Marx

Karl Marx

Karl Marx, whose full name is Karl Heinrich Marx (German: Karl Heinrich Marx, May 5, 1818-march 14, 1883), is one of the founders of Marxism, the organizer and leader of the first international, one of the founders of Marxist political parties, the revolutionary mentor of the proletariat and the working people all over the world, the spiritual leader of the proletariat, and the international communism The founder of the movement.

Marx is a German thinker, political scientist, philosopher, economist, revolutionary theorist, historian and sociologist. His main works include capital, Manifesto of the Communist Party, etc. The well-known philosophy founded by Marx is historical materialism, and his greatest desire is the comprehensive and free development of the individual. Marx founded the economic theory "capital", and Marx established his principle of elaboration as "critique of political economy". In Marx's view, this is a "principle of political economy". Marx believed that the destruction of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable. The Marxist theory co founded by him and Engels is regarded as a theoretical weapon and action guide to guide the working people all over the world to struggle for the realization of socialist and communist ideals.

Life of the characters

Study in early years

Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 in a lawyer's family in Trier City, Rhine Province, Prussian kingdom of German Confederation. His grandfather, Rabin Marc levy, was a Jewish jurist. His father, Hirsch Karl Marx, later renamed Heinrich Marx, was born in 1782. He married a Dutch Jewish woman, Henriette presborck, and had many children. However, according to a document confirming the heir, only Karl Marx was born· Marx and his three daughters Sofia, Emile and Louisa survived. In October 1830, Marx entered Trier middle school. After graduating from high school, he entered the University of Bonn and transferred to the University of Berlin to study law at the age of 18. However, most of his study focuses on philosophy and history. In 1840, Frederick William IV, the new king of Prussia, ascended the throne, persecuted Liberal Democrats, required all publications to pass strict examination, and the University lost academic freedom. F.w.von Schelling, a professor of Berlin University appointed by the new king, would examine Marx's doctoral thesis, but the position of philosophy higher than Theology in Marx's doctoral thesis could not be criticized by anti Hegelian professors Therefore, Marx sent his doctoral dissertation to Jena University in the Grand Duchy of Saxony Weimar Eisenach for examination. In 1841, Marx applied for a degree with his thesis "the difference between Democritus' natural philosophy and Epicurus' natural philosophy", which was unanimously approved by the Committee and was not further defended, so he successfully obtained a doctor of philosophy from the University of Jena. After graduation, as editor in chief of the Rhine, he encountered the famous "forest theft problem" in the history of Marx's thought.

Revolutionary career

At the beginning of the 19th century, the industrial revolution swept through Germany, which promoted the development of the Junker landlord economy and aggravated the poverty of the lower class working people. Hunger drives some wild people to the forest and pasture to pick up dead fruit. Although there are severe punishments in the criminal code of Prussia in 1826 for felling and stealing trees without authorization, the above incidents are still increasing. And many people do this in order to be sent to the detention center to get a prison ration. It is hunger and homelessness that force people to violate forest management regulations. In 1836, 150000 people were punished in Prussia, accounting for 77% of all criminal cases. In the face of this rather severe social situation, the rulers of Prussia did not look for the root of the problem and the solution from the social system level. Instead, they issued a more stringent act, which upgraded people's picking up dead branches, picking wild fruits and other acts that only violated the forest management regulations into theft crimes and gave criminal punishment. According to the minutes of the sixth Rhine provincial council meeting in 1841, Marx wrote the article "debate on forest theft law" in October of the next year, condemning the legislature for favoring the interests of forest owners and depriving the poor of their customary rights such as picking up dead branches, and systematically put forward his own forest legislation concept. the Prussian government was very angry with the views expressed by the Rhine. They immediately sent people to seal up the Rhine and force it to stop printing. In a rage, Marx resigned as editor in chief of the newspaper. Marx did not regret what he had done. On the contrary, he recognized the ugliness of the government and continued to fight against it. In 1843, the king of Prussia revoked the publishing license of rhein, because Marx published an article criticizing the Russian czar in the newspaper, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Russian Czar Nicholas I. after receiving the protest from the Czar, the king of Prussia ordered to ban rhein, so Marx lost his job. During this period, Marx met Friedrich Engels. Engels is the son of the factory owner, but he appreciates Marx's ideas very much. He often pays money to support Marx's activities and life. Marx is serious and rigorous in his study, but his life is casual. He often delays the manuscripts to be handed over to the newspaper. Engels often assists Marx in his work and writes some articles for him.

marriage and family

Jennie Marx (February 12, 1814 - December 2, 1881) was born in a famous family in Trier. Her original name was Johanna "Jenny" Bertha Julie von westphalen. She was a German sociologist and the wife of Karl Marx, a proletarian and Communist thinker. Yanni von westwarren's home is only a few minutes away from Marx's. In the late summer of 1836, Marx, a freshman studying law at the University of Bonn, went back to Trier to propose to his beloved girl. Yanni and 18-year-old Marx made a lifelong commitment. According to the custom at that time, this was unprecedented. Yanni, who was born into a noble family and has a beautiful life, is recognized as the most beautiful girl and "Prom Queen" of terrier. Many handsome young aristocrats are attracted by her. There are many suitors. There is no doubt that she can enter into a prosperous marriage. But she despised all the traditional ideas of the society and betrothed herself to the children of a citizen class without telling her parents. She could not predict the future of living with Marx. Marx thought that he could not formally propose to Yanni in front of her father, who was the Privy counsellor. So, at first, he could only confide in his father. He believed that his father would prepare for a successful courtship in front of Yanni's parents. In October 1836, Marx transferred from the University of Bonn not far from home to the University of Berlin far away from home, which meant that they had to wait for a long time to be loyal to each other. In Berlin, because of the emotional agitation, the love of "yearning" and the suspense and anxiety, Marx was once influenced to study wholeheartedly. He once told his father frankly that he had "fallen into real unrest" because he was far away from the Mossel Valley, far away from his "infinitely beautiful Yanni". It wasn't suspicion that bothered him, because he never doubted Yanni's love. It was just the thought of having to be separated from her for a long time that made him feel very heavy. Therefore, at the age of 18, Marx wrote poems to express his feelings and aspirations. Most of Marx's poems eulogize Yanni and pour out his admiration for her, but many of them express his own thoughts and desire to make a difference. On April 15, 1841, Marx got his Ph.D. in advance. As soon as the young Ph.D. arrived at Trier, he rushed to his beloved's home and delivered his doctoral thesis to Yanni's father. After years of separation, Yanni and Marx had planned to get married immediately. However, a doctoral dissertation alone can not be used as the basis for making a living, so he and Yanni have to give up the idea of marriage and continue to wait. From April 1842, Marx began to write for the Rhine newspaper. In October 1842, the shareholders of the Rhine newspaper appointed Marx. In March 1843, Marx was forced to withdraw from the Rhine newspaper. He then negotiated with Arnold Lugar about a plan to work together on publishing. After that, on June 19, 1843, he went to croznaher (Yanni moved to this place with her mother after her father died in March 1842), and married Yanni von westphalen, who had been waiting for him for seven years and was born in 1814 in a German noble (Baron) family. From their private engagement to their union, Yanni had been waiting for a long seven years. In the past seven years, except for a few gatherings with her fiance max, she could only accompany him from afar with her thoughts and letters. In a letter to Marx, she wrote: "how brilliant and magnificent your image is in front of me! How I long for you to be by my side from my heart. My heart, how full of joy

Chinese PinYin : Ma Ke Si