Li Chengliang

Li Chengliang

Li Chengliang (1526-1615), named Ruqi and Yincheng, was born in Tieling, Eastern Liaoning (now Tieling, Liaoning). He was a famous general in the late Ming Dynasty. His ancestors avoided Korea because of the turmoil in the late Tang Dynasty, and returned to Korea in the Ming Dynasty.

In the early Wanli period, Wang Gao and Zi Atai, the leaders of Nuzhen in Jianzhou, were defeated several times, including Tuman, the chief of the Han Dynasty, and sabahai, the chief of Taining; qingjialuo and Yang jiluo, the leaders of Yehe in Haixi, were killed. Li Chengliang has great talent. In the whole Ming Dynasty, when the generals were greedy and cowardly, and the border preparation was abandoned, they guarded Liaodong for 30 years, and led Liaodong's iron cavalry to play ten great victories successively. The military skill of the border commander was unprecedented in 200 years. However, he was so extravagant that he even made a false report of his military achievements that he was impeached. Wanli 19 years (1591) dismissed. In the following ten years, the eastern Liaoning Province became more and more relaxed. In 1601, Li Chengliang returned to his post at the age of 76. In the 34th year of Wanli (1606), Li Chengliang mistakenly abandoned Kuandian and other six fortresses, which had been built by him in the early years of Wanli and had already "gathered together for more than 64000 families". He moved more than 60000 families of his people to the mainland and used the army to drive the homesick people. Although it was condemned by the time, it made Liaodong stable again. He died in 1615. He was 90 years old. He was buried in the north of Yangshan (now near Beijing).

Life of the characters

The voice of the army began to rise

It is recorded in the history of Ming Dynasty that Li Ying, the great ancestor of Li Chengliang, moved from the Korean Peninsula to Tieling. His ancestors avoided Korea because of the turmoil in the late Tang Dynasty, and returned to China in the Ming Dynasty. For example, in the late Qing Dynasty, Zhang Binglin wrote a revolutionary declaration“

I wish Liao people will never forget Li Chengliang

”Li Chengliang is regarded as a national hero.

Li was born in Tieliang, Liaodong in 1526. When Li Chengliang was a boy, he was strong and strong, and had a lot of generals. Because of his poor family, he was born at the age of 40. In the first year of Longqing (1567), he was promoted to the post of deputy general of Liaoyang. Longqing four years (1570), was promoted to Liaodong governor Qian Shi, stationed in Guangning (now North Town City). From the late Jiajing period to the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty, the Tartars invaded Liaodong many times. In the following ten years, the three generals of Ming Dynasty died one after another. It was the autumn when the frontier was ready to be abandoned. When Li Chengliang came to office, he recruited four heroes to fight against the invasions of Mongolia and Nuzhen.

In May of the fifth year of Longqing (1571), the Mongolian army invaded Panshan post, and Li Chengliang commanded Su Chengxun to defeat the Mongolian army. After a while, the Mongolians invaded the country on a large scale. Li Chengliang stopped them in Zhuoshan, led his deputy general Zhao Wan and others to attack the local barbarians, cut off their heads and tails, took advantage of the victory to enter the camp of the local barbarians, killed two enemy ministers, and decapitated more than 580 levels. Jin Feng was the governor of the Department, and he inherited thousands of families from generation to generation. In October of the sixth year of Longqing (1572), Tumen 600 rode in the old Liaoyang Beihe camp, more than 200 miles away from the Ming Dynasty border, waiting for people and horses to gather and invade on a large scale. Li Chengliang beat them away. In the first year of Wanli (1573), they were defeated again in Qiantun. After that, he defeated the Mongol soldiers who had defeated the fortresses to the west of Tieling Town, and the Ming court put them in the second class. Duoyan Wulushan attacked the enemy by destroying the side wall with 4000 riders, and Li Chengliang drove them back.

Zhenfang Liaodong

In the first year of Wanli (1573), Li Chengliang, as the commander in chief of Liaodong, built six Kuandian fortresses after he defeated Mongolia. At this time, Jianzhou Nuzhen all commanded Wang Gao to exchange horse market in Fushun. Pei Chengzu, the Ming Dynasty's Imperial Guard, was lured and killed in the horse market. In the Ming Dynasty, the tribute market was cut off, and Li Chengliang planned to attack Wang Gao. In the second year of Wanli (1574), Wang Gao gathered the Tatar, Tumet and Taining tribes to harass Liaoyang and Shenyang, the important towns of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty. Li Chengliang's troops attacked the gule village where Wang Gao lived, and beheaded him more than 1000 times. Nuerhachi and his younger brother shuerhachi were captured, and they were taken in by Li Chengliang as servants.

In the spring of the third year of Wanli (1575), Tuman invaded changyongbao, which was defeated by Li Chengliang. In the winter of the same year, Chaohua, the leader of the five tribes of nekharka, gathered more than 20000 riders from Tatar heishitan, Huangtaiji, buyantaizhou, yierdeng, nuantu, gongtu and dular to invade the south of Pinglu fort. Deputy general Cao Zhen led his troops to attack. Tatars turned to Shenyang and saw that there were Ming army battalions outside Shenyang, so they stationed in gaodun, Northwest China. Li Chengliang went to challenge and used firearms to attack the Mongolian army. Mongolia was defeated and left behind. Li Chengliang led his troops to the ditch, crossed the river and killed thousands of enemy troops. In Ming Dynasty, Li Chengliang was the crown prince and the crown prince, and there were thousands of royal families in Shiyin. In the fourth year of Wanli (1576), heishitan and Dawei were camping outside the side wall of daqingbao to seek Jinzhou and Yizhou. Li Chengliang led the selected elite cavalry to attack 200 Li, approached the enemy camp and broke the barracks. Killed four Tatar ministers. In May of the fifth year of Wanli (1577), the Tuman invaders again. Li Chengliang attacked the Tuman's camp unprepared and survived. In the first month of the sixth year of Wanli (1578), the local barbarian army quickly joined the army and invaded. Li Chengliang defeated it, jiataibao and Shiyin Benwei commander. In December, Kuba Hai, Chao Hua, Nuan Tu and Gong Tu joined Huangtaiji. More than 30000 of them, including big and small Wei Zheng, bu Erhai and panghutai, rode to camp in Liaohe River, attacked Dongchang fort and went deep into the border to Yaozhou. Li Chengliang sent his generals to divide the key cities to contain the barbarians. He personally led the elite troops to March more than 200 Li out of the fortress to smash the Yuanshan mountain. When the barbarian army heard about it, they all fled to the outside of the Great Wall. Li Chengliang was granted the title of "Gong"

Ning Yuanbo

. At that time, Tuman asked to come to Gongshi several times, which was not allowed by the officials of Ming Dynasty. In October of the seventh year of Wanli (1579), he once again rode 40000 horses from Jinchuan camp in Qiantun to the border. Li Chengliang ordered the generals to strengthen the city defense, personally urged the General Yang Su and other key forces to control the Mongol invaders. When Qi Jiguang came to help, Mongolia soon withdrew. Later, the Mongol attack was repelled by Li Chengliang.

The army conquers Jianzhou

In the eighth year of Wanli (1580), Emperor Wanli praised Li Chengliang for his military contribution in guarding Liaodong. He built Shifang (located in Beizhen city of Jinzhou, Liaoning Province). In the 10th year of Wanli (1582), Wang Gao's son Atai continued to fight against the Ming Dynasty. In September, Li Chengliang, the Liaodong general, attacked gule village where Atai was located.

In February of the 11th year of Wanli (1583), Li Chengliang attacked Wang Gao's son Atai again. Nurhachi's father, takshi, was Wang Gao's grandson-in-law. Takshi and his father, juechang'an, went to gule village to persuade the Ming army to surrender, but they were surrounded in the village because of the war. Under the command of Li Chengliang, nikan wailan, the leader of Tulun city in sukehu River, Jurchen County of Jianzhou, lured Atai to open the city. After conquering guleshan City, he slaughtered the city. Juechang'an and takshi were not spared.

Although takshi belonged to Wang Gao's family, he had been attached to Li Chengliang, but he died because of this. It was Li Chengliang and nican wailan who did it intentionally. Nurhachi was extremely dissatisfied with this: "Why were my grandfather and father killed? You are all my mortal enemies! What do you say about that? " Li Chengliang knew that he was wrong. Later, the Ming court gave the land, men and horses of takshi to Nurhachi and ordered him to inherit the title of commander in chief as compensation. Nuerhachi unified all the departments of Nuzhen. After the establishment of the later Jin Dynasty, his desire to avenge his father and ancestors became one of the "seven hatreds" for betraying Ming Dynasty.

Extravagance impeached

With the continuous development of his officialdom, Li Chengliang

Expensive and arrogant, extravagant

Since then, he made friends with the officials of the imperial court. In the 19th year of Wanli (1591), Li Chengliang was impeached as an official. In November, mingshenzong dismissed Li Chengliang from his post in Liaodong, only to appear before the emperor as ningyuanbo. Before Li Chengliang's time in Liaodong, most of his achievements were made outside the Great Wall, so it's easy to be affected by the real situation. If the enemy invaders enter the mainland, they will rely on the strong city and clear the countryside, support the troops to wait and see the situation, and then attack; they can even cover up the defeat and turn it into credit, kill the good people and pretend to be the enemy's head. All the officials in the cabinet were hoodwinked by him. The governor and the supervisor were pushed out by him when they wanted to disobey him, so that they could not report his illegal acts. Some patrolmen Chen Dengyun and Xu shouen got the criminal evidence of murdering and deceiving others. They wanted to play, but they were stopped by patrolmen Li Song and Gu Yangqian. As a result, there was a heated discussion in the court, and the imperial censor Zhu Yinghu, the minister Ren Yingzheng and the Minister Li Guan wrote to attack them one after another. Because there is evidence for Li Chengliang's case, but in the end, because of the secret support of the backers of the central government, it will not be punished. After Shen Shixing, Xu Guo, Wang xijue and others left their posts one after another, Li Chengliang lost his support and was eventually dismissed.

In the 20th year of Wanli (1592), kuaibai rebelled in Ningxia, and Mei Guozhen, the censor, asked for the reappointment of Li Chengliang. Wang Dewan firmly believed that it was impossible, so he was shelved. In this way, Li Chengliang lost the chance to take part in the battle of Ningxia. The Ming court sent his eldest son, Li Rusong, as the commander in chief to take part in the battle. Li Chengliang also lost the chance to make contributions and recover. The generals led by Li Chengliang's previous achievements have been put in important positions one after another. Later, Li Pinghu, Li Ning, Li Xing, Qin Deyi, sun Shoulian and others under his command were all rich and became the officials who dominated the city. But since then, the Ming Dynasty's border defense has been in a bad mood. It has gone to collect people's money, and the number and equipment of the army have been reduced to a certain extent. Since Li Chengliang left Liaodong, eight generals have changed in ten years. The frontier defense of Liaodong in Ming Dynasty was gradually abandoned, which provided objective conditions for Nurhachi's rise.

Reactivate

In August of the 29th year of Wanli (1601), Ma Lin, commander in chief of Liaodong, was impeached and convicted of a dispute with tax envoy Gao Huai. Shen Guanyi, a bachelor, wrote a letter about Li Chengliang

Chinese PinYin : Li Cheng Liang