Emperor Gong of Jin Dynasty

Sima Dewen

Sima Devon (386-421, November 2) was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi prefecture (now Wenxian County, Henan Province). The last emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the second son of Sima Yao, Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin Dynasty, and the younger brother of Sima Dezong, Emperor an of the Jin Dynasty.

At the beginning, he was granted the title of King Langxie, and successively served as the general of the Chinese army, general sanqichangshi, general Wei, Kaifu Yitong Sansi, Shizhong, situ Gong, Lushang Shushi, etc. When Wang Gong rebelled, he killed Zuo Fu and shot Wang Guobao. He led the troops to attack Huan Xuan and was defeated several times. After Jin'an emperor was killed, he succeeded to the throne and became emperor

Velen

.

Yuanxi two years (420 years). Zen is located in Liu Yu, the king of Song Dynasty, who was abolished as the king of Lingling Prefecture. In September of the same year, he was killed at the age of 36.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Sima Dewen was born in 386, the 11th year of the Taiyuan Dynasty. His mother was Chen guinu, Shuyuan (Empress Dowager of dehuang after Jin'an emperor ascended the throne). Sima Dewen was granted the title of King Langxie at the beginning, and then successively served as a general of the Chinese army, a regular official of Sanqi, a general of Wei, a third division of Kaifu Yitong, an official of Shizhong, an official of situ, and an official of Lu Shangshu. In the early years of Yuanxing, he moved to be a general of motorcycles. In the second year of Long'an (398), Wang Gong, the governor of Yanzhou, and Yu Kai, the governor of Yuzhou, led the rebellion because they were dissatisfied with Wang Guobao, the minister's left servant. Sima Dewen had to kill the Kingdom Baolai to calm the storm. In the third year of Long'an (399), Wang Gong and Yu Kai collaborated with Yin Zhongkan, the governor of Jingzhou, and Huan Xuan, the governor of Guangzhou, to rebel again. The rebels attacked Jiankang before they were resisted, and Wang Gong was killed. At the same time, sun en's rebels in Zhejiang and Jiangsu were also very powerful. In the fourth year of Long'an (400), sun en attacked Kuaiji. In 401, the Jin army attacked Jiakou, Linhai and Guangling. In the sixth year of Long'an (402), sun en directly threatened Jiankang. Jiankang was blockaded and the city suffered from famine. In the first year of Yongshi (403), Sima Dewen personally attacked Huan Xuan, and Sima Dewen was defeated several times. Huan Xuan made himself prime minister and Taiwei. In the same year, sun en was defeated by the Linhai prefect Xin Jing and committed suicide. Huan Xuan killed Sima Daozi on January 29th, the first year of Tiankang (404), and became the ruler of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the autumn of the same year, he called himself king of Chu and general. In addition, he was granted the title of Sima Devon as taizai, and was given the clothing of Yanmian and green ribbon. On December 31 of the same year, Huan Xuan usurped the throne, changed the name of the state to Chu, called Huan Chu by history, demoted Jin'an emperor to King Pinggu, and demoted Sima Devon to Shiyang county. On January 19, 405, the first year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sima Dewen and the Jin'an emperor were expelled from Jiankang and lived in Xunyang.

Powerful officials in power

On March 24, the first year of Yixi (405), Liu Yu raised his troops to attack Huan Xuan, who was defeated. Huan Xuan fled to Jiangling with Jin'an emperor and Sima Dewen. On June 19, Huan Xuan was killed, Jin'an emperor was emperor, Sima Devon was restored as king of Langxie, and Xuzhou governor, Da Sima and situ were added. On June 26, Huan Zhen, Huan Xuan's general, captured Jiangling, and Sima Dezong, Jin'an emperor, was captured. On March 2, the second year of Yixi (406), Sima Dezong, the emperor of Jin'an, broke away from the rebels again. Huan Xuan's rebellion finally destroyed the imperial power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Liu Yu became an important figure in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty. Since the eighth year of the reign of Yixi (412), Liu Yu has been in charge of the imperial court. He excluded and persecuted the ministers who disagreed with him, and ordered the emperor Jin'an to assassinate foreign officials. After Liu Yu was in power, Sima Dewen knew that Liu Yu had attempted to usurp the throne and kill Jin'an emperor. Moreover, Jin'an Emperor himself did not know whether he was hungry or cold, so Sima Dewen followed him around. Later, Sima Dewen became ill and moved out of the palace. On January 28, the 15th year of Yixi (419), Liu Yu sent Wang Shaozhi to kill Jin'an emperor. Liu Yu himself intended to call himself Emperor, but because of the divination that "there are two emperors after Changming (emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty)", Liu Yu changed his name to Yuanxi the next year in order to conform to the divination.

Death of Zen

At renxu in June of the second year of Yuanxi (July 5, 420), Liu Yu saw that the time was ripe, and ordered Fu Liang, a party disciple, to draft the imperial edict of Zen, and forced Sima to copy it. Sima Dewen accepted it gladly, wrote a copy of the imperial edict, and said to the left and right: "when Huan Xuan usurped the throne, the imperial family of Jin Dynasty had already lost the world. Because of the presence of Liu Gong (Liu Yu), it was only after nearly 20 years that the national throne was extended. I'm willing to do it today. " Two days later, Sima Dewen retreated to Langxie palace, and all officials bid farewell to the emperor of Jin, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty ended. After Liu Yu ascended the throne, he demoted Sima Devon to Lingling king and moved him to moling. Zhengshuo, chariots, clothes, etc. were in accordance with the specifications of Jin Dynasty, and were under the supervision of champion General Liu zunkao. Chu Xiuzhi and Chu Danzhi, the elder brothers of empress Sima Devon, were originally appointed Taichang Qing and Shizhong of Jin Dynasty. At this time, seeing the emperor and empress in trouble, they turned their back on the Lord to seek honor. They were willing to be Liu Yu's running dogs to help monitor the emperor and empress. Empress Chu gave birth to a son. Chu Xiu's brother killed the baby boy in accordance with Liu Yu's order. Liu Yu also wanted to do harm to Sima Dewen. Sima Dewen was frightened day and night. He shared a room with empress Chu all day long, and all the food and drink was done by Empress Chu himself, which made Liu Yu unable to do it for a while. In September of the second year of Yongchu (421), Liu Yu ordered Zhang Wei, the servant of Langya, to carry a bottle of poisonous wine and go to moling to kill Sima Dewen. Zhang Wei couldn't bear to murder his old master, but it was hard to explain when he went back, so he sighed: "it's better to die than to poison the master and let him live! "He killed himself on the road after drinking poisonous wine. Liu Yu was furious at the news. On November 10, he sent Chu Danzhi to visit empress Chu and ordered his own soldiers to follow behind. Queen Chu heard that her brother was coming and went out to meet her. The soldiers took the opportunity to cross the wall into Sima Devon's room, put the poisoned wine in front of him and forced him to drink quickly. Sima Dewen shook his head and refused to say: "the Buddhist doctrine says that people who commit suicide can no longer be reincarnated." The soldiers took him to bed, covered his face with a quilt, strangled him, and jumped off the wall. After Sima Devon was killed, he became posthumous

Emperor Gong

November, 1911 (December 16), buried in

Chongping Mausoleum

Liu Yu led the civil and military officials to the funeral.

Historical evaluation

In the book of Jin by Fang Xuanling and others: 1) when the emperor was young, he was quite patient and impatient ② "Since emperor an didn't benefit, every time he served, the news was warm and cool. On the day of sleeping and eating, he was respectful and respectful. What was the name of the time?" (3) "an Cheng Liu Zhu, the great thief Si Zhang. Respect is life, others are the key. Still exist Zhou Nan, the first to establish the king of Huai. If you respect false names, you will die with different skills. " 4 "if the world is subverted, then gonghuang is very serious. Yu Yue's people, Xundan acupoint, Kuaiji's partner, rather sigh into the minister. Go to the emperor's house and come back, sprinkle Dan Shu but don't hate. Five Yun you ge husband, three micro number, still high autumn withered wait, reason of nature. If you look at it, you will be able to make progress. " Hu Sansheng: since then, the king of abdication is rare.

Family members

parent

Father: Sima Yao, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty. mother: Chen guinv, Empress Dowager of Germany.

brothers and sisters

Sima Dezong: Emperor Jin'an, Princess Jinling: married to Xie an's grandson, Xie Yan's son Xie Hun, Princess Poyang: married to Wang Gu, the great grandson of Wang Dao

Wife and concubine

Chu Lingyuan, Chu Shuang's daughter, was born

The Chu family of Yang Zhai

For the first time

Princess Langxie

Sima Devon was granted the title of emperor

queen

After abdication, it was reduced to

Lingling Princess

The posthumous title is empress Gongsi.

daughter

Sima Maoying, Princess of Haiyan, married Prince Liu Yifu, and became a princess

wife of the crown prince

After the crown prince ascended the throne, he became Queen. The crown prince was demoted to the throne after being abandoned

Princess Yingyang

. After the Song Dynasty, Emperor Wen took Liu Lang as the king of Nanfeng, and succeeded the prince

Nanfeng Princess

. Sima, Princess Fuyang. references ()

Anecdotes and allusions

Shoot the horse

Sima Dewen was quite cruel and impatient when he was young. When he was in Langxie country, he even ordered people who were good at archery to shoot horses for entertainment. At that time, someone said: "Ma is the surname of the state, and you go to kill him yourself. This is very ominous." Sima Dewen understood this and regretted it.

Believing in Buddhism

Sima Devon believed in Buddhism. He once ordered to build a golden Buddha statue one foot and six inches high, and went to Waguan temple to welcome him.

Historical records

Chinese PinYin : Jin Gong Di