Sima Yan
Sima Yan
Sima Yan (236-290, May 16) was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi prefecture (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). The founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty (265-290), the grandson of Sima Yi, the Xuandi of the Jin Dynasty, the eldest son of Sima Zhao, the Wendi of the Jin Dynasty, and the stepfather (cousin) of Sima Rui, the Yuandi of the Jin Dynasty, whose mother is Wang Yuanji, the queen of civilization.
Sima Yan came from the Sima family in Hanoi. At the beginning, he became an official in the shadow of the gate and became the Marquis of the pavilion in Beiping. Later, Cao Huan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty of Wei Dynasty, was granted the title of Zhongfu army. He was granted the title of Marquis of Xinchang Township and paid homage to the general of Fu army and the son of the state of Jin. Xianxi two years (265), worship prime minister, Xifeng king of Jin. In December of the second year of Xianxi reign (February 8, 266), Sima Yan forced Cao huanchan, emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, to ascend to the throne of emperor. He named the state Jin and changed the name of the Yuan Dynasty to Taishi.
At the beginning of his reign, he reformed politics and revitalized economy. It is known as "the rule of Taikang" in the history that economy and society prosper by practicing thrift, carrying out the rule of law, issuing household pattern and promoting population growth. In the fifth year of Xianning (279), the "war of Jin against Wu" was launched to realize the national unification. Since then, extravagance, laziness, enfeoffment of the kings, for the "eight kings of chaos" hidden trouble.
In the first year of Taixi reign (May 16, 290), Sima Yan died of illness at the age of 55. He was named Emperor Wu and his temple was named Shizu. He was buried in junyang mausoleum.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Sima Yan, the eldest son of Sima Zhao, a powerful minister of the Wei Dynasty, once served in the central Fu army. Sima Zhao intended to let his youngest son Sima you succeed to the throne. However, under the opposition of all the officials, Sima Yan was canonized as the prince of Jin in 265. In August of the same year, Sima Zhao died of a stroke, and Sima Yan inherited his father's prime minister position and the title of king of Jin.
Ascend to the throne as Emperor
In December of the second year of Xianxi (February 8, 266), Sima Yan forced Cao Huan, emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, to ascend to the throne. He named the state Jin, which was called the Western Jin Dynasty in history, and changed the second year of Xianxi to the first year of Taishi.
In 266, the second year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty, Yang Yan, a concubine, was made queen.
In 267, the second son Sima Zhong was appointed as the crown prince.
In 268, Sima Yan's mother, Empress Dowager Wang Yuanji, died and was buried in Chongyang mausoleum. In September, floods broke out in Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yanzhou and Yuzhou, and Yiluo came out of the river and opened granaries to help the victims.
In the sixth year of Taishi (270), the Marquis of Shouan pavilion was established as the king of Nangong; the prince Sima Cambodian was established as the king of Runan; Wu Xiakou governor and former general sun Xiu led his troops to surrender and served as the general of Hushi and Kaifu Yitong, and was granted the title of Kuaiji Gong.
In 273, Emperor Sima Zhi was appointed king of the East China Sea.
In 274, Yan Cong, the Northern General of Wu Guowei, Yan Zheng, the Yangwei general, and Zhu Mai, the partial general, surrendered. In the same year, they dug up the mountains in southern Shaanxi and determined the Yellow River, which flowed eastward into Luoshui to make the water transport smooth.
In the first year of Xianning (275), Emperor Xuandi Sima Yi was regarded as emperor Gaozu, Emperor Jingdi simashi as emperor Shizong, and Emperor Wendi simazhao as emperor Taizu.
In the second year of Xianning (276), Yang Zhi (Yang Yantang's younger sister) was made queen; Wu generals Shao Kai and Xia Xiang led more than 7000 people to surrender.
In the third year of Xianning (277), Sima Liang, king of Fufeng, was renamed king of Runan, Sima Gu, king of Dongguan, king of Langxie, king of Ruyin, king of Fufeng, king of Langxie, king of Malan, king of Zhao, king of Bohai, king of Taiyuan, king of Taiyuan, king of Hejian, king of Beihai, king of Maling, king of Rencheng, king of Chen, king of Xihe and king of Runan Ma Cambodian was renamed king of Nanyang, Sima Dan king of Jinan was renamed king of Zhongshan, and Sima Wei king of Hejian was renamed king of Zhangwu; Prince Sima Wei was named king of Shiping, Sima Yun was named king of Puyang, Sima Gai was king of Xindu, Sima Ya was king of Qinghe, and juping Marquis Yang Hu was Marquis of Nancheng; the wind pulled up the tree, and the weather suddenly became cold, and five prefectures were frosted, which hurt the grain.
In the fourth year of Xianning (278), there were many earthquakes in Yinping and Guangwu. The imperial physician Ma Cheng presented the pheasant head fur. The emperor banned the pheasant head fur from spreading and burned it in front of the hall because of the ceremony of strange skills and different clothes. General Liu Fan and General Li Wu surrendered.
In 279 of Xianning and 280 of Taikang, Jin sent a large army to attack Wu, and the eastern Wu perished. From then on, the situation of the Three Kingdoms was ended.
In the first year of Taikang (280), hail broke out in Hedong, Gaoping, Sanhe, Weijun, Hongnong and many other places, which hurt the crops. The household mode was implemented, including the system of occupying land, household mode and the system of occupying land by officials.
In the second year of Taikang (281), there were earthquakes in Huainan and Danyang, five counties attached to Dongyi, and sixteen counties. Hail and strong wind pulled up trees and destroyed people's houses. There were floods in Jiangxia and Taishan, and there were more than 300 people in exile. Shangdang encountered another storm and hail. Comets appeared near Zhanghe and Xuanyuan.
In the third year of Taikang (282), Anbei general Yan Xun defeated Murong in Changli, killing tens of thousands of people.
In the fourth year of Taikang (283), many kings died and a solar eclipse took place. There were floods in gunzhou, Henan, Jingzhou and Yangzhou, and more than 2000 villages belonged to the mainland.
In 289, muronghe surrendered to Jin Dynasty.
During Sima Yan's reign, he granted kings with the same surname, took the county as the country, and set up soldiers, hoping to maintain each other and defend the central government. Sima Yan took a series of economic measures to develop production, repeatedly ordered the county officials to advise the farmers and mulberry, and strictly prohibited private tenants. The former people of Wu Shu area were recruited to the north to enrich the north, and the system of tuntian was abolished, so that the tuntian people became the County households. During the Taikang period, there was a prosperous scene. In view of the strict administration, decadent customs and extravagant life in the late period of the Cao Wei Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty was "benevolent and thrifty". Those who could not survive by themselves were given five branches to the valley people to avoid debt. He ordered the prefectures to patrol the counties, and was able to accommodate the outspoken words. He also attached great importance to the law, personally explained to the people the laws and decrees revised by Jia Chong and others, and personally heard and recorded the prisoners.
Death
After the extermination of Wu, Sima Yan gradually became lazy in his political affairs. In order to consolidate the imperial power, he granted the royal family a great deal, and made the kings command the army and the horses. However, after the death of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, the kings fought against each other for the power of the central government, forming a 16 year civil war, which was known as the eight kings' rebellion in history.
In the first year of Taixi (290), Sima Yan was seriously ill and did not entrust the state affairs to the important officials. All the meritorious officials of the founding of the country had passed away. The court officials were in a state of panic and had nothing to do. Yang Jun (the father of Yang Zhi), the father of the state, rejected Gongqing and ministers, personally served around Sima Yan, and took the opportunity to replace Gongqing and promote his confidants. Sima Yan's condition slightly improved. Seeing that the people Yang Jun used were not right, he seriously said to Yang Jun, "how can we do this?" So he issued an edict to Zhongshu, calling Sima Liang, king of Runan, and Yang Jun to assist the royal family. Afraid of losing his power and trust, Yang Jun borrowed the imperial edict from Zhongshu and hid it. Zhongshu Jianhua was afraid and asked Yang Jun for an imperial edict in person, but Yang Jun didn't give it. Two days later, Sima Yan was critically ill. Yang Zhi asked Yang Jun to assist him. Sima Yan nodded. So empress Yang called Hua Luo and he Shao to convey Sima Yan's will orally, and asked them to make an imperial edict. After the imperial edict was written, Yang Zhi, Hua Yao and he Shao presented it to Sima Yan. After reading it, Sima Yan didn't speak and died two days later. He was 55 years old and was buried in junyang mausoleum.
Political initiatives
Politics
In 265, Sima Zhao died. Sima Yan inherited the throne of prime minister and Jin Dynasty, and took over the military and political power of the whole country. After careful preparation, in December of the same year, he imitated Cao Pi's story of the Han Dynasty to prepare for his accession to the throne. After Sima Yan took over the post of prime minister, some people were instructed by Sima Yan to persuade the Wei emperor Cao Huan to abdicate as soon as possible. Soon, Cao Huan issued an imperial edict, saying, "king of Jin, your family has helped the emperor from generation to generation, and has made more contributions than heaven. Sihai has been blessed by Sima family. Heaven wants me to give up the throne of emperor to you. Please comply with heaven's destiny and don't refuse!" But Sima Yan pretended to give in many times. He Zeng, a confidant of Sima Yan, and Jia Chong, a general of Wei, led the civil and military officials of the Manchu Dynasty to admonish again and again. Sima Yan accepted the abdication of Wei emperor Cao Huan after many times, and granted Cao Huan the title of Chen Liuwang. Sima Yan in the second year of Xianxi (265 years), ascended the throne of God, state name Jin, known as the Western Jin Dynasty. When the Yuan Dynasty was changed to the beginning of Tai Dynasty, Cao Wei died. But at this time, Sima Yan was not relaxed. He knew that although he ascended the throne, the crisis still existed.
Internally, in order to pave the way for the Sima family to seize the throne, his grandfather and father once brutally slaughtered the three clans headed by Cao Shuang and their affiliated forces. The shadow of this incident still lies in people's hearts. From the external point of view, although Shuhan was flat, Soochow was still there. Although Soochow was not enough to compete with Jin, it was also a big threat after all. In order to consolidate the political power and complete the great cause of annexing Soochow and unifying China, we must first strengthen the cohesion of the ruling group itself, and to achieve this goal, we must adopt the policy of tenderness. In the first year of his accession to the throne, Sima Yan issued an imperial edict to let the emperor of Wei, who had become the emperor of Chen Liu, carry the emperor's banners and conduct Wei zhengshuo. The system of rites and music for suburban worship of heaven and earth was the same as that of Wei. At the same time, he gave the son of Liu Chan, the Duke of Anle, a son-in-law, the Duwei. The next year, he released the confinement of the Han Dynasty. This not only eased the internal troubles of the court, especially the psychological fear of the Cao family, which had become the ruling object of the Sima family, but also stabilized the hearts of the Shu Han people and won the favor of the Wu people.
In order to make the country get rid of the turbulent environment as soon as possible and lay a solid foundation for reunification, inaction and loose policy became the founding spirit of the early Western Jin Dynasty. This kind of national spirit is fully reflected in various fields of the country. In 268, Sima Yan made it clear in his imperial edict that "in order to preserve the great Jin Dynasty forever, it is necessary for us to build a harmonious society
Chinese PinYin : Si Ma Yan
