum.

[plant morphology] Platycodon grandiflorum, also known as "Baobu flower", "four leaf vegetable", "sand rape" and "mountain bell flower".

Perennial herb, 30-90cm high, smooth and glabrous. Roots fleshy, cylindrical, or branched. Stem erect, simple or branched. The leaves are nearly sessile, the leaves in the middle and lower parts of the stem are opposite or 3-4 in whorls, and the leaves in the upper part of the stem are sometimes alternate; the leaves are ovate lanceolate, 3-6 cm long and 1-2.5 cm wide, apex pointed, base cuneate or suborbicular, margin serrate. Flowers are solitary on the top of stem, or a few flowers are sparsely racemes; calyx campanulate, apex 5-lobed; corolla campanulate, blue purple, 3-5cm in diameter, 5-lobed, lobes triangular; stamen 5, filaments short, base enlarged, anthers surrounding style; ovary half inferior, 5-locular, stigma 5-lobed, involute, white pilose. Fruit obovate, 5-valved apically when ripe. Seeds ovate, 3-ribbed. The flowering period is from July to September. The fruit period is from August to October.

It is wild in the grass on the hillside. It is distributed in most areas of China.

The rhizome of this plant (Platycodon grandiflorum) is also used for medicine. See special section for details.

[collection] harvest in spring and autumn, and harvest in autumn is the best. After digging, remove the leaves, wash the soil, soak in water, scrape off the skin and dry in the sun. In case of rain, it should be dried immediately.

[medicinal material] the dry roots are long spindle or cylindrical. The lower part is tapering, sometimes divergent and slightly curved, with rhizome (reed head) at the top and many semilunar stem marks (reed bowl) on it. The total length is 6-30 cm and the diameter is about 0.5-2 cm. The surface is white or light brown, wrinkled, with horizontal lines on the upper part, longitudinal grooves on the whole body, especially on the lower part, and lenticel like root marks similar to white or light brown, slightly extending horizontally. It is hard and brittle, easy to break, with white to brown section, slightly granular, radial cracks, narrow skin, obvious cambium, light brown, white wood, and no pith in the center. No gas, taste slightly sweet and then bitter. It is better to be thick and uniform, solid, white and bitter. The color is gray and the quality is inferior.

All over the country. It is mainly produced in Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Liaoning, Jilin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other places.

[chemical constituents] the root contains saponins. The known constituents are polygalaric acid, platycodin and glucose. It also contains spinasterol, α - spinasterol DIL - β - D-glucoside, Δ 7-stigmasterol, betulin, inulin and Platycodon grandiflorum. Three triterpenoids were obtained from Platycodon grandiflorum: platycodonic acid A, B, and C.

The flower contains delphinin-3-di-caffeoylurulose-5-glucoside.

(1) expectorant effect

The secretion of airway mucus in anesthetized dogs was significantly increased after oral administration of 1 g / kg decoction, and the effect intensity was comparable to that of ammonium chloride. It was also reported that its effect was stronger than that of Polygala tenuifolia, and weaker than that of Polygala tenuifolia by phenol red excretion assay. It can also promote the secretion of airway mucus in anesthetized cats. The expectorant effect is mainly caused by the saponins contained in it. When the dosage is small, it can stimulate the gastric mucosa and cause mild nausea, thus reflexively increasing the secretion of bronchus. According to the comparison of hemolysis, it is considered that wild Platycodon grandiflorum is more effective than cultivated Platycodon grandiflorum. The effect of non peeled Platycodon grandiflorum is much stronger than peeled Platycodon grandiflorum. The effect of purple flower is slightly greater than that of white flower. The effect of 2-year growth is the strongest, followed by 1-year growth, and 3-year growth is the least. Compared with Polygala tenuifolia, Platycodon grandiflorum has weaker hemolysis.

② Other functions

Oral administration of water or alcohol extract of Platycodon grandiflorum can reduce blood glucose in rabbits. The effect of reducing blood glucose is more significant in rabbits with diabetes induced by alloxan. The decrease of liver glycogen can be recovered after administration. Platycodon grandiflorum saponin can reduce the content of cholesterol and increase the secretion of steroids and gallic acid in the liver of rats, thus affecting the metabolism of cholesterol. In vitro, the water extract had inhibitory effect on Epidermophyton flocculent.

[toxicity] Platycodon grandiflorum saponin has hemolytic effect and can not be used for injection. After oral administration, Platycodon grandiflorum saponin hydrolyzes and destroys in digestive tract, that is, it has no hemolytic effect. The minimum lethal dose was 770 mg / kg.

[processing] clean the impurities, remove the reed head, wash and take out, slice and dry after moistening.

① "Lei Gong Paozhi Lun" says, "if you want to make Platycodon grandiflorum, you should remove the sharp and hard points on your head, two or three points have come, and attach branches on both sides, file them carefully, and soak them in lily water for one volt. Percolate out, slow fire boil to dry. For each practice, four Liang, five parts of raw lilies were used to make paste and put it into water. "

② "Compendium": "Platycodon grandiflorum, today but scrape off the floating skin. Soak rice swill overnight, slice and stir fry. "

[flavor] bitter, pungent and smooth.

① Ben Jing: "Xin, Wei Wen. "

② Bielu: "bitter, little poison. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "bitter, flat, non-toxic. "

[channel tropism] entering lung and stomach channels.

① "Tangye Materia Medica": "enter foot Shaoyin, hand Taiyin. "

② Pinhui Jingyao: "walking foot in Taiyin classic. "

③ In the book of Materia Medica, it is said that "we should start with Taiyin and Shaoyin, and enter the stomach meridian of Foot Yangming. "

[function indications] it can promote lung qi, expel phlegm and pus. Treatment of cough, sore throat, lung carbuncle spit pus, chest full hypochondriac pain, diarrhea abdominal pain.

① Ben Jing: "the chest and flank pain of the master is like stabbing, the abdomen is full, the bowel sounds quiet, and the fear palpitation Qi. "

② Bielu: "it benefits the five internal organs, intestines and stomach, replenishes blood gas, eliminates cold and heat, wind obstruction, warms the middle and eliminates the valley, and treats sore throat. "

③ According to the theory of medicinal properties, "it can treat dysentery, break blood, eliminate accumulation of Qi, eliminate accumulation of phlegm and saliva, control lung heat, promote coughing, eliminate abdominal cold and pain, control middle evil and infantile convulsion and epilepsy. "

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "all Qi, stop cholera, turn tendons, abdominal distension and pain, tonify five kinds of labor, Nourish Qi, eliminate pathogenic factors, dispel temperature, tonify deficiency and eliminate phlegm, break Baihuang, nourish blood and discharge pus, tonify internal leakage and throat obstruction. "

⑤ Ben Cao Yan Yi: "treating lung carbuncle. "

⑥ "Pearl bag": "treat sore throat, benefit lung qi, treat nasal obstruction. "

⑦ Li Gao: "it can benefit the chest and diaphragm, (treat) throat Qi obstruction and pain, break stagnant Qi and accumulation, (eliminate) wind heat in the lung, clear the leader and promote orifices. "

⑧ "Gangmu": "the main tongue ulcers, red eyes swelling pain. "

⑨ "Experience identification method of traditional Chinese medicine shape and nature": "prolactin. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1-2 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[should avoid] it should not be taken in patients with chronic cough due to yin deficiency, adverse Qi and hemoptysis.

① "Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu": "Wei Baiji, longan, Longdan. "

② "Medicine pair": avoid pork. Oyster and Polygala tenuifolia are used to cure the anger; Xiaoshi and plaster are used to cure typhoid fever. "

③ Zhu Zhenheng: "it's not suitable for those who are weak and angry. "

④ According to Fengyuan, yin deficiency cough should not be used for a long time, because it can relieve Yang. "

[prescription selection] ① for the treatment of lung carbuncle, cough and chest fullness, vibration of cold pulse number, dry throat without thirst, turbid saliva and fishy smell, long spitting pus such as rice porridge: Platycodon grandiflorum or two, licorice or two. On the two flavor, with water three liters, boil a liter, temperature and then take, then spit pus blood also. (Platycodon Decoction in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

② Treatment of phlegm cough asthma: Platycodon grandiflorum half. Pound Luo for powder, with half a liter of childish urine, decoct Sihe, remove dross and warm clothes. (brief aid to all)

③ Treatment of throat obstruction and toxic gas: Platycodon grandiflorum Liang. Three liters of water, boil one liter, take it. (qianjinfang)

④ Treatment of cold solid knot chest, no heat syndrome: Platycodon grandiflorum three points, Croton one point (peeled, heart, boil black, research such as fat), Fritillaria three points. The upper three flavors are powder. They are white drinks and kimonos. A strong man will have half a dagger, and those who win will be reduced. Disease in the diaphragm will vomit, in the diaphragm will benefit, adverse, into a cup of hot porridge, benefit more than, into a cup of cold porridge. (Bai San in Treatise on Febrile Diseases)

⑤ Treatment of typhoid ruffian Qi, chest full to die: Platycodon grandiflorum, Fructus aurantii (fried, to the shell) each one or two. File as big as rice beans, use 1.5 liter of water, fry in half, remove dross, take in two parts. (Su Shen Liang Fang Zhi Ke Tang)

⑥ Treatment of chancre: Platycodon grandiflorum, fennel, etc. Burn, grind and apply. (Yi Jian Fang for health)

⑦ The chest is full without pain. Divide it into Platycodon grandiflorum, Fructus aurantii, etc. Two cups of boiling water, one cup, warm.

⑧ Typhoid abdominal distension (Yin Yang disharmony). With Platycodon grandiflorum, pinellia, tangerine peel each three money, ginger five, fried water two cups, into a cup of service. This prescription is called "Platycodon tuber and Pinellia Decoction".

⑨ Sore throat. First take licorice soup, if not, then take Platycodon decoction.

⑩ The tongue is sore. The treatment is the same as above.

(11) swelling and pain of insect teeth. With Platycodon grandiflorum, Coix, etc., divided into the end, oral.

(12) alveolar wind (gingival swelling and pain). Grind it with Platycodon grandiflorum and mix it with jujube meat to make a ball, which is as big as soap horn. Wrapped in cotton, upper and lower teeth bite. It is often used to cough in Decoction of Schizonepeta tenuifolia.

Eye pain, dark eyes. With a jin of Platycodon grandiflorum, black lead cattle head three Liang, a total of fine research, add honey into a pill, such as Wuzi big. Take 40 pills each time and send them under warm water. Take it twice a day. This prescription is called "Platycodon grandiflorum pill".

(14) nosebleed. Grind with Platycodon grandiflorum and mix well with water. Take one teaspoon each, four times a day. Raw rhinoceros horn scraps can also be added to the medicine.

He vomited blood and bled under it. The treatment is the same as above.

(16) bruise and blood stasis. With Platycodon grandiflorum powder, each take a little, rice soup sent down.

The lower blood is like the color of chicken liver, which is excreted in a large amount, and the disease and fever are very dangerous. Grind with Platycodon grandiflorum, take one teaspoon each, and send down the wine. Three times a day. At the beginning, irrigation should be forced. About seven days later, the blood stopped. You can eat pig liver soup to improve your health. Rhinoceros horn can also be added to the medicine, and the dosage is equal to that of Platycodon grandiflorum.

(18) bad pregnancy (sudden abdominal pain). Use one or two Platycodon grandiflorum, file well, add three slices of ginger. Take it in a cup of water.

[famous treatise] 1. Compendium: "in Zhu's book of living men, we use Platycodon grandiflorum and cumulus to treat chest fullness without pain; in Zhang Zhongjing's treatise on febrile diseases, we use Platycodon grandiflorum, Bulbus Fritillariae and croton to treat chest fullness; in addition, we use Platycodon grandiflorum, Bulbus Fritillariae and Croton to treat lung carbuncle and saliva pus

Chinese PinYin : Ju Geng