Liu Tizhi

Liu Tizhi

Liu Tizhi (1879-1962) was an official and book collector of the Republic of China. He was born in Lujiang, Anhui Province, and was the son of Liu Bingzhang, the governor of Sichuan Province.

Personage information

When Liu Bingzhang was the governor of Zhejiang Province, the Sino French war broke out. He led the army to Hangzhou. At the critical moment of the war, he said to his family, "in case of a defeat in the battlefield, I will be loyal to my country. My wife will be chaste. My three sons (Liu tiqian, Liu Tiren and Liu tixin) will be filial. My fourth and fifth children are still young. They are given to Li Hongzhang." With this remark, all the officers and men in the army are determined to serve the country. The battle between China and France in Zhenhai lasted 103 days and was unprecedented fierce. Relying on the financial and military support of Zhejiang Province, it finally defeated the French army. French admiral Guba was seriously injured and soon died in Penghu Islands. Liu Bingzhang won the war and was promoted to governor of Sichuan.

Liu Huizhi is Liu Bingzhang's "Little Four", who was intelligent and easy to read since he was a child. Because Liu Bingzhang was Li Hongzhang's best friend and his two families were in law, Liu Huizhi was able to enter Li Hongzhang's family school in Tianjin from childhood. He studied with Li's children. He was good at both Chinese and Western languages. He was able to get along with Li's family members and their children day and night. He also enjoyed the classics and collections of the old family's Secret messengers for many years Laid the foundation.

Collect national treasures

Liu Huizhi's collection of cultural relics can be rated as the first-class in the world, especially the collection of tortoise shells and bronzes.

Its collection of oracle bone inscriptions reached more than 28000 pieces before the war, and all of them were sold to the state in 1953. According to the statistics of the cultural relics department, there are more than 90000 pieces of tortoise shells in mainland China, which are distributed in 95 government departments and 44 private collectors. Liu Huizhi's 28000 pieces, accounting for almost one third, is the largest private collection of tortoise shells.

When Guo Moruo died in Japan in 1936, his life was very difficult, sometimes he couldn't afford a brush. Knowing that Liu Hui was knowledgeable and talented, he asked someone to develop the script of the tortoise shell bone pieces he had collected over the years and put them into a series of book deeds, which were divided into 20 volumes. He entrusted Jin Zu of China Bookstore to take them to Japan and handed them to Guo Moruo for his research and writing.

Guo Moruo was so surprised that he selected 1595 pieces from them, studied and explained them in advance, and based on this, he wrote a great work of great significance in the study of oracle bone, Yin qicui Bian, which was published in Japan.

In the preface, Guo Moruo repeatedly exclaimed: "Liu's body and wisdom have many oracle bones, which are almost the highest at home and abroad. He has developed his writing as a collection of letters and deeds, which is a Book of twenty. In the summer of last year, the ancestor of mengtuojin came to see you from a long distance, and even allowed him to select a number of books and arrange the scenery first. Such a high friendship is rare in the world. I feel that I am very sensitive to it, but I do not know what to do, but I want to take 1595 pieces of it, but I see that the original works are only ten. “…… However, Liu's collection of vertebrae and extension of the force, to survive. I just sit and enjoy the success, and I have nothing to discuss. " (preface to Yin qicui by Guo Moruo) the gratitude is beyond expression.

After the end of the Anti Japanese War, Professor Hu houxuan of Fudan University returned to Shanghai from the rear area. He often visited Mr. Liu Huizhi in xiaoxiaoxiaojingge on Xinzha Road in the urban area, made an appointment with him, visited his collection, and specially arranged for students to visit his oracle bone collection. It's 100 boxes of oracle bone that are packed in nanmu boxes. Open the lid of the box and you'll see.

In addition, there are 20 volumes of Oracle Bone rubbings shuqicongbian, each with a simple explanation. This set of rubbings is in direct contrast with the order of the oracle bones in the box. Hu houxuan once checked the real number of oracle bones, which was 28192 pieces. Chen Mengjia, a famous scholar, has also researched, among which more than 300 pieces belong to the old collection of Xu Naichang's sui'an.

In 1953, Liu's oracle bones were sold to the state and accepted by the Cultural Relics Bureau of the central Ministry of culture. The Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences once again expanded them. The rubbings were titled "the oracle bone rubbings collected in Shanzhai".

For some reason, Dong Zuobin, a Chinese scholar in Taiwan a few years ago, thought that "Liu Huizhi's oracle bones are known as 20000 pieces, but most of them are fake inscriptions" (fifty years of oracle bones).

After liberation, when the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was in charge of the most authoritative description of the collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the history of oracle bone science, it made a careful textual research and thought that among the oracle bones donated by Liu, only 112 pieces were forged, less than 1 / 250, which could not be regarded as "many".

When Guo Moruo and Hu houxuan compiled the collection of oracle bone inscriptions, through detailed textual research, it is proved that the collection of yinqicui compiled by Guo at that time is of course excellent, but the collection of excellent works is not complete. For example, the inscription of sifangfeng and some large oracle inscriptions of niujiegu are not included.

Book collectors

In addition to the collection of oracle bones and bronzes, xiaoxiaojing Pavilion is also famous for its collection of books. Liu's book collection is 100000.

In 1934, his house couldn't hold more and more books, so he had to build a special library named xiaoxiaojingge. His collection of books is mainly of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there are also many ancient books of the song and Yuan Dynasties.

By the time of liberation, there were nine editions of Song Dynasty and more than 1000 local chronicles, with 1928 rare books (this is the result of the examination and revision of Shanghai Municipal Commission of cultural administration at the beginning of liberation). These books are packed in 500 special bookcases. Open the lid of the bookcase and cover it with a thin layer of wire. This is specially designed to prevent mice from getting in when exposed to the sun.

Another distinctive feature of Liu's collection of books is that he must collect the original old books of Siku Quanshu, which were deleted by the officials of Siku at that time. He was determined to collect all the "cunmu" books in Siku according to the catalogue, and borrow copies if not. With his own efforts, he would collect all the original copies of Sikuquanshu and restore them to their original appearance. Therefore, this small school Jingge has been busy with more than ten craftsmen who copy and proofread books for many years.

After liberation, all of Liu's books, together with the 500 boxes, were donated to the Shanghai Municipal Council for cultural administration, and then transferred to the Shanghai Library. The first batch donated 326 boxes of 67873 volumes of books; the second batch donated 282 kinds of rubbings of stone inscriptions of past dynasties, a total of 436 volumes, including 50 kinds of famous steles of Han and Wei dynasties; 79 kinds from Jin to Sui dynasties, 185 kinds from Tang Dynasty, 122 kinds from song, Jin, yuan and Ming Dynasties, 36 kinds of miscellaneous calligraphy; the third batch donated 34 boxes of books.

In September 1951, he also donated 130 pieces of weapons from the three dynasties and the Qin and Han Dynasties, which were packed in 20 boxes and then handed over to the Shanghai Museum for preservation by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of cultural administration. For this reason, Mayor Chen Yi issued a commendation order in recognition of his patriotism.

Liu Huizhi died in 1962. Before his death, he had donated all his collections (and a large number of ancient ink and inkstones to Anhui Provincial Museum, which specially set up the "exhibition room of ancient Chinese ink") without leaving any stone or wood behind. This is also one of the few in the history of private collection.

There are about 2.3 million pieces of ancient musical instruments in the Yi Dynasty, and about 2.8 million pieces of ancient musical instruments in the Tang Dynasty. It is called "Luo Zhenyu second".

In 1937, Guo Moruo printed more than 1500 pieces of Oracle Bone rubbings. The name of the library is "Shanzhai", "xiaoxiaojingge" and "yuanbilou", which is based on Liu Zongyuan's words of "you yanye green, yuanhuntianbi".

It has compiled 32 volumes of yuanbilou classics catalogue, with 24000 books and 100000 books.

His collection of books is mainly of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there are also many ancient books of the song and Yuan Dynasties. There are nine editions of the Song Dynasty, more than 1000 local chronicles and 1928 rare books. In 1935, his collection of Zhongding was copied and expanded into 18 volumes, which is called "xiaoxiaojingge Jinwen rubbings".

In 1950, he donated all his 67873 ancient books, including 1928 rare books, to the Shanghai Municipal Administration of cultural relics, which were collected in the Shanghai Library and the Beijing Palace Museum Library respectively; all his oracle bones were donated to the Palace Museum, and a large number of ancient inkstones were donated to the Anhui Provincial Museum.

Writing

His works include shanzhaijijinlu, xiaojingge Jinshi characters, etc. Zheng Zhenduo collected five volumes of yuanbilou bibliography summary, which was not written by the author. He wrote Yuan Shi Hui Zhu, Yi CI Lu, Shuo Wen homophony, Shuo Wen Qieyun, Shuo Wen Lei Ju, Li Ji Zhu Shu, Shang Shu Zhuan Jian, Shan Zhai Ji Jin Lu, Shan Zhai Xi Yin Lu, Shan Zhai Mo Ben Lu, etc.

Chinese PinYin : Liu Ti Zhi